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)EPARTMENT OP THE INTERIOR 

Franklin K. Lane, Secretary- 



ID States Geological Survey 
George Otis Smith, Director 

'ATER-SUPPLY Paper 424 



SURFACE WATERS OF VERMONT 



BY 



C. H. PIERCE 



Prepared in cooperadon with the 
STATE OF VERMONT 




WASHINGTON 

GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 

1917 



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in 2011 witin funding from 
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DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 

Franklin K. Lane, Secretarj^ 



United States Geological Survey 

George Otis Smith, Director '^ ^ O 



Water-Supply Paper 424 



SURFACE WATERS OF VERMONT 



BY 



C. H. PIERCE 



Prepared in cooperation with the 
STATE OF VERMONT 




WASHINGTON 

GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 

1917 






ADDITIONAL COPIES 

OF THIS PUBLICATION MAY BE PKOCURED FROM 

THE SUPERINTENDENT OF DOCUMENTS 

GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 

WASHINGTON, D. C. 

AT 

25 CENTS PER COPY 



P. Of D. 
iAN 24 1918 



CONTENTS. 



Introduction 5 

Cooperation 8 

Division of work 8 

Definition of terms 9 

Explanation of data 9 

Accuracy of field data and computed results 11 

Gaging stations maintained in Vermont 12 

St. Lawrence River basin 13 

Lake Champlain drainage basin 13 

General featiores 13 

Gaging-station records 14 

Lake Champlain at Burlington, Vt 14 

Lake Champlain outlet (Richelieu River) at Chambly, Province 

of Quebec 20 

Poultney River near Fair Haven, Vt 25 

Otter Creek at Middlebury, Vt 26 

East Creek near Rutland, Vt 35 

Winooski River above Stevens Branch, near Montpelier, Vt 39 

Winooksi River at Montpelier, Vt 41 

Winooski River at Richmond, Vt 50 

Winooski River near Winooski, Vt 55 

Stevens Branch of Winooski River near Montpelier, Vt 56 

North Branch of Winooski River at Montpelier, Vt 57 

Dog River at Northfield, Vt 65 

Dog River near Montpelier, Vt 73 

Mad River near Moretown, Vt 74 

Waterbury River near Waterbury, ^^t 76 

Huntington River at Jonesville, Vt 77 

Lamoille River at Cadys Falls, Vt 77 

Lamoille River at Johnson, Vt 83 

Lamoille River at West Milton, Vt 86 

Green River at Garfield, Vt 88 

Missisquoi River near Richford, Vt. 90 

Missisquoi River at Swanton, Vt 101 

St. Francis River basin 102 

General features 102 

Gaging-station records 103 

Clyde River at West Derby, Vt 103 

Connecticut River basin 110 

General features 110 

Gaging-station records Ill 

Connecticut River at Orford, N. H. (Fairlee, Vt.) Ill 

Passumpsic River at Pierce's Mills, near St. Johnsbury, Vt 117 

Passumpsic River at St. Johnsbury Center, Vt 124 

White River at Sharon, Vt 124 

White River at West Hartford, Vt 130 

East Branch of Deerfield River at Somerset reservoir, Vt 132 

Miscellaneous measurements 134 

Convenient equivalents 136 

Gazetteer of streams 139 

Index , 217-218 

3 



ILLUSTRATIONS. 

Page. 
Plate I. Map of Vermont showing principal drainage l)asins and location of 

gaging stations In pocket. 

II. River survey map of Mad and Waterbury rivers In pocket. 

Ill, IV. River survey map of Wiuooski River In pocket. 

V. A, Price current meters; B, Typical gaging station 10 

VI. Water-stage recorders: J., Stevens; £, Gur ley printing; C, Piiez... 11 

VII. Power station on Otter Creek at Proctor, Vt 26 

VIII. A, Power station on Otter Creek at Center Rutland, Vt.; B, Power 

station at Himtington Falls, Vt 27 

IX. Winooski River (right bank) at Montpelier, Vt.: A, Cable car and 

cable support; B, Gage house 40 

X. A, Measuring section on Winooski River at Montpelier, Vt., looking 

upstream; B, Gage house on right bank of Lamoille River at Cadys 
Falls, Vt 41 

XI. Lamoille River at Morris^dlle, Vt.: A, Municipal dam; B, Electric- 

light plant 90 

XII. A, Gage house on Missisquoi River near Richiord, Vt., February 12, 
1918; B, Wliite River at West Hartford, Vt., February 15, 1916, 
looking upstream 91 

XIII. Hydroelectric plant of New England Power Co. at Vernon, Vt 110 

XIV. A, Clyde River at West Derby, Vt., February 11, 1916, looking up- 

stream; B, Reservoir embankment and measuring weir below Som- 
erset reservoir, on East Branch of Deerfield River at Somerset, Vt. . Ill 

Figure 1. Gage-height record, Winooski River at Montpelier, Vt 41 

2 . Rating curve for Lamoille River at Cadys Falls, Vt 78 

4 



SURFACE WATERS OF VERMONT. 



By C. H. Pierce. 



INTRODUCTION. 

From the days of the earhest settlements in Vermont the rivers of 
the State have figured largely in its growth and development. Fol- 
lowing Indian trails along river valleys, over routes which later were 
to become main highways of travel and commerce, the hardy pioneers 
were quick to recognize the importance of- mill sites and to utiHze 
the water powers in providing themselves with food, clothing, and 
shelter. Gristmills were soon built to grind the grain raised in 
the clearings made along the meadows and valleys. Next the saw- 
mill, with vertical saw, appeared, and houses of pine logs were re- 
placed by comfortable frame structures constructed from the same 
abundant material by the aid of power developed on small streams 
in the neighborhood. For many years clothing was largely the 
product of the spinning wheel and the hand loom, and when wool 
for the winter clothing could be prepared in the carding mill, instead 
of by hand in the household, a big saving in labor was made. With 
the clearing away of the virgin forests, changes in methods of agri- 
culture, and improvements in facihties for transportation the com- 
mimity sawmill and gristmill and the old-time carding mill gave 
place to other uses of power. As capital became more plentiful 
larger power units were demanded, and sites on larger streams, 
affording higher heads, were developed. The miUing industry was 
continued on a larger scale with wheat and corn brought from the 
Western States; cotton and woolen factories employed many oper- 
atives; hydroelectric power was developed for use in mines and 
quarries, on railroads, and for lighting; shoe shops, box factories, 
manufactories of leather, and other industries continually increased 
the demand for power. With the rapid increase in the application 
of electricity for Ughting, heating, and power during the last decade, 
there is now hardly a town in the State which is not dependent in 
some way on power derived from faUing water. How the waters of 
Vermont can be best used to serve the interests of the citizens of the 
State is a vital question. Fortunately pure water is abundant, so 
that the higher use for municipal supply need not seriously interfere 
with its use for other purposes. 



6 SURFACE WATEES OE VERMONT. 

Municipal ownership and operation of hydroelectric plants has 
probably been worked out as successfully in Vermont as in any other 
State, a good illustration being afforded by the Morrisville electric- 
light and power plant on Lamoille River, where an installation of 
1,700 horsepower provides Ught, heat, and power for the people of 
the town and furnishes power for operating an electric railway. 
One of the features of this plant is the creation of an artificial lake 
covering 150 acres and rivahng as a summer resort the natural lakes 
scattered among the Green Mountains. 

The trend of modern power development is seen by the unified 
systems of power plants in some sections of the State, notably in the 
Winooski River valley, where eight plants, with an aggregate of 
7,500 horsepower, are brought together on the same line. Another 
example is the Vernon plant of the New England Power Co., at 
Vernon, Vt. (see PI. XIII), and the Readsboro plant on Deerfield 
River at Readsboro, Vt., which are tied in with other hydroelectric 
plants of the same company to form a system of 75,000 horsepower. 
In regard to the combination of water powers, Director George Otis 
Smith ^ has said : 

The engineering fact that stands out in the utilization of water power is the compari- 
tively high efficiency of large systems. Lower costs of operation and better service 
are results that appear to follow naturally the creation of these combinations of power 
plants. 

The combination of several water powers differing in character in order to serve 
many markets having diversified service requirements makes possible an economic 
adjustment of supply to demand, and thus the result is a natural tendency to State- 
wide, and even interstate, units of operation. Nature's irregularities are thus equal- 
ized and man's varied requirements are similarly balanced. * * * 

Cheap power promises to be in some future century this country's largest asset in 
the industrial rivalry among nations. Oiu- unsurpassed coal reserves reinforced by 
these water-power resources constitute a strong line of national defense in that they 
form the real basis for an industrial organization of the Nation's workers. It is only 
through abundant and well-distributed power that the other material resources of the 
country can be put to their highest use and made to count most in the Nation's devel- 
opment. The people's interest in water power is greatest in its promise of future 
social progress, and such an interest is well worth protecting. 

The history of water-power development shows that the financial 
success of a project depends largely on the relation of fixed charges, 
due to construction and operation, to the returns from marketing 
the power. In most plants the initial cost of construction, including 
the installation of power units, must be paid by returns from a num- 
ber of years of operation. Therefore, before construction is under- 
taken it is necessary to have data showing the power available and 
whether the run-off throughout the year, on which the effective 
power wiU depend, will be so distributed as to correspond to the 

1 Smith, G. O., The people's interest in water-power resources; U. S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply 
Paper 400, pp. 2, 7-8, 1916. 



INTHODUCrnON. 



requirements of the market. The conditions of stream flow in any 
one year are not likely to be duplicated exactly in any succeeding 
year, but a knowledge of the conditions existing for a series of years 
may be used in preidicting the occurrence of critical periods on which 
the design of a successful power development must largely depend. 

To meet the increasing need for stream-flow data in all parts of 
the country, the United States Geological Survey began systematic 
stream gaging in 1888, by establishing at Embudo, N. Mex., a 
training school for engineers to be employed in this new work. The 
methods developed in that school, modified and improved by added 
experience, have now been generally adopted by engineers not only 
in this country but in other countries in both the Western and 
Eastern hemispheres. The work of collecting systematic records of 
river discharge has been extended to all parts of this country, and 
records of greater or less length are now available for about 3,800 
gaging stations. 

The first Survey stations in Vermont were installed in 1903. Since 
that date 25 stations have been established either by the Survey 
acting alone or by the Survey in cooperation with the State. This 
report contains all records collected at these stations and all other 
available records of river discharge collected on streams in Vermont 
or on its borders. They have been compiled from many reports 
and from unpublished data and are here brought together in such 
form that they are readily accessible to all who are interested in the 
use of the water resources of the State. 

Most of the stream-flow records on rivers in Vermont cover rela- 
tively short periods, periods which may not in themselves include 
either the maximum or minimum limit of the range of variation that 
may be expected. The value of these records may be materially 
increased, however, by comparing them with the records for the 
16-year period of Connecticut River at Orford, N, H. (Fairlee, Vt.), 
which are considered accurate, and by a more extended comparison 
with the 42-year records of Lake Champlain outlet. Owing to the 
conditions under which the stage-discharge relation of Lake Cham- 
plain outlet was deduced, the computations based upon it may not 
be highly accurate throughout, but they are given here for their 
value in comparing the conditions during the last few years with the 
conditions prior to the establishment of more accurate measuring 
stations in the tributary river basins. 

The data presented in this report should not be considered final or 
conclusive, for each additional year's record, when used in connection 
with previous records, adds a value to the total record much greater 
in proportion than the time ratio of the one year to the total period 
covered. 



8 SUBFACE WATERS OP VERMONT. 

The hydrologic data are presented in this form with the hope and 
expectation that they will aidnotonly in developing the water resources 
of Vermont, but in upbuilding industries that depend in some degree 
on the utilization of the water resources. 

COOPERATION. 

Under authority conferred by Federal and State legislation the 
investigations have been carried on under cooperative agreements 
between the Director of the United States Geological Survey and 
successive governors of Vermont. The principal features of this 
agreement are: 

1. The United States Geological Survey assumes the responsi- 
bility of gathering, analyzing, and publishing the data. 

2. During the progress of the work all notes, maps, and data 
gathered as a result of field studies are at all times open to inspection 
by the representative of the State, and if they are not entirely satis- 
factory the agreement can be terminated. 

3. Accounts for payment of salaries, travel and subsistence, sup- 
plies, or other expense necessary to the completion of the work shall 
be rendered in the manner required by the laws and regulations of 
the contracting parties, and vouchers shall be referred to either 
party for payment according to convenience or to the balance remain- 
ing in the respective allotments. 

4. The cost of publication is borne entirely by the Geological 
Survey. 

Assistance in obtaining stream-flow records has been rendered by 
several engineers and by representatives of power companies and 
business organizations. The engineering schools of the State have 
also shown an active interest in the work. Specific acknowledg- 
ment of individual cooperation is made in connection with the descrip- 
tion of the station. 

DIVISION OF WORK. 

Investigations of the water resources in Vermont were begun by 
H. K. Barrows under the direction of F. H. Newell, chief hydro- 
grapher, and N. C. Grover, district hydrographer; from 1904 to 
1909 the work was carried on by H. K. Barrows, district engineer; 
by T. W. Norcross ha 1910; from 1910 to 1914, by C. C. Covert, dis- 
trict engineer; and subsequent to 1914 by C. H. Pierce. Various 
assistants whose names appear in connection with discharge measure- 
ments listed in this report have participated in the work. Special 
acknowledgment should be made to Prof. A. D. Butterfield and to 
Prof. G. M. Brett, who made the special investigation and survey 
of the Winooski River basin in 1910. The ratings, computations, 
estimates of flow during winter periods, and special studies of data 
for this report have been made by C. H. Pierce, district engineer, 
assisted by Hardin Thwep.tt and Hope Hearn. 



EXPLANATION OF DATA. 9 

DEFINITION OF TERMS. 

The volume of water flowing in a stream — the ''run-off" or ''dis- 
charge" — ^is expressed in various terms, each of which has become 
associated with a certain class of work. These terms may be divided 
into two groups — (1) those that represent a rate of flow, as second- 
feet, gallons per minute, miners' inches, and discharge in seccaid- 
feet per square mile, and (2) those that represent the actual quantity 
of water, as run-off in depth of inches, acre-feet, and miUions of cubic 
feet. The principal terms used in this report are second-feet, second- 
feet per square mile, run-off in inches, and millions of cubic feet. 
They may be defined as follows : 

"Second-feet" is an abbreviation for "cubic feet per second." 
A second-foot is the rate of discharge of water flowing in a channel 
1 square foot in cross section at an average velocity of 1 foot per 
second. It is generally used as a fundamental unit from which 
others are computed by the use of the factors given in the tables of 
convenient equivalents (p. 136). 

"Second-feet per square mile" is the average number of cubic feet 
of water flowing per second from each square mile of area drained, 
on the assumption that the run-off is distributed uniformly both as 
regards time and area. 

"Run-off (depth in inches)" is the depth to which an area would 
be covered if all the water flowing from it in a given period were 
uniformly distributed on the surface. It is used for comparing 
run-off with rainfall, which is usually expressed in depth of inches. 

"MiUions of cubic feet" is appUed to quantities of water stored 
in reservoirs, most frequently in connection with studies of flood 
control and of storage. 

The following terms not in common use are here defined : 

"Stage-discharge relation," an abbreviation for the term "rela- 
tion of gage height to discharge." 

"Control," a term used to designate the section or sections of the 
stream below the gage which determine the discharge relation at the 
gage. It should be noted that the control may not be the same sec- 
tion or sections at all stages. 

The "point of zero flow" for a given gaging station is that point 
on the gage — the gage height — to which the surface of the river would 
fall if there were no flow. 

EXPLANATION OF DATA. 

The data presented in this report are divided into periods begin- 
ning October 1 and ending September 30 of the following year. lu 
Vermont on the 1st of January in most years much of the precipita- 
tion during the preceding three months is stored as ground water, 
in the form of snow or ice, or in ponds, lakes, and swamps, and this 



10 SURI'ACE WATEBS OF VERMONT. 

stored water passes off in the streams during the spring break-up. 
At the end of September, on the other hand, the only stored water 
available for run-off is possibly a small quantity in the ground ; there- 
fore the run-off for the year is practically all derived from pre- 
cipitation within that year. 

The base data collected at gaging stations (PI. V, B) consist of 
records of stage, measurements of discharge, and general information 
used to supplement the gage heights and discharge measurements in 
determining the daily flow. The records of stage are obtained either 
from direct readings on a staff or chain gage or from a water-stage 
recorder (PI. VI) that gives a continuous record of the fluctuations. 
Measurements of discharge are made with a cm-rent meter (PI. V, A) 
by the general methods outlined in standard textbooks on the meas- 
urement of river discharge. 

From the discharge measurements rating tables are prepared that 
give the discharge for any stage, and these rating tables, when applied 
to the gage heights, give the daily discharge from which monthly 
and yearly mean discharge is determined. 

The data presented for each gaging station in the area covered by 
this report comprise a description of the station, a table giving results 
of discharge measurements, a table showing the daily discharge of 
the stream, and a table of monthly and yearly discharge and run-off. 

If the base data are insufficient to determine the daily discharge, 
tables giving daily gage heights and results of discharge measure- 
ments are published. 

The description of the station gives, in addition to statements 
regarding location and equipment, information in regard to any con- 
ditions that may affect the constancy of the stage-discharge relation, 
covering such subjects as the occurrence of ice, the use of the stream 
for log driving, shifting of channel, and the cause and effect of back- 
water; it gives also information as to diversions that decrease the 
flow at the gage, artificial regulation, maximum and minimum 
recorded stages, and the accuracy of the records. 

The table of daily discharge gives the discharge in second-feet 
corresponding to the mean of the gage heights read each day. At 
stations on streams subject to rapid changes in stage the discharge 
obtained from the rating table and the mean daily gage height may 
not be the true mean discharge for the day. If such stations are 
equipped with automatic gages the true mean daily discharge may be 
obtained by applying the rating table to gage heights at short inter- 
vals throughout the day. 

In the table of monthly discharge the column headed ''Maximum" 
gives the mean flow for the day when the mean gage height was 
highest. As the gage height is the mean for the day it does not 
indicate correctly the stage when the water surface was at crest 



U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY WATER-SUPPLY PAPER 424 PLATE V 




A. PRICE CURRENT METERS. 




^mmm/. 



B. TYPICAL GAGING STATION. 



ACGUBACY OF FIELD DATA. 11 

height and the corresponding discharge was consequently larger than 
given in the maximum column. Likewise, in the column headed 
"Minimum" the quantity given is the mean flow for the day when 
the mean gage height was lowest. The column headed ''Mean" is 
the average flow in cubic feet for each second during the month. On 
this average flow computations recorded in the remaining columns, 
which are defined on pages 9-10, are based. 

The deficiency table presented for some of the gaging stations 
shows the number of days in each year on which the mean daily 
discharge was less than the discharge given in the table. By sub- 
traction the table gives the number of days each year that the mean 
daily discharge was between the discharges given in the table and, 
also by subtraction, the number of days that the mean daily dis- 
charge was equal to or greater than the discharge given. For con- 
venience the theoretical horsepower per foot of fall corresponding to 
the discharge is also given. In using the table for studies of power, 
allowance should be made for the various losses, the most important 
being wheel loss and head loss. 

ACCURACY OF FIELD DATA AND COMPUTED RESULTS. 

The accuracy of stream-flow data depends primarily (1) on the 
permanence of the stage-discharge relation and (2) on the accuracy of 
observation of stage, measurements of flow, and interpretation of 
records. 

Footnotes added to the daily discharge tables give information 
regarding the probable accuracy of the rating tables used, and an 
acciu'acy column is inserted in the monthly discharge table. For 
the rating tables, "well defined" indicates, in general, that the rating 
is probably accurate within 5 per cent; "fairly weU defined," within 
10 per cent; "poorly defined" or "approximate," within 15 to 25 per 
cent. These notes are very general and are based on the plotting of the 
individual measurements with reference to the mean rating curve. 

The letter in the column headed "Accuracy," in the monthly dis- 
charge table, rates the accuracy of the monthly mean and not that 
of the maximum or minimum discharge or the discharge for any one 
day. The rating is determined by considering the accuracy of the 
rating curve, the probable rehabiUty of the observer, the number 
of gage readings per day, the range of the fluctuation in stage, and 
local conditions. In this column A indicates that the mean monthly 
flow is probably accurate within 5 per cent; B, within 10 per cent; 
C, within 15 per cent; D, within 25 per cent. Special conditions 
are covered by footnotes. 

The monthly means for any station may represent with high accu- 
racy the quantity of water flowing past the gage, but the figures 
showing discharge per square mile and depth of run-off in inches 



12 SURFACE AVATEES OF VERMONT. 

may be subject to gross errors caused by the inclusion of large non- 
contributing districts in the measured drainage area, by lack of 
information concerning water diverted, or by inabiUty to interpret 
the effect of artificial regulation of the flow of the river above the 
station. "Second-feet per square mile" and "Run-off (depth in 
inches)" are therefore not computed if such errors appear probable. 
All figures representing "Second-feet per square mile" and "Run-off 
(depth in inches) " previously published by the Survey should be used 
with caution because of possible inherent sources of error not known 
to the engineers making the computations. 

The table of monthly discharge gives a general idea of the flow 
at the station and should be used only for preUminary estimates ; the 
tables of daily discharge allow more detailed studies of the variation 
in flow. It should be borne in mind, however, that the observations 
in each succeeding year may be expected to throw new light on data 
previously published. 

GAGING STATIONS MAINTAINED IN VERMONT. 

The following list comprises the gaging stations in Vermont main- 
tained hj the United States Geological Survey and cooperating par- 
ties. The stations are grouped by river basins and arranged in 
downstream order, with tributaries of main streams indicated by 
indention. The dates indicate the years or parts of years for which 
records are available. A dash following the date indicates that the 
station was being maintained September 30, 1916. (See PI. I, at 
end of volume.) 

ST. LAWRENCE RIVER BASIN. 

liake (Jhamplain at Burlington, 1907- 

Lake-Champlain outlet (Richelieu River) at Chambly, Pro\ince of Quebec, 1875-1916. 
Poultney River near Fair HaA^en, 1908. 
Otter Creek at Middlebury, 190.3-1907; 1910- 

East Creek near Rutland, 1911-1913. 
Winooski River above Stevens Branch, 1909-1913. 
Winooski River at Montpelier, 1909- 
Winooski River at Richmond, 1903-1907; 1910. 
Winooski River near M^inooski, 1903. 

Stevens Branch of Winooski River near Montpelier, 1910. 

North Branch of Winooski River at Montpelier, 1909-1914. 

Dog River at Northfield, 1909- 

Dog River near Montpelier, 1910. 

Mad River near Moretown, 1910. 

Waterbiuy River near Waterbury, 1910. 

Huntington RiA^er at JonesAdlle, 1910. 
Lamoille River at Cadys Falls, 1909-10; 1913- 
Lamoille River at Johnson, 1910-1913. 
Lamoille River at West Milton, 1903. 

Green River at Garfield, 1915- 
^lissisquoi River near Richford, 1909- 
Missisquoi River at Swan ton, 1903. 
St. Francis River: Clyde River at West Derby, 1909- 



LAKE CHAMPLAIN DRAINAGE BASIN. 18 

CONNECTICUT EIVEE BASIN. 

Connecticut River at Orford, N. H, (Fairlee Vt.), 1900- 

Passumpsic River at Pierce's Mills, near St. Johnsbury, 1909- 

Passumpsic River at St. Johnsbury Center, 1903. 

White River at Sharon, 1903-1904; 1909-1912. 

White River at West Hartford, 1915- 

Deerfield River: East Branch of Deerfield River at Somerset, 1912- 

ST. LAWRENCE RIVER BASIN. 

LAKE CHAMPLAIN DRAINAGE BASIN. 
GENERAL FEATURES. 

Lake Champlain occupies a long, narrow valley lying between the 
Green Mountains on tlie east and the Adirondacks on the west. A 
very small part of the lake is in the Province of Quebec, Canada, and 
the boundary between northeastern New York and northwestern 
Vermont passes through its center. The lake outlet is Richelieu 
River, which flows northward from Rouses Point, on the international 
boundary, to St. Lawrence River. The elevation of the lake surface 
at ordinary stage is about 95 feet above tide and the area of the water 
surface is 436 square miles. 

The valley is irregular in form, being about 75 miles wide from a 
point opposite Middlebury, Vt., northward to Rouses Point, and 
about 35 miles in average width south of Middlebury. The lake itself 
is somewhat more than 100 miles long and is narrow. For 40 miles 
below Whitehall, N. Y., at its head, it is in no place more than a mile 
wide and in general not over a quarter of a mile, forming virtually 
a drowned river. Opposite Port Henry, at the point on which stands 
the ante-Revolutionary Fort Frederick, it offsets sharply to the west, 
and then resumes with increasing width its northerly course. In 
the widest part, which is just north of Burlington, Vt., 10 miles of 
clear water intervenes between shore and shore. The northern end 
contains many islands, both large and small. The depth of the 
northern part of the lake is in general 200 to 300 feet, but south of 
Fort Frederick it is much less. 

The region tributary to Lake Champlain is very rugged, and the 
soil has little depth except in the stream valleys. On the west the 
foothills of the Adirondacks extend in one or two places down to the 
water, but in general the main ridges lie 10 to 25 miles back from the 
shore. On the Vermont side the slopes are less rugged than those 
on the New York side, and the surface ascends gradually from the 
lake shore to the summits of the Green Mountains, 20 miles or more 
away. The entire region is picturesque and beautiful in the highest 
degree. 

The lake is fed almost entirely by large tributaries, including 
Mettawee, Big Chazy, Saranac, Ausable, and Bouquet rivers and 
the Lake George outlet from the New York side, and Poultney, Otter 



14 SURFACT' WATERS OP VERMONT. 

Breek, Winooski, Lamoille, and Missisquoi rivers from Vermont. 
There are a few intermediate streams and brooks flowing directly 
into the lake, but the area drained by these is relatively small. 

Estimates of the drainage area of Lake Champlain differ consider- 
ably. The total area of the lake and tributary drainage basins above 
Chambly, Province of Quebec, as determined from the best available 
maps, is 8,440 square miles, distributed as follows: 

Square miles. 

Land area in Vermont, except islands 4, 428 

Land area in New York, except islands 2, 724 

Islands 55 

Land area in Canada above outlet 487 

Total land area above outlet 7, 694 

Water surface in Canada 17 

Water surface in United States 419 

Total water surface 436 

Total area above outlet 8, 130 

Eichelieu River, Rouses Point to Chambly 310 

Total area above Chambly '. 8, 440 

Richelieu River, Chambly to mouth 630 

Total area above mouth 9, 070 

Records of elevation of water surface at the outlet of the lake have 
been kept at Fort Montgomery, Rouses Point, N. Y., by the United 
States Engineer Corps since 1875, and the discharge of the lake has 
been determined from observations made at the Chambly dam in 
1898 by the United States Board of Engineers on Deep Waterways. 
Since May, 1907, records of elevation of the lake have been kept at a 
gage near the dock of the Champlain Transportation Co. at Burlington, 
Vt., and refeiTed to the datum of the Fort Montgomery gage by a 
series of comparative readings. 

GAGING- STATION RECORDS. 

LrAKE CHAMPLAIN AT BURLINGTON, VT. 

Location. — On south side of roadway leading to dock of Champlain Transportation 
Co., at foot of King Street, Burlington, Vt. 

Records available. — May 1, 1907, to September 30, 1916. 

Gage. — Staff; read once daily. Comparison of gage readings indicates that zero of 
gage at Burlington is at practically the same elevation as that of gage at Fort 
Montgomery — 92.5 feet above mean sea level. 

Extremes of stage. — 1907-1916: Maximum stage recorded, 8.20 feet April 7, 1913; 
minimum stage, —0.25 foot December 4, 1908. 

Ice. — Lake does not usually freeze over in its wider parts until late in January, and 
in some years not until February, and then for only a few days. At its northern 
end, above the outlet, the lake is usually covered with ice from the middle of De- 
cember to the middle of April. 

Cooperation. — Gage heights furnished through the courtesy of Mr. D. A. Loomis, 
general manager of the Champlain Transportation Co. 



LAKE CHAMPLAIN.DEAINA.rxE BASIN. 



15 



Daily gage height, in feet, of Lake Cham-plain at Burlington, Vt., for the years ending 

Sept. 30, 1907-1916. 



Day. 


Oct. 


Nov. 


Dec. 


Jan. 


Feb. 


Mar. 


Apr. 


May. 


June. 


July. 


Aug. 


Sept. 


1907. 
1 
















5.5 
5.63 


4.16 




2.15 


1.00 


2 


















3 
















4.0 

3.93 

3.8 

"s.'n* 

3.65 

"3.' 52' 

3.5 

3.42 

3.32 

3.2 

3.2 

""i'o" 


"i'g" 
2.9 

2.85 

"2.' 82" 
2.8 


2.10 


1.00 


4 
















5.7 




5 


1 












2.10 

2.05 
2.00 
2.00 
1.90 


1.25 


6 














5.95 
5.95 
5.95 
5.92 


1.30 


7 
















1.40 


g 


















g 
















1.44 


10 
















1.44 


11 
















5.85 


2.8 

2.76 

2.7 

"2.' 65* 

2.6 

2.55 

2.55 

2.5 

2.45 


"i.'so" 

1.75 
1.75 
1.75 

1.65 
1.55 

"i.'so" 

1.45 

1.40 
1.40 
1.36 
1.30 

1.25 
1.20 
1.20 
1.15 
1.10 
1.10 

1.7 

"i.'es' 

1.6 
1.5 

1.5 

1.5 

1.4 

....... 

1.4 

1.35 

1.3 

1.25 

1.2 

"i.'2"" 
1.2 
1.2 
1.2 

1.2 
1.2 

"i."i " 

1.1 

1.05 

1.0 
.99 
.99 
.98 
.98 


1.42 


12 


















13 
















5.62 
5.62 
5.45 

5.38 
5.37 
5.3 


1.50 


14 
















1.60 


15 


















16 . ... 














1.60 












1 




1.50 


18 
















1.50 


19 

















1.50 


20 
















5.1 




1.50 


21 
















1.40 


22 
















5.0 
4.9 

4.82 
4.72 


2.9 

"2.' 85' 


2.45 
2.4 
2.4 
2.35 

2.35 
2.3 

"2." 25" 
2.2 
2.18 

2.95 

2.9 

2.8 

2.6 
2.6 
2.55 
2.5 

2.3 

"2." 2" 
2.2 
2.1 

2.0 
2.0 
2.0 
2.0 
2.0 

2.0 

1.95 

1.9 

1.9 

1.9 

"i."85' 
1.8 
1.8 
1.8 
1.75 




23 
















1.35 


24 
















1.30 


25 
















1.35 


26 
















1.30 


27 - - 














4.5 


"2." 85" 
2.9 
2.9 

5.1 
5.1 
5.0 
4.9 

4.85 

4.75 

"i's" 

4.46 
4.35 

4.3 
4.3 
4.05 


1.30 


28 


I 












1.29 


29 














4.4 
4.3 
4.23 

6.0 
6.15 

"h'.'zh' 

6.3 

6.3 
6.3 
6.3 
6.4 

6.45 




30 
















1.30 


31 


















1907-8. 
1 


1.30 
1.40 


2.65 
2.60 










5.95 

5.85 
5.95 
5.95 


.98 


2 


2.90 
2.80 
2.75 
2.90 

2.80 
2.75 

"2.' 85" 
2.80 

3.25 
3.70 


4.5 
4.5 
4.5 
4.3 

4.3 
4.3 
4.3 
4.3 
4.3 

4.3 




04.45 


.98 


3 


.98 




1.47 
1.47 


2.80 

2.95 
3.10 
3.30 
3.50 

3.60 
3.65 
3.60 
3.64 
3.55 

3.50 
3.35 
3.40 
3.40 
3.20 

3.20 
3.20 
3.20 






.98 


5 








6 ... 






5.8 

5.78 

5.8 




7 


1.50 








8 


















10 


1.90 

1.90 
2.00 






5.85 
5.9 




11 . 








12 




4.2 




13 


4.3 
4.2 
4.15 

4.1 
4.1 
4.05 




6.0 
6.0 
6.0 

5.9 
5.8 
5.8 


6.5 






2.17 
2.18 

2.20 
2.20 
2.20 


3.5 


3.75 




15 


6.45 


4.0 

3.9 
3.9 
3.9 
3.9 
3.86 

"i'.h" 

3.55 

3.5 

3.4 

3.3 
3.25 

"z.'q" 




16 








17 


4.22 
4.4 


"I'.K' 




18 








20 




3.75 


3.95 




5.7 

5.7 
5.7 


6.0 




21 






4.45 

"4.' 4" 

4.4 
4.6 

4.6 
4.8 
5.02 




22 




3.70 
3.70 


4.0 

3.95 


4.55 




23 


2.10 
2.08 
2.00 

2.00 












25 


3.18 

3.15 
3.15 
3.13 
3.10 
3.05 






5.45 


6.65 




26 














4.5 


5.6 
5.7 
5.9 
6.0 


5.5 
5.4 
5.3 




28 




4.00 




.27 




2.20 
2.50 
2.65 






30 


4.25 
4.40 


i 


5.75 
5.85 




31 


1 





73175°— wsp 424—17- 



o Gage height to top of ice. 
—2 



16 



SURFACE WATERS OF VERMONT. 



Daily gage height, in feet, of Lake Champlain at Burlington, Vt., for the years ending 
Sept. 30, 1907-1916— Contimied. 



Day. 


Oct. 


Nov. 


Dec. 


Jan. 


Feb. 


Mar. 


Apr. 


May. 


Jtme. 


July. 


Aug. 


Sept. 


1908-9. 
1 .. . 












3.48 


ai.io 


6.95 

"6." 96' 
6.90 
6.80 


6.00 
6.92 

6.78 
6.65 






1 00 


2 


0.25 










3.40 
3.35 

'"3.'25' 

3.15 
3.10 


1.85 
1.80 
1.78 
1.70 

1.65 
1.60 


1.00 
1 00 


3 




-0.10 

- .25 

- .18 





1.33 




4 










1 00 


5 .. .. 






-0.05 






04.45 




6 










90 


7 
















6.70 
6.70 

"h'.io 

7.00 
7.17 
7.18 
7.10 
7.08 


5.45 
5.40 
5.35 
6.20 

6.10 
5.00 

"4.' 80' 
4.72 


88 


8 








.25 


1.67 


3.60 


5.37 
5.80 


85 


9 


.12 






3.00 
2.90 

'"2.' 75' 
2.65 
2.65 
2.60 

2.60 
2.60 
2.50 
2.45 
2.40 

2.37 
2.30 
2.25 


1.52 
1.60 

1.49 
1.45 
1.40 
1.35 


83 


10 












80 


11 ... . 




-0.18 




.33 


1.90 






80 


12 


.12 




5.95 




13 












75 


14 


.05 
.05 














72 


15 








2.06 


3.55 


6.55 

6.95 
7.05 




16 








1.33 
1.30 
1.30 
1.30 
1.30 

1.30 

"i."26' 
1.15 
1.12 

1.10 
1.10 
1.10 

"i.'io' 

1.05 

1.90 
. 1.85 
1.80 
1.80 
1.80 

1.80 
1.80 
1.80 


80 


17 . 




- .18 










7.00 
7.08 
7.08 
7.04 

6.95 
6.90 

' "6." 68" 
6.65 

6.45 
6.30 
6.20 
6.15 


4.30 
4.25 
4.20 




18 




- .05 








70 


19 








2.30 




7.35 
7.56 

7.61 
7.50 
7.54 
7.52 




20 


.075 


- .18 




.50 


.60 


21 






58 


22 










2.66 


3.30 


. 51 


23 




- .21 




.53 


50 


24 




2.90 
3.06 

3.02 
3.36 




.60 


25. 








.70 

.93 
1.03 
1.17 
1.20 
1.25 






69 


26 










7.41 
7.31 
7.13 
7.13 


3.95 


2.10 
2.05 
2.00 
1.98 
1.95 
1.90 

3.15 
3.10 

"i'gs" 

2.90 
2.85 
2.80 
2.70 

2.65 
2.60 
2.50 
2.45 
2.40 

2.40 

"2.' 46' 
2.35 
2.30 

2.25 

"i'.ih' 

"i'io' 

2.00 
1.95 
1.95 
1.95 
1.95 




27 










28 




- .15 


-"."os" 


70 


29 . 






3.67 


. 70 


30 






80 


31. 




















1909-10. 
1.. 


.75 
.75 


.40 
.40 
.42 
.42 
.42 

.42 










5.40 
5.50 

"5." 45' 
5.40 

5.30 
6.38 
5.40 
5.40 

5.38 
5.35 
5.30 
5.20 
5.10 

5.05 

"4.' 85' 
4.85 
4.85 

4.80 
4.75 
4.70 

"4.' 60" 

4.52 
4.45 
4.45 
4.40 


'"4.' 36' 
4.40 
4.50 

4.50 
4.50 

"i'.ho 

4.40 

4.00 
4.35 
4.30 
4.28 

4.05 
4.00 
3.90 
3.85 
3.85 

3.80 

""3.' 75' 
3.75 
3.60 

3.70 
3.75 
3.75 


3.80 
3.80 
3.70 
3.65 

3.60 
3.60 
3.78 
3.85 
3.90 

3.90 

"'3." 85' 
3.85 
3.80 

3.75 
3.75 
3.70 

"3.' 65' 

3.60 
3.55 
3.50 
3.45 
3.40 

""3.' 46' 
3.40 


1.40 


2 






O1.80 


2.55 
2.97 




3 


.50 






4 












.80 

.80 
.80 
.80 
.80 










1.33 


6 . 










1.30 


7 










1.25 


8 


.35 
.35 
.30 

.30 
.38 
.40 






O1.80 


'■4.' 53' 
4.63 


1.30 


9 








10 








1.75 

1.75 
1.70 
1.70 

"i.'io' 

1.70 
1.70 
1.65 
1.65 
1.65 

"i.'es' 

1.60 
1.60 
1.60 

1.35 
1.35 

"i.'ss' 

1.40 
1.40 


1.40 


11 


.75 
.75 
.70 
.70 
.65 

.60 








1.40 


12 . 








4.70 


1.40 


13 








1.35 


14 


.75 


0.71 


1.80 


4.78 
4.80 

4.75 
4.70 
4.70 
4.55 


1.33 


15 


1.30 


16 


.40 








1.30 


17 








1.30 


18 


.60 


.45 










19 




a. 70 




1.25 


20 


.55 

.50 
.50 
.52 


.25 




1.25 


21 






1.90 


4.60 
4.68 
4.65 
4.65 
4.75 

4.95 


1.20 


22 






1.20 


23 










24 




1.15 
1.40 




1.10 


25 


.50 

.45 
.45 
.45 








26 






1.05 


27 




.73 








28 


i.eo 


2.00 


5.15 
5.20 
5.30 
5.25 


1.05 


29 






1.05 


30 


.42 












3.15 


1.05 


31 


1 1 






3.80 





a Gage height to top of ice. 



LAKE CHAMPLAIN- DRAINAGE BASIN. 



17 



Daily gage height, in feet, of Lalce Champlain at Burlington, Vt., for the years ending 
Sept. 30, 1907-1916— Continued. 



Day. 


Oct. 


Nov. 


Dec. 


Jan. 


Feb. 


Mar. 


Apr. 


May. 


June. 


July. 


Aug. 


Sept. 


1910-11. 
1 


1.00 


1.20 
1.20 
1.20 


1.35 
1.35 
1.37 










6.00 
6.05 
6.25 
6.23 
6.15 

6.10 
5.95 

"5.' 85' 
5.80 

5.70 
.5.55 
5.40 
5.25 

5.12 
5.05 
4.95 

4.85 
4.80 

"4.' 55' 


3.75 
3.65 
3.55 


2.15 

"i'io 


"i.io 
1.10 
1.10 
1.10 

"i.'65 


60 


2 . .. 










.60 


3 


1.00 
1.00 
1.00 

1.00 
1.05 
1.10 


1.50 






2.94 
2.97 




4 . .. 






.60 


5 


1.25 

"i'.'w' 

1.40 
1.47 

1.40 
1.45 


1.37 

1.35 
1.35 
1.33 
1.30 








3.48 

3.40 
3.30 
3.25 
3.15 
3.12 

"3.' 65' 
3.00 
2.95 
2.90 


2.00 
1.95 


60 


6 








3.05 
3.38 
3.82 


.60 


7 








.60 


8 










9 


2.00 






1.80 

1.80 
1.70 
1.65 
1.60 
1.58 


.85 
.85 

.85 
.85 




10 


1.15 

1.15 
1.15 
1.17 
1.17 
1.20 

1.20 
1.15 
1.15 
1.10 
1.10 

1.10 
1.10 






4.48 

4.64 
4.75 
4.90 
5.05 
5.33 

' "5.'82' 
5.90 
5.92 
5.93 

5.94 
5.95 




11 












12 








02.10 
02.20 
02.10 
02.10 

1.70 
1.70 


.65 


13 










14 


1.45 
1.45 

1.45 
1.45 
1.45 
1.43 








.80 
.80 

.80 

.78 
.78 
.78 


.55 


15 . 










16 








.52 


17 




2.20 




"2.' 75' 

2.68 
2.60 
2.55 
2.50 

2.40 
2.35 
2.30 
2.25 
2.20 

6.08 

'"6.'46" 
6.40 
6.40 

6.30 
6.20 
6.10 

"6.'66" 

5.90 
5.83 
5.75 
5.66 
5.50 

"5.' 46' 
5.20 
5.00 
4.90 

4.82 
4.70 

"4." 66' 

4.50 

4.50 
4.20 
4.10 
4.00 


1.55 
1.51 
1.45 




18 


.56 


19 . 










.60 


20 










.60 


21 


1.40 
1.40 
1.40 
1.35 
1.35 

1.35 

'"i.'35' 
1.35 
1.35 
1.35 

1.10 
1.10 
1.10 
1.00 
1.05 

1.10 
1.10 
1.10 
1.10 
1.10 

1.05 

"i.'io' 

1.10 
1.10 

1.10 
1.15 
1.20 

"i.'22' 

1.28 
1.30 
1.30 
1.30 
1.30 

' 'i.'so" 

1.35 
1.40 
1.40 








1.80 


1.40 
1.40 

"i.'36' 
1.25 

1.20 
1.20 
1.20 
1.15 

"i.is' 

3.80 
3.70 
3.60 
3.60 
3.50 

3.50 

' '3.' 36' 
3.20 


.70 
.70 
.70 
.65 
.64 

"".ho 

.52 
.60 
.60 
.60 

2.05 
2.00 
2.00 

"2." 66' 

1.95 
1.90 
1.90 
1.90 
1.85 


.58 


22 . 










23 












24 


1.10 
1.10 






2.10 




5.90 
5.90 

5.89 
5.90 
5.95 
5.95 


4.40 
4.30 

4.20 
4.10 

"4.' 66' 

3.90 
3.80 

7.20 
6.89 
6.80 
6.70 

6.60 
6.40 
6.20 
6.10 
6.00 

5.93 

"5." 76' 
5.60 
5.50 

5.50 
5.50 
5.50 

' '5.' 56' 

5.50 
5.65 
5.65 
5.63 
5.60 

5.60 




25 








26 










.60 


27 


1.15 


1.25 






1.90 
2.15 
2.40 




28 






.57 


29 


1.20 










30 








.52 


31 


1.20 








2.80 
"i.'72" 


3.50 
3.78 
3.90 
3.90 
3.98 

4.25 




1911-12. 
1 


1.50 
1.50 

"i.'so' 

1.50 

1.50 
1.55 
1.55 
1.50 

1.55 
1.60 
1.70 
1.90 
2.10 

2.20 

' "2.' so' 

2.30 
2.30 

2.30 
2.30 
2.45 

"2.' 56' 

2.70 
2.90 
2.90 
2.90 
2.80 


"2.' so' 

2.80 
2.80 
2.70 

2.65 


2.30 
2.30 
2.30 




2 




1.50 


3 




1.48 


4 




1.48 


5 




2.30 


1.72 


1 45 


6 




1.45 




.65 






'1.43 


8 


2.57 
2.55 
2.40 

2.40 
2.30 
2.28 

"2.'i5' 

2.15 
2.18 
2.18 
2.18 
2.18 






5.39 
6.00 
6.29 

6.38 
6.41 
6.49 




9 


.65 
.65 

.68 
.68 
.70 
.70 


"i'io" 


1.74 


1.43 


10 


1 40 


11 


1.40 


12 




1.74 


3.00 
2.90 

"2.' 75' 

2.60 
2.55 
2.50 

2.48 
2.48 

"2.' .56' 
2.50 
2.40 
2.30 

2.30 
2.20 

' '2.' 26' 
2.10 
2.05 


1.85 
1.85 
1.80 
1.80 

1.75 
1.75 

"i.'75' 
1.72 

1.70 
1.70 
1.70 
1.65 
1.62 

1.56 
1.53 
1.50 
1.50 
1.50 
1.50 


1 40 


13 


1.38 


14 


2.10 




1.38 


15 




6.45 

6.65 
6.87 
7.05 
7.20 
7.32 

' '7.' 25' 
7.33 
7.35 
7.42 

7.48 
7.55 




16 


.65 
.65 
.65 
.75 

.85 

.90 


' "2.' 66' 

1.90 

"i'.io 


1.78 

"i.'ss' 

2.05 
2.20 

2.28 
2.48 
2.58 


1 40 


7 


1 45 


S 


1 50 


9 


1 60 


20 


1 60 


!1 


1.65 


!2 


2.25 
2.47 
2.60 
2.60 

2.60 
2.60 


"i'.ii' 




J3 


1.00 
1.05 
1.05 

1.10 
1.10 
1.10 


1 80 


J4 


1 88 


25 


1.72 


2.65 

2.68 
2.68 
2.70 
2.82 
3.00 


1 90 


!6 


1 90 


>7 


1 88 


!8 


1.88 


>9 


2.60 
2.60 
2.60 


1.72 


7.55 
7.30 


"5.' 96" 
5.95 







1.10 
1.15 


1 90 


1 





a Gage height to top of ice. 



18 



SUEFACE WATERS OF VERMONT. 



Daily gage height, in feet, of Lake Champlain at Burlington, Vt., for the years ending 
Sept. SO, 1907-1916— QontiuuQd. 



Day. 


Oct. 


Nov. 


Dec. 


Jan. 


Feb. 


Mar. 


Apr. 


May. 


June. 


July. 


Aug. 


Sept. 


1912-13. 
1 


1.90 
1.90 

1.88 
1.88 
1.88 


2.38 
2.35 

"2.'35' 
2.40 

2.40 
2.40 
2.70 
3.00 

3.20 
3.22 
3.30 
.3.35 
3.40 

3.50 
3.50 

3.48 
3.45 
3.40 

3.40 
3.40 
3.40 
3.60 
3.58 

3.42 
3.40 
3.20 
3.10 
3.00 

.80 

'".'so" 

.80 

.78 

.78 
.80 
.80 

■".'so' 

.82 
.82 
.85 
.85 
.85 

"".'87' 
.87 
.90 
.90 

.92 
.92 

'".'92' 


2.90 
2.90 
2.90 
2.90 
2.90 

3.00 
3.03 

"3.' 65' 
3.00 

2.97 
2.98 
2.95 
2.95 
2.93 

2.90 
2.90 
2.90 
2.90 
2.90 

2.90 

"2.' 95' 
2.98 
2.98 

2.95 
2.93 
2.93 

' '2." 96' 
2.90 

1.05 
1.05 
1.08 
1.10 
1.10 

1.15 

"i.'is' 

1.18 
1.20 

1.20 
1.20 
1.20 

"i'.m 

1.20 
1.22 
1.22 
1.25 
1.25 

"i.'25' 
1.28 
1.30 


"3.' 66' 

3.10 
3.12 


4.35 




j 7.80 

1 7.85 

1 7.90 

8.00 

8.10 


5.62 
5.59 
5.55 

"s.'ss' 

5.25 
5.08 
4.98 
4.85 
4.72 

"4.' 54' 

4.48 
4.43 
4.38 

4.26 
4.20 

"4.' 66' 

3.88 

3.88 
3.83 
3.78 
3.75 

3.72 
3.72 
3.75 
3.85 

"3.' 96' 

7.50 

7.45 

"7.' 36' 
7.28 

7.24 
7.18 
7.12 
7.05 

6.95 
6.88 
6.78 
6.60 
6.55 

6.50 

"6.'36' 
6.08 

5.82 

5.72 
5.60 
5.50 

" "5. 2S' 

5.16 
5.08 
4.90 
4.75 
4.60 


"3.' 87' 
3.82 
3.82 
3.80 

3.80 
3.80 

"3.' 78' 
3.65 

3.58 
3.54 
3.52 
3.47 

3.39 
3.18 
3.10 
3.02 
2.95 

2.90 

"2.' 86' 
2.76 
2.75 

2.75 
2.75 
2.68 

' '2.".56" 

4.50 
4.38 
4.29 
4.22 
4.16 

4.02 

"3.' 96" 
3.78 
3.65 

.3.60 
3.55 
3.48 

"s.'so' 

3.22 
3.15 
3.03 
2.90 

2.78 

' 'i'es' 

2.65 
2.62 
2.58 

2.55 
2. .55 

' '2." 55' 
2.52 


2.52 
2.43 
2.40 
2.38 
2.38 

"2.'35' 
2.32 
2.32 

2.28 

2.25 
2.22 

"2.' 26' 
2.10 

2.07 
2.04 
1.98 
1.90 

1.82 
1.80 
1.70 
1.70 
1.65 

1.62 

"i.'eo" 

1..54 
1.54 
1.52 

2.52 
2.50 
2. .50 

"2.' 43 

2.43 
2.38 
2.38 
2.32 
2.30 

2.30 

"2.' 24' 
2.22 
2.18 

2.16 
2.16 
2.16 

"2." is' 

2.13 
2.12 
2.12 
1.94 

1.72 
1.61 
1.60 
1.59 


1.48 
1.48 

"i."43' 
1.40 

1.38 
1.28 
1.28 
1.23 

1.23 
1.20 
1.20 
1.18 
1.16 

1.11 

" 'i.'og' 

1.28 
1.23 

1.22 
1.18 
1.10 

"i.'68' 

1.05 
1.00 
1.00 
.98 
.90 


0.83 
72 


2 


3.. 


4.28 
4.20 




70 


4 


70 


5 


68 


6 . . .. 


3.25 
3.25 
3.20 
3.20 
3.20 

3.20 






65 


7 


1.85 
1.85 
1.80 
1.80 

1.78 
1.75 


4.00 
3.95 




8.20 
8.10 
8.05 
7.90 

7.70 

7.65 

"7.' 52' 
7.40 

7.20 
7.20 
7.13 
7.00 

6.80 
6.70 
6.52 
6.48 
6.38 

6.28 

"6.05' 
6.95 

5.78 

3.52 
3.80 
4.00 
4.12 

4.21 
4.26 
4.34 
4.55 
4.90 

4.99 




S 


65 


9 . . .. 


60 


10 


3.90 




60 


11 


58 


12 






.56 


13 


3.33 
3.40 
3.40 

3.42 
3.50 
3.60 






50 


14. 


1.75 
1.70 

1.70 
1.70 
1.70 
1.70 




15 




3.50 


50 


16 


.50 


17 

18 

19 




4.10 
4.15 
4.25 
4.40 

4.45 
4.63 


.50 
..50 
.50 


20 


4.10 

4.25 
4.35 
4.40 
4.60 




.50 


21 

22 

23 


1.70 
1.70 

1.80 
1.85 
1.92 

2.28 


""."56 
.50 


24 




4.85 
5.15 

6.65 
6.48 
7.20 
7.56 


.50 


25 


.50 


26 






.50 


27 






.50 


28 


2.50 
2.45 
2.42 
2.40 

.60 
.50 

.55 










4.60 
4.50 
4.40 




.50 


30 


..50 


31 




7.64 




1913-14. 
1 


1.55 

'^48' 
1.48 
1.47 

1.43 
1.42 
1.42 

"i.'37" 

1.36 
1.36 
1.33 
1.32 
1.32 

""i.'29' 
1.26 
1.21 
1.17 

1.16 
1.12 

' 'i.'os' 

1.06 

1.03 
1.00 
1.00 
1.00 


1.03 


2 


1.32 
1.32 

' 'i.'28' 

1.28 
1.25 
1.25 
1.25 
1.22 


i.i? 

1.17 
1.15 
1.15 

l.lO 
1.05 


"i.'es' 


1.05 


3 


1.05 




1.08 


5 


.60 

.63 
.65 
.65 
.65 
.63 

.62 


1.10 


6 




7..: 


1.10 


8 


1.08 






1.80 


1.06 


10 


1.06 


11 






1.04 


12 


1.22 
1.20 
1.20 
1.20 






1.03 


13 


.60 
.60 

.60 

.62 
.62 
.63 






5.13 
5.18 
6.20 

5.24 
6.32 
6.38 




14 






1.00 


15 






1.00 


16 




1.68 

1.80 


1.00 


17 


1.20 




.96 


18 


.95 


19 


1.19 
1.19 

1.18 
1.18 
1.18 
1.18 






.90 


20 


.65 

.65 
.65 
.65 
.65 
.65 




2.10 


6.74 

6.35 
6.73 
6.98 
6.98 
6.95 

"7.' 65' 
7.10 
7.20 
7.35 




21 


.87 


22 






.87 


23 






.87 


24 




2.17 


.85 


25 


.85 


26 


.95 
.95 
.98 
1.00 


1.30 
1.30 

"i.'32' 
1.32 
1.32 


1.17' 

1.17 

1.17 

1.17 

1.18 

1.18 




2.22 
2.30 
2.60 1 

"3.i2' 
3.40 ' 


.85 


27 


.70 
.75 
.80 
.80 
,80 




28 


.83 


29 


.82 




.82 


31 




i.63 





LAKK OHAMPLAIN DRAINAGE BASIN, 



19 



Daily gage height, in feet, of Lake Champlain at Burlington, Vt., for the years evAing 
Sept. SO, 1907-1916--Contm\ied. 



Day. 


Oct. 


Nov. 


Dec. 


Jan. 


Feb. 


Mar. 


Apr. 


May. 


June. 


July. 


Aug. 


Sept. 


1914-15. 
I 


0.82 

.82 
.82 


"6.'57" 
.57 
.56 
.56 

.56 
.56 
.55 
.55 
.54 

.54 
.53 
.53 
.52 

.50 
.50 
.50 
.55 
.57 

.63 

"".'76" 

.78 
.78 

.78 
.78 
.83 

"'".'85' 


0.85 
.87 
.88 
.90 
.90 


0.87 






2.85 
2.80 
2.78 


3.35 

' '3.' 32' 
3.30 
3.26 

3.20 
3.18 
3.12 

"3.' 06' 

3.04 
3.01 
2.95 
2.91 

2.87 

"2.' 80' 
2.73 
2.69 
2.64 

2.60 
2.56 

"2." 56' 
2.50 

2.50 
2.43 
2.38 
2.35 

"2.' 36' 

5.60 
5.52 
5.48 
5.42 
5.38 

5.33 

"5.' 26' 
5.09 

4.98 

4.93 

4.87 
4.80 

" "4." 60' 

4.50 
4.55 
4.70 
4.88 
4.90 

"4." 83" 
4.80 
4.80 
4.74 

4.68 
4.62 

"'142' 
4.40 

4.48 


2.28 
2.25 
2.23 
2.19 
2.11 

" "2." 63" 
1.95 
1.90 
1.85 

1.82 
1.82 

"i'.sb' 

1.80 

1.78 
1.78 
1.75 
1.74 

1.72 
1.70 
1.70 
1.69 
1.68 

1.65 

""i."56" 
1.52 
1.45 

4.55 
4.55 
4.52 

" "4." 43" 

4.37 
4.30 
4.23 
4.20 
4.15 

""4." 08" 
4.08 
4.03 
3.96 

3.94 
3.91 

""3." 87" 
3.85 

3.85 
3.84 
3.83 
3.83 

3.80 
3.79 
3.77 
3.76 
3.75 


1.49 
1.47 
1.43 

"i.i'l 

1.40 
1.40 
1.38 
1.54 
1.59 

"'i.'es' 

1.70 
1.70 
1.70 

1.68 
1.66 

""i."7i" 

1.74 

1.78 
1.76 
1.72 
1.70 

1.66 
1.65 
1.61 
1.66 
1.64 
1.63 

3.75 

""3."7S" 
3.69 
3.67 

3.62 
3.58 
3.55 

"'3." 47" 

3.43 
3.35 
3.27 
3.18 
3.13 

""3.' 64" 
2.98 
2.94 
2.90 

2.87 
2.85 

""2." 76" 
2.73 

2.71 
2.68 
2.63 
2.55 

""2." 43" 


'"i."59" 
1.57 
1.55 
1.54 

1.52 
1.51 

'"i."48" 
1.47 

1.47 
1.45 
1.45 
1.45 

1.43 
1.43 
1.43 
1.42 
1.42 

1.40 

""i."38" 
1.35 
1.35 

1.33 
1.32 
1.30 

""i."27" 
1.25 

2.40 
2.35 
2.31 
2.25 
2.17 

""2."i4" 
2.13 
2.12 
2.10 

2.10 
2.08 

" "2." 63" 
2.00 

1.96 
1.96 
1.93 

1.87 

1.82 
1.80 
1.83 
1.82 
1.81 

1.80 
1.75 
1.70 
1.65 
1.60 
1.55 


1.25 


2 . .. 






1.25 


3 








1.25 


4 


.83 






1.25 


5 


.80 

.80 
.79 
.79 
.76 
.75 






2.75 

2.72 
2.72 
2.74 
2.75 
2.80 




g 








1.18 


7 


1.00 
1.00 
1.02 
1.02 

1.04 
1.04 

""i.'os" 

1.10 

1.10 
1.08 
1.05 
1.04 


.79 
.79 
.79 






1.15 


8 


1.35 


3.40 


1.12 


9 


1.11 


10 






1.10 


11 


.80 

.83 
.84 
.84 
.87 

.87 

"'".'93' 
1.18 






1.10 


12 


.70 
.67 
.67 
.65 

.65 
.63 






3.18 
3.45 
3.63 
3.64 

3.65 
3.65 




13 






1.09 


It 






1.09 


15 


"i.'ra" 


3.45 



1.09 


16. 






1.09 


18 


1.09 




.68 
.70 

.70 

.72 
.72 

.72 






3.68 
3.70 

3.64 
3.60 
3.58 
3.55 




20 






1.10 


21 


1.02 
1.00 
1.00 
.97 








1.10 










1.10 


23. 




1.88 
1.98 
2.28 


2.90 


1.10 


24 


1.10 


25 


1.10 


26 


.67 
.66 
.64 
.60 
.58 


.94 




2.96 


3.50 
3.46 
3.40 
3.38 
3.38 










98 


28 


.89 

.88 
.87 
.87 

.83 
.83 
.87 
.90 

.94 
.94 
.96 
.97 
.97 

1.02 








.92 


29 








86 


30 








.83 












1915-16. 
1 


.78 
.75 


.68 
.68 
.68 
.67 
.67 

.67 

.66 
.65 

.65 
.65 
.65 

""'."67" 

.67 
.67 
.68 
.68 
.69 

■■■■-■ 

.73 

.78 
.78 

.78 
.78 

"'"."si" 

.81 


""i."62' 
1.68 
1.71 


3.08 
3.30 




3.85 


1.53 




1.50 


3 




4.62 
4.80 
4.90 

5.00 
5.03 
5.10 


1 47 


4 


.73 
.80 

.90 
.90 

.88 
.88 




3.30 


1.44 


5 


1 41 


6 






1 38 


7 




3.30 




1. 35 


8 


1.31 










1.28 


10 


1.85 






5.15 

5.15 
5.18 
5.19 
5.22 
5.32 


1.25 


11 


.85 
.85 
.82 
.80 
.78_ 

.78 






1.23 










1.20 


13 


1.08 
1.11 
1.12 

1.15 
1.15 
1.18 








1.20 


14 






3.18 


1.20 


15 






1.20 


16 








1.20 




2.00 






5.33 
5.40 


1 20 


18 


.75 
.75 
.80 

.80 

.78 
.77 




3.05 


1.20 


19... 






1 20 


20 


1.20 

1.20 
1.22 
1.22 
1.25 

"'i."28" 
1.30 
1.30 
1.45 
1.60 






2.93 


5.44 

5.45 
5.45 


1 20 


21 






1 20 


22 








1.20 


23 








1 23 


24 


2.05 
2.10 

2.20 
2.30 
2.45 
2.60 






5.60 
5.65 

5.68 
5.75 
5.72 
5.68 




25 


.73 

.71 
.71 
.70 
.69 
.69 




2.80 


1 25 


26 


1 18 


27 




2.60 
2.65 


1 10 


28 


1 13 


29 


1.18 


30 




3.05 
3.48 


1 20 


31 


2.95 















20 



SURFACE WATEKS OF VERMONT. 



LAKE CHAMPLAIN OUTLET (RICHELIEU RIVER) AT CHAMBLY, PROVINCE OF 

QUEBEC. 

Measuring points.— Elevation of water euiiace recorded at Fort Montgomery, near 
Rouses Point, N. Y., and at Burlington, Vt. Discharge computed at the dam 
at Chambly, Province of Quebec. 

Drainage area. — 8,130 square miles above outlet; 8,440 square miles above dam 
at Chambly, Province of Quebec (place of measurement), including 436 square 
miles of water surface. 

Records available. — ^January 1, 1875, to September 30, 1916. 

Gages. — ^Reference points on the base of the scari> -wall at Fort Montgomery and on 
a flagstone in a well within the fort inclosure. Staff gage at dock of Champlain 
Transportation Co. at Burlington. Both gages are referred to a datum 92.-5 feet 
above mean sea level. 

Determination of discharge. — Observations of depth and discharge at the Chambly 
dam were made in 1898 by the United States Board of Engineers on Deep Water- 
ways. A discharge rating curve has been constructed from the observations at 
the Chambly dam referred to the gages at Fort Mongtomery and Burlington. 

Extremes op stage. — ^Maximum stage: From observations at St. Johns, Province of 
Quebec, in April, 1869, the computed elevation of water surface in Lake Cham- 
plain was 103.28 feet above mean sea level (flow at Chambly not determined); 
minimum stage, 91.9 feet above mean sea level at the Fort Montgomery gage, 
November 13, 1908 (flow not determined). 

Ice. — ^The effect of the ice cover at the outlet of the lake on the discharge rating 
cm've is unknown but is probably small. Open water rating cm've used in 
determining discharge throughout the year. 

Accuracy. — Comparison with run-off records on tributary streams and with rainfall 
records in the basin indicates that the determinations of monthly discharge may 
be considered fair, but it should be noted that several months may elapse between 
heavy precipitation and high stages in streams in the upper basin and the corre- 
sponding increase in the run-off at the outlet of Lake Champlain. Records of 
precipitation at Burlington, Vt., are given for purposes of comparison only, as 
they are not considered fairly representative of the average rainfall over the 
Champlain basin; the precipitation is much greater near the headwaters of 
the tributary drainage basins than at Burlington or other places along the lake. 

Monthly discharge of Lake Champlain outlet (Richelieu River) at Chamhly, Province of 
Quebec, for the years ending Sept. SO, 1875-1916. 

[Drainage area, 8,440 square miles.] 





Discharge in 
second- feet. 


Run-off 
(depth in 
inches on 
drainage 
area). 


Precipi- 
tation in 
inches at 
Burling- 
ton, Vt. 


Month. 


Discharge in 
second-feet. 


Run-off 
(depth in 
inches on 
drainage 
area). 


Precipi- 
tation in 


Month. 


Mean. 


Per 
square 
mile. 


Mean. 


Per 
square 
mile. 


inches at 
BurUng- 
ton, Vt. 


1875. 

January 

February 

March 

April 

May 


5, 800 
5,000 
8,700 
19,200 
21, 500 
15,900 
11,700 
9,500 
8,200 


0.687 
.699 
1.03 
2.27 
2.55 
1.88. 
1.39 
1.13 
.972 

1.40 


0.79 
.73 
1.19 
2.53 
2.94 
2.10 
L60 
L30 
1.08 

14.26 


1.26 
.86 
1.12 
1.38 
3.56 
3.00 
2.73 
2.84 
4.56 

21.31 


1875-76. 
October..... 
NoA^ember. . . 
December... 

.lanuary 

February 

March 

April 

Mav 


9,300 
12,300 
11,300 
14,400 
13,900 
16,100 
22,700 
30,400 
20,700 
13,900 
9,400 
6,600 


1.10 
1.46 
1.34 
1.71 
1.65 
1.91 
2.69 
3.60 
2.45 
1.65 
1.11 
.782 


L27 
1.63 
L54 
1.97 
1.7S 
2.20 
3.00 
4.15 
2.73 
1.90 
1.28 
.87 


3.54 
L34 
.75 
1.60 
1.31 


June 

JrJy 


3.11 
2.38 


August 


2.30 


September... 


.Tune 

Tuly 


2.91 
2.49 


The period 


11, 800 


August 

September. . . 

The year. . 


2.66 

4.82 














1.5, 100 


1.79 


24.32 


29.21 



LAKE CHAIVIPLAIJS' DKAIJNAGE BASlJN . 



21 



Monthly discharge of Lake Champlain outlet {Richelieu River) at Chambly, Province of 
Quebec, for the years ending Sept. 30, 1875-1916 — Continued. 



Month. 



1876-77. 

October 

N ovember. . 
December . . 

January 

February. . . 

March 

April 

May 

.Tune 

July 

Aueust 

September.. 

The year. 

■ 1877-78. 

October 

November. . 
December.. 

January 

February. . . 

March 

April 

May 

June 

3uly 

Auirust 

September.. 

The year . 

1878-79. 

October 

November. . 
December . . 

January 

February. . . 

March 

April 



June 

July 

August 

September.. 

The year. 

1879-80. 

October 

November. . 
December . . 

January 

February. . . 

March 

April 

May 

June 

July 

Aus:ust 

September. . 

The year. 

1880-81. 

October 

November. . 
December.. 

January 

February. . . 

March 

April 

May 

June 

July 

August 

September.. 

The year. 



Discharge in 
second-feet. 



Mean. 



6,000 
5,700 
5,000 
4,900 
5,200 
8,300 
19, 100 
17, 200 
11, 700 
10, 900 
10, 100 
8,600 



9,370 



8,100 
10, 900 
12, 300 
10, 400 

8,700 
12, 000 
19,300 
21,200 
13, 800 
10, 100 
Vi, 100 
12,700 

12, 700 



14,000 



5,600 

6,100 

11,000 

11,300 

14, 000 

15,900 

17,100 

15, 800 

11,400 

8,500 

6,300 

4,400 



10, 600 



3,800 
9,100 
8,300 
6,900 
8,200 
13,900 
15, 500 
20, 300 
14,500 
10,100 
8,000 
6,500 

10, 500 



Per 
square 
mile. 



0.711 

.675 

.592 

.581 

.616 

983 

2.26 

2.04 

1.39 

1.29 

1.20 

1.02 



1.11 



.960 
1.29 
1.46 
1.23 
1.03 
1.42 
2.29 
2.51 
1.64 
1.20 
1.55 
1.50 



1.51 



1.02 
1.10 
2.11 
1.75 
1.50 
1.64 
2.30 
3.20 
1.97 
1.42 
1.05 



.664 

.723 

1.30 

1.34 

1.66 

1.88 

2.03 

1.87 

1.35 

1.01 

.746 

.521 



1.26 



.450 



.818 
.972 
1.65 
1.84 
2.41 
1.72 
1.20 
.948 
.770 



Run-off 
(depth in 
inches on 
drainage 



0.82 
.75 
.68 
.67 
.64 
1.13 
2.52 
2.35 
1.55 
1.49 
1.38 
1.14 



15.12 



1.11 
1.44 
1.68 
1.42 
1.07 
1.64 
2.56 
2.89 
1.83 
1.38 
1.79 
1.67 



?0.4S 



1.18 
1.23 
2.43 
2.02 
1.56 
1.89 
2. .57 
3.69 
2.20 
1.64 
1.21 
.90 



22.52 



.77 
.81 
1.50 
1.55 
1.79 
2.17 
2.26 
2.16 
1.51 
1.16 
.86 
.58 



17.12 



.52 
1.20 
1.13 

.94 
1.01 
1.90 
2.05 
2.78 
1.92 
1.38 
1.09 

.86 

16.78 



Precipi- 
tation in 
inches at 
BurUng- 
ton, Vt. 



0.92 
1.51 
1.52 
1.43 

.32 
2.52 
2.53 

.95 
3.11 
4.06 
4.74 
3.45 



27.06 



6.33 
2.21 
1.46 
7.52 
.79 
1.65 
3.06 
3.05 
2.49 
5.18 
5.18 
1.13 



40. Ho 



4.78 

3.38 

3.24 

.78 

1.11 

1.45 

.97 

.38 

4.62 

2.71 

2.39 

2.82 



28.53 



1.36 
3.56 
2.22 
1.87 
.62 
.97 
1.73 
1.46 
1.33 
2.30 
2.26 
3.26 



22.94 



6.22 

2.57 

.62 

.88 

1.79 

1.56 

.62 

2.27 

7.89 

2.22 

2.69 

2.34 

31.67 



Month. 



1881-82. 

October 

November. . 
December.. 

January 

February. . . 

March 

April 

May 

June 

July 

August 

September. . 

The year. 

1882-83. 

October 

November. . 
December.. 

January 

February. . . 

March 

April 

May 

Jtme 

July 

August 

September. . 

The year . 

1883-84. 

October 

November. . 
December . . 

January 

February. . . 

March 

April 



June 

July 

August 

September. . 

The year. 

1884-85. 

October 

November. . 
December.. 

January 

February. . . 

March 

April 

May 

June 

July 

August 

September.. 

The year. 

1885-86. 

October 

November. . 
December.. 

January 

February. . . 

March 

April 



June 

July 

August 

September. 

The year.. 



Discharge in 
second-feet. 



Mean. 



5,400 
6,900 
8,500 
12, 100 
11,500 
16, 800 
15, 600 
14, 700 
17, 200 
13, 800 
9,700 
7,600 



11,600 



7,200 
5,500 
4,400 
4,000 
5,000 
6,800 
17, 800 
21,800 
17,700 
13, 500 
9,700 
6,300 



,960 



4,700 

4,700 

4,900 

6,300 

8,700 

14, 900 

25, 300 

23,400 

16, 100 

10, 300 

8,900 

5,500 



11,000 



5,000 
5,700 
8,300 
11,400 
11,200 
9,900 
19,600 
24,900 
15, 300 
11,600 
9,600 
9,700 



11,800 



6,000 
16, 800 
16, 700 
17,000 
16,000 
15,400 
22,900 
19, 200 
13,900 
10,300 
8,100 
6,200 

14,000 



Per 
square 
nule. 



0.640 
.818 
1.01 
1.43 
1.36 
1.99 
1.85 
1.74 
2.04 
1.64 
1.15 
.900 



1.38 



.853 

.652 

.521 

.474 

.592 

.806 

2.11 

2.58 

2.10 

1.60 

1.15 

.746 



1.18 



.557 
.657 
.581 
.628 
1.03 
1.77 
3.00 
2.77 
1.91 
1.22 
1.05 
.652 



1.31 



..592 
.675 
.983 
1.35 
1..33 
1.18 
2.32 
2.95 
1.81 
1.37 
1.14 
1.15 



1.40 



.711 
1.99 
1.98 
2.01 
1.90 
1.82 
2.71 
2.27 
1.65 
1.22 
.960 
.735 



Run-off 
(depth in 
inches on 
drainage 
area). 



0.74 
.91 
1.16 
1.65 
1.42 
2.29 
2.06 
2.01 
2.28 
1.89 
1.33 
1.00 



18.74 



.73 

.60 

.66 

.62 

.93 

2.35 

2.97 

2.34 

1.84 

1.33 

.83 



16.07 



.64 

.62 

.67 

.72 

1.11 

2.04 

3.35 

3.19 

2.13 

1.41 

1.21 

.73 



17.82 



.75 
1.13 
1.56 
l.,3S 
1.36 
2.59 
3.40 
2.02 
1.58 
1.31 
1.28 



19.04 



.82 
2.22 
2.28 
2.32 
1.98 
2.10 
3.02 
2.62 
1.84 
1.41 
1.11 

.82 

22.54 



Precipi- 
tation in 
inches at 
BurUng- 
ton, Vt. 



1.54 
1.30 
1.89 
.44 
1.10 
2.34 
1.23 
2.00 
3.17 
2.37 
3.49 
6.22 



26.09 



1.21 
1.47 
1.60 
.93 
1.07 
1.15 
1.37 
3.67 
4.69 
3.15 
3.68 
3. .33 



27.32 



3.27 
1.59 
1.44 
2.14 
2.68 
2.89 
1.92 
3.60 
1.36 
2.95 
3.24 
3.22 



30.30 



3.82 
2.95 
2.60 
2.36 
1.40 
.86 
2.53 
2.48 
2.52 
3.80 
3.41 
3.50 



32.23 



4.77 
3.94 
2.07 
1.68 
1.06 
1.33 
1.68 
2.61 
1.98 
3.94 
3.23 
3.73 

32.01 



22 



SURFACE WATERS OE VERMONT. 



Monthly discharge of Lake Champlain outlet {Richelieu River) at Chambly, Province of 
Quebec, for the years ending Sept. 30, 1875-1916— C^ontinued. 



Month. 



1886-87. 

October 

November. . . 

December 

January 

February 

March 

April 

May 

June 

July 

August 

September... 

The year. . 

1887-88. 

October 

November. . - 
December... 

January 

February 

March 

April 

May 

June 

July 

August 

September... 

The year.. 

1888-89. 

October 

November. . . 
December . . . 

January 

February 

March 

April 

May 

June 

July 

August 

September... 

The year. . 

1889-90. 

October 

November. . . 
December . . . 

January 

February 

March 

April 

May 

June 

July 

August 

September... 

The year.. 

1890-91. 

October 

November. . . 
December... 

January 

February 

March 

April 

May 

Tune 

July 

August 

September,.. 

The year.. 



Discharge in 
second-feet. 



Mean. 



6,200 
8,400 
13, 100 
10,700 
15,000 
13,100 
23, 600 
29,000 
19,500 
13,400 
9,900 
7,400 



14, 100 



5,300 
5,000 
9.700 
10,600 
10,900 
12,900 
23,900 
30,200 
19,700 
12,900 
9,200 
9,900 



13,300 



11,700 
15,200 
16,200 
19,300 
16,200 
14,300 
20. 200 
19,000 
17,500 
15,300 
12,900 
9,600 

15, 700 



11,400 
12,000 
14,900 
13,900 
16,000 
18,800 
20,800 
25,500 
26,200 
14,000 
9,700 
11,200 



16, 400 



Per 
square 
mile. 



0.735 
1.00 
1.55 
1.27 
1.78 
1.55 
2.80 
3.44 
2.31 
1.59 
1.17 
.877 



1.67 



.592 
1.15 
1.26 
1.29 
1.53 
2.83 
3.58 
2.33 
1.53 
1.09 
1.17 



1.58 



1.39 
1.80 
1.92 
2.29 
1.92 
1.69 
2.39 
2.32 
2.07 
1.81 
1.53 
1.14 



1.8f 



1.35 
1.42 
1.77 
1.65 
1.90 
2.23 
2.46 
3.02 
3.10 
1.66 
1.15 
1.68 



1.95 

1.64 
1.68 
1.58 
1.50 
1.90 
2.77 
3.39 
2.74 
1.68 
1.17 
.972 
.865 



1.82 



Run-off 
(depth in 
inches on 
drainage 
area). 



0.85 
1.12 
1.79 
1.46 
1.85 
1.79 
3.12 
3.97 
2.58 
1.83 
1.35 



22.69 



.72 
.66 
1.33 
1.45 
1.39 
1.76 
3.16 
4.13 
2.60 
1.76 
1.26 
1.30 



21.52 



1.60 
2.01 
2.21 
2.64 
2.00 
1.95 
2.67 
2.68 
2.31 
2.09 
1.76 
1.27 



25.19 



1.56 
1.58 
2.04 
1.90 
1.98 
2.57 
2.74 
3.48 
3.46 
1.91 
1.33 
1.87 



26.42 

1.89 
1.87 
1.82 
1.73 
1.98 
3.19 
3.78 
3.16 
1.87 
1.35 
1.12 
.97 



24.73 



Precipi- 
tation in 
inches at 
BurUng- 
ton, Vt. 



1.25 
4.29 
1.70 
1.87 
1.67 
1.87 
2.21 
2.00 
4.38 
2.22 
2.80 
2.01 



28.27 



1.99 
4.67 
3.44 
1.06 
.79 
3.71 
1.93 
3.26 
3.95 
1.47 
4.10 
5.68 



36.05 



3.94 
3.60 
1.63 
3.57 
1.59 
2.35 
1.51 
4.28 
6.26 
4.09 
2.48 
4.82 



40.12 



37.95 

2.02 
2.31 
1.90 
2.85 
1.01 
1.70 
2.77 
2.16 
1.48 
3.48 
3.25 
2.44 

27.37 



Month. 



1891-92. 

October 

November.. 
December.. 

January 

February. . . 

March 

April 

May 

June 

July 

Au£!ust 

September.. 

The year., 

1892-93. 

October 

November. . 
December . . 

.January 

February. . . 

March 

April 

May 

Julie 

July 

August 

September.. 

The year.. 

1893-94. 

October 

November . . 
December . . 

January 

February. . . . 

March 

AprU 

May 

June 

July 

August 

September... 

The year.. 

1894-95. 

October 

November. . . 
December . . . 

January 

February 

March 

April 

May 

June 

July 

August 

September... 

The year.. 

1895-96. 
October. .... 
November. . . 
December . . . 

January 

February 

March 

April 

May 

June 

July 

August 

September... 

The year.. 



Discharge in 
second-feet. 



Mean. 



5,400 
6,000 
7,200 
13,400 
12,700 
11,300 
20,000 
17,300 
19,100 
23,900 
18, 700 
15,300 



14, 100 



11,800 



8,500 
6,600 
6,700 
9,900 
10,100 
10,200 
17, 300 
14,900 
12,800 
9,800 
6,900 
5,300 



10, 400 



5,200 
6,900 
7,100 
7,800 
7.400 
7,600 
17,600 
21,300 
14,200 
9,400 
7,600 
7,200 

9,950 



5.400 
6,700 
12,500 
14,800 
11, 8O0 
18,000 
30,500 
24,900 
14,100 
10,300 
7,900 
6,100 

13,600 



Per 
square 
mile. 



0.640 
.592 
.853 
1.59 
1.50 
1.34 
2.37 
2.05 
2.26 
2.83 
2.22 
1.81 



l.fi7 



1.23 
1.30 
1.30 
1.00 

.936 
1.15 
1.92 
2.57 
1.87 
1.16 

.9^8 
1.40 



1.40 



1.01 
.782 
.794 
1.17 
1.20 
1.92 
2.05 
1.77 
1.52 
1.16 
.818 
.628 



1.23 



.616 

.818 

.841 

.921 

.877 

.900 

2.09 

2.52 

1.68 

1.11 

.900 

.853 

I.IS 



.640 

.794 

1.48 

1.75 

1.40 

2.13 

3.61 

2.95 

1.67 

1.22 

.936 

.723 



1.61 



Run-off 
(depth in 
inches on 
drainage 
area). 



0.74 
.66 
.98 
1.83 
1.62 
1.54 
2.64 
2.36 
2.52 
3.26 
2. ,56 
2.02 



22.73 



1.42 
1.45 
1..50 
1.15 
.97 
1.33 
2.14 
2.96 
2.09 
1.34 
1.09 
1.56 



19.00 



1.16 

.87 

.91 

1.35 

1.25 

2.21 

2.29 

2.04 

1.70 

1.34 

.94 

.70 



10.76 



.71 

.91 

.97 

1.07 

.91 

1.04 

2.33 

2.90 

1.87 

1.28 

1.04 

.95 



15.98 



.74 
.89 
1.71 
2.02 
1.51 
2.46 
4.03 
3.40 
1.86 
1.41 
1.08 
.81 



21.92 



Precipi- 
tation in 
inches at 
BurUng- 
ton, Vt. 



3.02 
2.73 
2.23 
2.76 
1.67 
.92 
1.02 
4.28 
6.72 
7.66 
8.36 
3.22 



44.59 



1.35 
3.28 
1.00 

.70 
1.24 

.52 
1.70 
3.17 
1.73 
3.74 
8.31 
2.45 

29.19 



1.72 
1.41 
2.35 
1.30 

.99 
1.31 

.86 
3.54 
1.45 
1.57 
1.49 
2.88 



20.87 



3.59 
1.96 
2.02 
1.31 
1.16 
.77 
1.65 
3.79 
2.78 
2.46 
4.84 
3.64 

29.97 



.23 
4.32 
1.74 

.63 
1.94 
3.54 

.60 
1.25 
3.13 
3.83 
4.09 
3.59 



28.89 



LAKE CHAMI'LAIN DKAIJMAGE BASIJS^ 



23 



Monthly discharge of Lake Ghamplain outlet (Richelieu River) at Chambly, Province of 
Quebec, for the years ending Sept. 30, 1875-1916— Contmued. 



Month. 



1896-97. 

October 

November. . 
December . . 

January 

February. . . 

March 

April 

May 

June 

July 

August 

September.. 



The year.. 

1897-98. 

October 

November. . . 
December... 

January 

February 

March 

April 

Alay 

June 

July 

August 

September... 

The year.. 

1898-99. 

October 

November. . . 
December . . . 

January 

February 

March 

April 

May 

June 

July 

August 

September... 

The year . . 

1899-1900. 

October 

November. . . 
December . . . 

January 

February 

March 

April 

May 

June 

July 

August 

September... 

The year . . 

1900-1901. 

October 

November. . . 
December... 

January 

February. . . 

March 

April 

May 

June 

July 

August 

September.. 



The year.. 14,300 



Discharge in 
second-feet. 



Mean. 



6,500 
9,100 
9,700 
S, 300 
7,900 
10,600 
21,600 
24,800 
21,900 
19,300 
18,400 
12,300 

14,300 



8, 500 

9,800 

15, 400 

14,400 

14,900 

22,900 

24,500 

IS, 600 

13,800 

9.800 

7,400 

6,500 



13,800 



8,700 
10, .300 
9,600 
10,600 
9,620 
13,300 
21,700 
24,600 
13,900 
9,620 
6,880 
5,170 



12, 000 

4,530 
8, 950 
11,400 
10,900 
14,500 
16,000 
22,200 
18,000 
18,800 
12,000 
9,300 
7,180 



12,800 



6,590 

8,040 
13,300 
11,900 

9,890 
10, 300 
30,700 
28,400 
20,900 
13,200 
10, 100 

7,600 



Per 
square 
mile. 



0.770 
1.08 
1.15 
.983 
.936 
1.26 
2.56 
2.94 
2.59 
2.29 
2.18 
1.46 



1. 



1.01 
1.16 
1.82 
1.71 
1.77 
2.71 
2.90 
2.20 
1.64 
1.16 
.877 
.770 



1.64 



1.03 
1.22 
1.14 
1.26 
1.14 
1.-58 
2.57 
2.91 
1.65 
1.14 
.815 
.613 



1.42 



.5.37 
1.06 
1.35 
1.29 
1.72 
1.90 
2.63 
2.13 
2.23 
1.42 
1.10 

.851 



1.52 



.781 
.953 
1.58 
1.41 
1.17 
1.22 
3.64 
3.36 
2.48 
1.56 
1.20 
.900 

1.69 



Run-off 
(depth in 
inches on 
drainage 



0.89 
1.20 
1.33 
1.13 
.97 
1.45 
2.86 
3.39 
2.89 
2.64 
2.51 
1.63 



22.89 



1.16 
1.29 
2.10 
1.97 
1.84 
3.12 
3.24 
2.54 
1.83 
1.34 
1.01 



22.30 



1.19 
1.36 
1.31 

1.45 
1.19 
1.82 
2.87 
3.36 
1.84 
1.31 
.94 



19.32 



.62 
1.18 
1.56 
1.49 
1.79 
2.19 
2.93 
2.46 
2.49 
1.64 
1.27 

.95 

20.57 



.90 
1.06 
1.82 
1.63 
1.22 
1.41 
4.06 
3.87 
2.77 
1.80 
1.38 
1.00 



22.92 



Precipi- 
tation in 
inches at 
Burling- 
ton, Vt. 



2.52 
2.43 
.83 
2.50 
1.08 
2.49 
4.01 
5.00 
5.63 
8.48 
4.08 
2.13 



41.18 



1..53 
4.41 
2.10 
2.60 
2.98 
1.04 
2.33 
2.14 
2.93 
1.51 
4.58 
5.01 



33.16 



4.01 
1.90 
.75 
1.12 
1.24 
4.12 
1.88 
2.01 
2.43 
5.37 
3.82 
6.38 



35.03 

2.81 
3.42 
2.65 
3.32 
2.17 
3.19 
.91 
2.45 
1.96 
2.73 
5.25 
3.20 



34.06 



34.53 



Month. 



1901-2. 

October 

November... 
December . . . 

.January 

February 

March 

April 

May 

June 

July 

August 

September... 

The year . . 

1902-3. 

October 

November... 
December... 

January 

February 

March 

April 

May 

June 

July 

August 

September... 

The year . . 

190.3-4. 

October 

November. . . 
December... 

January 

February 

March 

April 

May 

June 

July 

August 

September... 

The year . . 

1904-5. 

October 

November. . . 
December . . . 

January 

February 

March 

April 

May 

June 

July 

August 

September... 

The year . . 

1905-6. 

October 

November. . . 
December . . . 

January 

February 

March . .*. 

A nril 

May 

June 

July 

August 

September... 

The year.. 



Discharge in 
second-feet. 



Mean. 



10,800 
10,400 
11,200 
14,100 
29,400 
34,200 
17, 600 
11, 700 
10,800 
10, 200 
8,120 

14,800 



6,850 

6,670 

6, 240 

6,840 

7,310 

11,600 

23,100 

22,300 

15,600 

10,900 

8,080 

7,740 



11,100 



10, 300 

10,500 

7,800 

7,890 

7,610 

9,230 

22.. 300 

17, 500 

14,100 

15,500 

15,000 

14,600 



12, 700 



12, 400 
10, 100 
10,200 
12,000 
14,300 
13,200 
17, .'500 
19, 600 
17,200 
14.000 
10, 400 
8,070 



13, 200 



Per 
square 
mile. 



0.756 
.720 
1.24 
1.46 
1.29 
3.40 
3.71 
2.63 
2.13 
1.93 
1.58 
1.21 



1.86 



1.03 
1.28 
1.23 
1.33 
1.67 
3.48 
4.05 
2.09 
1.39 
1.28 
1.21 
.962 

1.75 



.812 
.790 
.739 
.810 
.866 
1.37 
2.74 
2.64 
1.85 
1.29 
.955 
.917 



1.31 



1.47 
1.20 
1.21 
1.42 
1.69 
1.56 
2.07 
2,32 
2.04 
1.66 
1.23 
.956 



1.57 



Rim-ofT 
(depth in 
inches on 
drainage 
area). 



0.87 
.80 
1.43 
1.68 
1.34 
3.92 
4.14 
3.03 
2.71 
2.22 
1.82 
1.35 



25.31 



1.19 
1.43 
1.42 
1.53 
1.74 
4.01 
4.52 
2.41 
1.55 
1.48 
1.40 
1.07 



23.75 



.94 

.88 

.85 

.93 

.93 

1.58 

3.06 

3.04 

2.06 

1.49 

1.10 

1.02 



17.88 



1.41 
1.38 
1.07 
1.08 
.94 
1.26 
2.94 
2.39 
1.86 
2.12 
2.05 
1.93 



20.43 



1.79 
1.34 
1.40 
1.64 
1.76 
1.80 
2.31 
2.68 
2.28 
1.91 
1.42 
1.07 



21.31 



Precipi- 
tation in 
inches at 
Burling- 
ton, Vt. 



2.88 
1.84 
3.69 
.66 
1.82 
2.82 
2.37 
4.46 
5.29 
6.23 
3.17 
3.68 



38.91 



4.95 
1.29 
1.62 
2.18 
1.92 
3.53 
1.63 
(a) 
4.92 
6.68 
4.02 
.80 



33.54 



4.55 
1.21 
1.42 
1.36 
.90 
1.00 
3.06 
2.99 
2.37 
4.19 
2.56 
5.84 



31.45 



3.29 
.52 
1.63 
1.28 
.75 
1.82 
2.15 
2.58 
4.70 
7.67 
3.98 
4.32 



34.69 



2.59 
1.38 
1.51 
1.00 
2.02 
1.75 
1.29 
2.83 
5.28 
2.33 
2.26 
3.59 

27.83 



a Trace. 



24 



BUBFAL'E VVATEBB OF VEifMOJS'T. 



Monthly dwcharge of Lake Champlain outlet (Richelieu River) at Chambly, Province of 
Quebec, for the years ending Sept. 30, 1875^1916— Oontinned. 





Discharge in 








Discharge in 








second-feet. 


Run-off 


Precipi- 




second-feet. 


Run-off 


Precipi- 








(depth in 
inches on 


tation in 
inches at 


Month. 






(depth in 
inches on 




Month. 




rer 
square 
mile. 




Per 
square 
mile. 


inches at 




Mean. 


drainage 
area). 


Bm-ling- 
ton, Vt. 




Mean. 


drainage 
area). 


BurUng- 
ton, Vt. 


1906-7. 










1911-12. 










October 


6.580 


0.780 


0.90 


2.93 


October 


5,650 


0.669 


0.77 


2.84 


November. . . 


6,650 


.788 


.88 


2.60 


November . . 


6,970 


.826 


.92 


1.56 


December.. - 


8,370 


.992 


1.14 


1.99 


December... 


10, 100 


1.20 


1.38 


2.51 


January 


11,700 


1.39 


1.60 


1.02 


January 


11.300 


1.34 


1.54 


.86 


February 


11,400 


1.35 


1.41 


.67 


FebrLiary 


9, 350 


1.11 


1.20 


1.94 


March 


ll,ono 


1.30 


1.50 


1.37 


March 


10 200 


1.21 


1.40 


2.97 


April 


20,900 


2.48 


2.77 


2.56 


April 


27, 300 


3.23 


3.60 


2.97 


May 


23, 300 


2.76 


3.18 


1.54 


Mav 


25,700 


3.05 


3.52 


5.55 


June 


15,000 
12. 200 


1.78 
1.45 


1.99 
1.67 


4.21 
3.68 


Jime 


22, 800 
12, 700 


2.70 
1.50 


3.01 
1.73 


1.18 


July 


July 


3 24 


August 


8,940 


1.06 


1.22 


1.05 


August 


8,770 


1.04 


1.20 


2.55 


September... 


8,160 
12, 000 


.967 
1.42 


1.08 
19.34 


4.70 
28.32 


September... 

The year.. 
1912-13. 


8,470 


1.00 


1.12 


5.26 


The year . . 


13, 300 


1.57 


21.39 


33.43 


1907-8. 


















October 


10, 100 


1.20 


1.38 


3.59 


October 


9,420 


1.12 


1.29 


2.95 


November. . . 


14,400 


1.71 


1.91 


2.67 


November... 


13,500 


1.60 


1.78 


3.51 


December . . . 


15,500 


1.84 


2.12 


2.61 


December . . . 


13, 500 


1.60 


1.84 


1.15 


January 


17,900 


2.12 


2.44 


1.54 


January 


16, 400 


1.94 


2.24 


2.38 


February 


17,100 


2.03 


2.19 


2.27 


February 


16,000 


1.90 


1.98 


.56 


March 


18,800 


2.23 


2.57 


1.74 


March 


17, 900 


2.12 


2.44 


4.53 


April 


25, 600 


3.03 


3.38 


1.93 


April 


33,200 


3.94 


4.40 


1.72 




27, 000 
17,800 
11,000 
7,790 


3.20 
2.11 
1.30 
.923 


3.69 
2.35 
1.50 
1.06 


3.47 
2.46 
2.66 
1.70 


May 


18,400 
14,100 
9,280 
6,670 


2.18 
1.67 
1.10 
.790 


2.51 

1.86 

1.27 

.91 


2.56 


June 


June 


2.22 


July 


•Tuly 

August 


2.83 


August 


1.10 


September... 


5,340 


.633 


.71 


1.15 


September... 

The year. . 
1913-14. 


4,690 


.556 


.62 


2.66 


The year . . 


15,700 


1.86 


25.. 30 


27.79 


14,400 


1.71 


23.14 


28.17 


1908-9. 


















October 


3,780 


.448 


.,52 


1.95 


October 


4,630 


.549 


.63 


2.90 


November... 


2,310 


.274 


.31 


1.03 


November... 


5,750 


.681 


.76 


.68 


December... 


2,570 


.305 


.35 


1.59 


December... 


6,770 


.802 


.92 


1.61 


January 


1,7.30 


.560 


.65 


2.38 


January 


6,700 


.794 


.92 


1.60 


February 


10, 100 


1.20 


1.25 


4.18 


February 


8,090 


.959 


1.00 


.41 


March 


15, 000 


1.78- 


2.05 


1.81 


March 


9,730 


1.15 


1.33 


1.84 


April 


27,900 


3.31 


3.69 


2.67 


April 


23,000 


2.73 


3.05 


4.27 


May 


31,300 

20, 600 

12,400 

8,090 


3.71 
2.44 
1.47 
.959 


4.28 
2.72 
1.70 
1.11 


5.58 
3.57 
4.06 
2.83 


May 


26,900 
14, 400 
9,450 
6,770 


3.19 
1.71 
1.12 

.802 


3.68 

1.91 

1.29 

.92 


.36 






3.30 


July 


Julv 


1.94 


August 


August 


2.78 


September... 


5,920 


.701 


.78 


4.36 


September... 

The year . . 
1914-15. 


5,990 
10, 700 


.710 
1.27 


.79 
17.20 


2.36 


The year. . 


12, 100 


1.43 


19.41 


36.01 


24.05 


1909-10. 


















October 


5,440 


.645 


.74 


1.13 


October 


5,710 


.677 


.78 


1.10 


November... 


4,590 


.,544 


.61 


1.66 


November... 


6,410 


.641 


.72 


1.41 


December . . . 


5,070 


.601 


.69 


1.53 


December... 


6,630 


.786 


.91 


1.25 


January 


5,540 


.656 


.76 


2.70 


January 


6,700 


.794 


.92 


1.16 


February 


8,710 


1.03 


1.07 


3.00 


February 


9,080 


1.08 


1.12 


3.28 


March 


18,300 


2.17 


2.50 


.,51 


March 


14, 300 


1.65 


1.90 


.22 


April 


21,500 


2. .'55 


2.84 


2.10 


April 


14,600 


1.73 


1.82 


.73 


May 


17,400 
15, 700 
11,500 
8,840 


2.06 
1.86 
1.36 
1.05 


2.38 
2.08 
1.57 
1.21 


3.42 
3.10 
3.06 
2.76 


May 


13, 000 
9,520 
8,570 
8, 160 


1.54 
1.13 
1.02 
.967 


1.78 
1.26 
1.18 
1.11 


1.73 


Juile 


Julie 


2.18 


July 


July 


5.46 


August 


August 


2.88 


September... 


7,380 
10, 800 


.874 


.98 


2.75 


September... 

The year. . 
1915-16. 


7,040 
8,950 


.834 


.93 


.97 


The year.. 


1.28 


17.43 


27.72 


1.06 


14.43 


22.37 


1910-11. 


















October 


6,900 


.818 


.94 


3.34 


October 


5, 950 


.705 


.81 


2.74 


November. . . 


7,550 


.895 


1.00 


2.43 


November... 


5,680 


.673 


.75 


1.72 


December... 


7,310 


.866 


1.00 


2.46 


December . . . 


7,710 


.843 


.97 


2.61 


January 


9,560 


1.13 


1.30 


1.32 


January 


10,100 


1.20 


1.38 


.87 


February 


9,420 


1.12 


1.17 


1.39 


February 


14,700 


1.74 


1.88 


2.32 


March 


9 250 


1.10 


1.27 


2.44 


March 


13,900 


1.65 


1.90 


1.31 


April 


20,500 


2.43 


2.71 


.83 


A.pril 


22,800 


2.70 


3.12 


1.85 


May 


22,000 
13,100 
8,600 
5,950 


2.61 
1.55 
1.02 
.705 


3.01 

1.73 

1.18 

.81 


1.13 

2.54 
2.47 
3.83 




21,300 
17,600 
14,100 
10,000 


2.52 
2.09 
1.67 
1.18 


2.90 
2.33 
1.92 
1.36 


4.69 


June 


June 


4.32 


July 


July 


1.67 


August 


August 


1.06 


September... 


5,030 


.596 


.66 


3.46 


September... 
The year.. 


7,580 


.898 


1.00 


4.06 


The year. . 


10,500 


1.24 


16.78 


27.64 


12,600 


1.49 


20.32 


29.22 



LAKE CHAMPLAIN DRAINAGE BASIN. 25 

POULTNEY RIVER NEAR FAIR HAVEN, VT. 

Location. — At the DelaAvare & Hudson Railroad bridge about half a mile aboA-e Cas- 

tleton River and 2 miles from Fair Haven- 
Drainage area. — 74 square miles. 
Records available. — August 26 to December 2, 1908. 
Gage. — Vertical staff attached to remnant of masoniy dam directly under railroad 

bridge; read twice daily by Frank Brooks. 
Discharge measurements. — ^IMade by wading. 
Channel and control. — Control at medium and high stages probably affected by 

backwater from Castleton River. 
Regulation. — Flow probably not seriously affected by regulation. 
Accuracy. — Records considered fair. 
Cooperation. — Station established and maintained during the summer of 1908 by 

the State engineer and surveyor of the State of New York. 

Discharge measurements of Poultney River near Fair Haven, Vt., during 1903 and 190S. 



Date. 


Made by- 


- 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Date. 


Made by- 


- 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


1903. 
Sept. 17 


R. E. Horton.. 




Feet. 


Sec.-ft. 
15.1 


1908. 
Aug. 26 
26 
Sept. 20 


G. M. ] 

do 

C. R. !• 


3rett . . 




Feet. 

0.92 

.92 

.64 


Sec.-ft. 

4 7 






Ldams. . 




5. 5 
1.5 










Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Poultney River near Fair Haven, Vt., 


for 1908. 


Day. 


Aug. 


Sept. 


Oct. 


Nov. 


Dee. 


Day. 


Aug. 


Sept. 


Oct. 


Nov. 


Dee. 


1 




2.1 
2.1 
2.6 
4.0 
3.2 

3.2 
4.0 
3.2 
3.2 
2.1 

1.2 
.6 


2.1 
2.1 
7.0 
2.1 
2.1 

4.0 
3.2 
3.2 
3.2 
3.2 

3.2 
3.2 
5.9 

4.8 
4.8 


7.0 
7.0 
4.8 
4.8 
7.0 

8.5 
4.8 
4.8 
3.2 
4.8 

4.8 
4.8 
5.9 
7.0 
7.0 


4.8 
5.9 

........ 


16 .. 




1.2 
1.2 
1.2 
1.2 
1.2 

.9 
.6 
.6 
.6 
.6 

.6 

.6 

.6 

1.2 

1.2 


4.8 
4.8 
4.8 
4.0 
3.2 

3.2 
3.2 
3.2 
3.2 
2.6 

2.6 
3.2 
3.2 
4.8 
7.0 
7.0 


7.0 
4.8 
7.0 
7.0 
7.0 

7.0 
7.0 
4.8 
7.0 
7.0 

5.9 
7.0 
4.8 
7.0 
7.0 




2 




17 






3 




18 






4 




19 






5 




20 . 






6 


' 


21 






7 




22 






8 




23 






9 




24 






10 




25 . 






11 




26 

27 

28 

29 

3(T. 

31 


4.8 
4.8 
3.2 
2.6 
2.1 
2.1 




12 






13 




.6 
1.2 
1.2 




14 






15 























Monthly discharge of Poultney River near Fair Haven, Vt.,for 1908. 
[Drainage area, 74 square miles.] 



Month. 



Discharge in second-feet. 



Maximum. 



Mean. 



Per 
square 
mile. 



Run-off 
(depth in 
inches on 
drainage 
area). 



August 26-31 
September . . 

October 

November... 



4.8 
4.0 
7.0 



2.1 
3.2 



3.3 
1.6 
3.8 
6.1 



0.446 
.216 
.514 
.825 



0.10 
.24 
.59 
.92 



26 



SURFACE WATERS OE VEfiMOJSlT. 



OTTER CREEK AT MIDDLEBURY, VT. 

Location. — At the railroad bridge about half a mile south of the railroad station at 

Middlebury, 3| miles below mouth of Middlebury River and 3^ miles aboA^e 

mouth of New Haven River. 
Drainage area. — 615 square miles. 
Records available. — April 1, 1903, to Maj^ 1, 1907; October 5, 1910, to September 

30, 1916. 
Gage. — ^Chain fastened to lower downstream chord of railroad bridge. 
Discharge measurebients. — Made from a boat just below the railroad bridge, at the 

stone-arch highway bridge just above the dam, or by wading. 
Channel and control. — Channel deep and current sluggish for several miles above 

station. Control for low stages, gravel and boulder rips about 800 feet below gage ; 

possibly somewhat shifting; control at high stages is near the dam 800 feet 

farther downstream. 
Extremes op stage. — Maximum stage recorded, 21.07 feet March 30, 1913 (discharge, 

8,000 second-feet); minimum stage, 11.45 feet September 15, 1913 (discharge, 138 

second-feet). A somewhat lower discharge has probably occurred at various 

times when the stage-discharge relation has been affected by ice. 
Winter plow.— Stage-discharge relation affected by ice; winter records based on gage 

heights, observer's notes, weather records, and results of current-meter measure- 
ments. 
Regulation. — Probably little if any effect from power developments above the 

station. (See Pis. VII, VIII.) Very Little storage in the basin. 
Accuracy.— Results good excejDt for low stages when there exists some uncertainty 

as to permanence of stage-discharge relation. 
Cooperation. — Data for 1910 to 1915 furnished by H. K. Barrows, consulting engineer, 

Boston. Gage readings from June to September, 1916, by an employee of the 

Vermont Marble Co. 

Discharge measurements of Otter Creek at Middlebury, Vt., during 1903-1916. 



Date. 


Made by— 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Date. 


Made by— 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


1903. 
Apr. 3 


C. B. Brownell 


Feet. 
15.90 
13.62 
12.75 
12.35 
12.20 
13.05 
12.20 
12.00 
12.25 
11.71 
12.48 

13.68 

15.65 
16.72 
17.22 
15. 52 
15.50 
13.40 
12.90 

13.40 
14.25 


Sec.-ft. 
3,730 
1,340 
640 
455 
235 
SS5 
245 
284 
337 
190 
4,S4 

1,300 

3,760 
4,900 
5,560 
3,750 
3,430 
1,370 
946 

1,160 
2,100 


1906. 
Sept. 26 
Nov. 8 

1910. 

Aug. 8 

13 

13 

15 

15 

15 

16 

16 

16 

17 

17 

17 

22 

Sept. 10 

Oct. 1 

3 

1911. 
Jan. 5 
6 
6 
6 
11 


A. D. Butterfield 

do 


Feet. 
12.35 
12.27 

12.47 
12.05 
12.03 
11.79 
11. 80 
11. SI 
11.91 
11.92 
11.92 
11. 94 
11.95 
11.96 
11.70 
12.06 
12.56 
12.22 

014. 61 
ol4. 61 
O14.60 
al4. 60 
013.48 


Sec.-ft. 
316 


18 


H. K. Barrows 


344 


28 

May 9 

19 


do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

N. C. Grover 


H. B. Alvord 


621 


June 24 

July 7 

18 


Alvord and Moore 

do 

C. A. Moore. 


402 
396 
274 


Aug. 6 


H. K. BaiTows 

do 


do 


273 


Sept. 14 


do 


284 


Nov. 21 


do 


do 


354 




H. K. Barrows 

Butterfield and Brett. . 

A. D. Butterfield 

do 

do 

do 


do 


341 


1904. 


do 


357 


Oct. 29 


do 


344 




do 


344 


1905. 


do 


337 


Mar. 29 

Apr. 1 

4 

10 

10 


do 

do 

do 

do 

C A Moore 


223 

442 
6.39 
510 


May 1 
12 


Butterfield and Brett. . 
G. M. Brett 


2 110 


1906. 
Mar. 10 


H. K. Barrows 


do 

do 

do 

do 


2,110 
2,040 
2 100 


Apr. 14 


G.M.Brett 


l!l30 



a Stage-discharge relation affected by ice. 



U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 



WATER-SUPPLY PAPER 42+ PLATE VIII 




A. POWER STATION ON OTTER CREEK AT CENTER RUTLAND, VT. 




B. POWER STATION AT HUNTINGTON FALLS, VT. 



LAKE CHAMPLAIN DEAINAGE BASIIJI^. 27 

Discharge measurements of Otter Creek at Middlebury, Vt., during 1903-1916 — Contd. 



Date. 



1911. 

Apr. 15 
15 
18' 
18 
19 
20 
21 

June 8 



Made by— 



C. A. Moore- 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 



Gage 
height. 



Feet. 
15.66 
15.66 
15.38 
15.39 
15.30 
15.14 
15.00 
12.03 



Dis- 
charge. 



Sec.-ft. 
3,070 
3,100 
2,880 
2,900 
2,540 
2,620 
2,450 
433 



Date. 



1913. 
June 25 
25 

1916. 
Aug. 3 
Sept. 29 
30 



Made by— 



C. A. Moore- 
do 



C.H.Pierce 

Hardia Thweatt . 
do 



Gage 
height. 



Feet. 
11.99 
11.99 



12.27 
12.03 
12.07 



Dis- 
charge. 



Sec.-fl. 
396 
385 



390 
299 
332 



Note. — Several discharge measm-ements made subsequent to September 30, 1916, were used in deter- 
mining the rating curve used for 1915-16. 

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Otter Creeh at Middlebury, Vt.,for the years ending Sept. 
30, 1903-1907 and 1910-1916. 



Day. 


Apr. 


May. 


June. 


July. 


Aug. 


Sept. 


Day. 


Apr. 


May. 


June. 


July. 


Aug. 


Sept. 


1903. 














1903. 














1 


3,960 


566 


159 


450 


360 


360 


16 


1,370 


360 


866 


290 


403 


283 


2.... 


3,840 


555 


242 


599 


360 


403 


17.... 


1,390 


360 


705 


290 


302 


302 


3.... 


3,720 


555 


248 


566 


242 


369 


18.... 


1,320 


320 


599 


276 


352 


320 


4.... 


3,600 


491 


248 


475 


313 


360 


19.... 


1,210 


360 


501 


302 


340 


320 


5 


3,480 


475 


242 


360 


360 


360 


20.... 


1,070 


360 


475 


202 


403 


360 


6 


3,370 


475 


217 


320 


360 


403 


21.... 


992 


320 


501 


328 


501 


283 


7.... 


3,320 


460 


242 


360 


352 


302 


22.... 


866 


320 


775 


450 


610 


313 


8.... 


3,200 


450 


159 


340 


360 


320 


23.... 


845 


320 


1,240 


1,500 


528 


320 


9.... 


3,100 


426 


202 


320 


360 


320 


24.... 


740 


328 


880 


1,210 


369 


313 


10.... 


2,980 


426 


255 


320 


255 


320 


25.... 


726 


168 


640 


775 


360 


283 


11.... 


2,760 


360 


382 


290 


328 


320 


26.... 


670 


242 


566 


566 


412 


265 


12.... 


2,540 


382 


441 


299 


582 


290 


27.... 


610 


265 


726 


528 


475 


232 


13--.- 


2,270 


382 


1,130 


183 


824 


283 


28.... 


640 


276 


622 


528 


544 


175 


14 


1,850 


360 


1,600 


217 


622 


202 


29...- 


610 


265 


475 


412 


441 


217 


15 


1,460 


360 


1,320 


276 


475 


232 


30.... 
31 


582 


248 
248 


441 


412 
382 


412 
320 


276 











Day. 



Oct. 



Nov. 



Dec. 1 Jan. 



Feb. 



Mar. 



Apr. 



May. 



June. 



July. 



Aug. 



Sept. 



1903-4. 

283 
283 
283 
320 
290 

340 
501 
491 
658 
10 ! 1, 020 



11. 

12. 
13. 
14. 
15. 

16. 
17. 
18- 
19- 
20. 

21. 
22. 
23. 
24. 
25. 



1,110 
845 
658 
491 
450 

394 
360 
460 
670 
940 

726 
599 
512 
610 
610 

528 
501 
501 
450 
450 
426 



403 
360 
394 
369 
360 

475 
544 
555 
412 
450 

412 
403 
403 
382 
403 

290 
369 
705 



475 
403 
369 
412 
450 

328 
283 
320 
394 

248 



290 
320 
320 
302 
302 

320 
223 
283 
302 
283 



3,960 
3,480 
3,150 
2,600 
1,950 

1,550 
1,645 
2,050 
2,380 
2,710 

2,710 
2,820 
2,820 
2,710 
2,380 

1,800 
1,420 
1,370 
1,460 
1,500 

1,370 
1,370 
1,370 
1,460 
1,700 

2,050 
2,050 
2,320 
2,760 
3,010 



3,040 
3,150 
3,150 
3,040 
2,820 

2,380 
1,900 
1,370 
1,030 
955 

1,030 

1,110 

992 

880 

810 



1,750 
1,900 
1,650 
1,950 

2, 160 , 

2,160 

1,850 

1,370 

1,070 

1,030 
1,070 
918 
740 
610 
582 



582 
555 
501 

475 
475 

450 

955 

705 

1,030 

845 

705 
582 
450 
450 
403 

403 
403 
360 
320 
232 

320 
360 
360 
340 
320 

320 
265 
320 
320 
320 



555 
610 
880 
705 
475 

501 
450 
403 
360 
340 

248 
265 
426 
426 
403 

360 
320 
248 
320 
320 

283 
283 
248 
283 
217 

232 
320 
450 
403 
450 
501 



381 
403 
450 
501 
426 

360 
360 
248 
283 
320 

301 
340 
381 
381 
301 

320 
360 
340 
301 
301 

501 
670 
740 
670 

582 

475 
403 
403 
248 
283 
320 



283 
301 
301 
450 
320 

360 
381 
360 
340 
320 

320 
248 
248 
283 
501 

1,240 

1,190 

918 

775 

670 

810 
705 
610 
501 
810 

1,070 
1,280 
1, 150 
1,030 
2, 050 



28 



SUEPACE WATERS OP VERMONT. 



Daily discharge, in second-feet, ofOtten- Creek at Middlebury, Vt.,for the years ending Sept 
80, 1903-1907 and 1910-1916— Continued. 



1904-5 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

8 

9 

10 

11 

12 

13 

14 

15 

16 

17 

18 

19 

20 

21 

22 

23 

24 

25 

26 

27 

28 

29 

30 

31 

1905-6 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

8 

9 

10...- 

11 

12 

13 

14 

15 

16 

17 

18 

19 

20 

21 

22 

23 

24 

25 

26 

27 

28 

29 

30 

31 



Oct. 



2,160 
2,050 
1,460 
1,190 
992 

810 
740 
670 
670 
610 

740 
1,110 
1,110 
1,030 

955 

845 
740 
670 
610 
610 

705 
2,490 
2,490 
2,320 
1,900 

1,460 
1,500 
1,750 
1,460 
1,190 
955 



775 
695 
655 
655 
615 

615 
540 
470 
400 
400 

400 
470 
775 
860 
735 

655 
578 
540 
540 

578 

695 
775 
695 
655 
615 

540 
540 
470 
470 
400 
470 



Nov. 



810 
705 
670 
640 

610 
582 
555 
501 
450 

450 
450 
450 
450 
450- 

450 
450 
360 
403 
426 

450 

775 
775 
740 
610 

610 
528 
381 
340 
403 



470 
470 
470 
470 
615 

735 
1,030 
1,210 
1,030 

860 

775 
695 
615 
615 
615 

540 
578 
540 
540 
400 

400 
400 
400 
400 
400 

470 
505 
540 
540 
1,430 



Dec. 



450 
450 
403 
360 
248 

320 



1,580 
735 
1,300 
2,130 
1,980 

1,880 
1,780 
1,630 
1,480 
1,210 

1,210 

1,030 

1,030 

860 



Jan. 



Feb. 



Mar. 



3,500 
4,250 
4,790 



Apr. 



4,910 
5,270 
5,630 
5,570 
5,150 

4,670 
4,430 
4,070 
3,830 
3,560 

3,220 
3,110 
3,060 
3,060 
2,950 

2,840 
2,510 
1,980 
1,480 
1,210 

1,250 
2,130 
2,290 
1,980 
1,680 

1,430 
1,300 
1,300 
1.300 
1,300 



3,610 
3,500 
3,120 
2,680 
2,340 

2,510 
2,400 
2,080 
1,780 
1,580 

1,580 
1,780 
1,830 
2,130 
3,280 

3,500 
3,500 
3,720 
4,010 
4,430 

4,550 
4,610 
4,490 
4,370 
4,250 

3,950 
3,660 
3,280 
2,840 
2,400 



Mav. 



1,300 
1,210 
1,120 
1,120 
1,210 

1,210 
1,210 
1,160 
1,070 
1,120 

1,070 
902 

775 
817 

775 

987 

1,070 

945 

860 



860 
695 
615 
540 
470 

470 
578 
615 
505 
470 
400 



1,880 
1,630 
1,880 
2,340 
2,400 

2,290 
1,980 
1,680 
1,390 
2,030 

2,290 
2,240 
2, ISO 
2,400 
2,460 

2,180 
1,930 
1,680 
1,480 
1,160 

1,030 
902 

775 
775 
817 

1,030 
1,390 
2,510 
2,840 
3,060 
3,280 



June. 



400 
335 
367 
470 
400 

615 
1,030 
1,070 
1,070 

860 

695 
695 
817 
902 
695 

540 

540 

1,030 

1,430 

1,780 

1,480 
2,180 
2,400 
2,340 
1,880 

1,630 
2,400 
2,400 
2,080 
1,630 



3,440 
3,500 
3,560 
3,280 
2,840 

2,130 
1,780 
1,980 
2,400 
2,400 

2,340 
2,080 
1,580 
1,120 
902 



945 
1,580 
1,580 
1,210 

945 

860 

818 

1,120 

1,390 

1,300 

1,030 

818 

695 



July. 



1,300 
1,880 
2,620 
2,510 
2,080 

1,530 
1,210 
1,030 



615 
540 
470 
695 
615 

470 
335 
470 
540 
540 

470 
400 
400 
220 
400 

505 
540 
470 
435 
655 
2,510 



1,830 
2,080 
1,680 
1,300 
1,480 

1,300 
1,030 

818 
695 
775 

945 
818 
695 
615 
540 

470 
470 
505 
470 
470 

470 
470 
860 
860 
695 

540 
470 
470 
695 
1,300 
1,480 



Aug. 



2,730 
2,670' 
2,400 
1,830 
1,300 

902 
695 
695 



615 
615 
695 
695 
695 

945 
1,630 
1,430 
1,120 

817 

615 
615 
540 
505 
470 

470 
400 
305 
400 
400 
655 



1,120 

775 
615 
540 
655 

860 

1,080 

945 

735 

578 

540 
615 
540 
540 
470 

470 
470 
470 
368 
220 

540 
540 
605 
540 
540 

615 

987 

2,620 

1,480 

1,120 

775 



LAKE CHAMPLAIN DRAINAGE BASIN. 



29 



Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Otter Creek at Middlebury, Vt.,for the years ending Sept. 
30, 1903-1907 and 1910-1916— Gontmued. 



Day. 


Oct. 


Nov. 


Dec. 


Jan. 


Feb. 


Mar. 


Apr. 


May. 


Jime. 


July. 


Aug. 


Sept. 


1906-7. 
1 ... 


335 

775 
400 
400 
335 

305 
275 
220 
275 
335 

335 
435 
470 
615 
275 

400 
400 
368 
305 
248 

945 
945 
818 
540 
540 

695 
860 
735 
615 
615 
615 


615 
615 
540 
540 
435 

470 
470 
435 
400 
400 

400 
400 
615 
615 

578 

540 

470 

505 

1,480 

2,180 

2,080 
1,730 
1,480 
1,210 
1,075 

860 
1,160 
1,390 
1,340 
1,030 










3,610 
3,610 
3,610 
3,500 
3,220 

2,780 
2,290 
1,680 
1,300 
1,120 

1,030 
1,120 
1,480 
1,730 
1,730 

1,780 
1,680 
1,630 
1,440 
1,340 

1,210 
1,030 
1,030 
2,290 
2,840 

3,390 
3,950 
3,830 
3,950 
4,250 












2 




















3 




















4 




















5 




















6 ... 




















7 




















8 
















1 


9 


















10 


















11 
















i 


12 




















13 




















14 




















16 


















16 




















17 




















18 








































20 




















21 
























- 
















23 





















24 




















25 




















26 




















27 




















28 








3,280 
3,440 
3,610 
3,660 

1,090 

1,020 

860 

600 

440 

390 
390 
390 
366 
350 

355 
340 
320 
630 
1,040 

1,110 

1,180 

880 

630 

545 

600 
685 
750 
750 
780 

910 
1,730 
2,240 
2,240 
9 IfiH 












29 


















30 


















31 


















1910-11. 
1 


465 
415 
565 
790 
1,040 

1,240 

1,080 

778 

702 

620 

620 
620 
565 
515 
565 

555 
515 
465 
455 
415 

415 
465 
415 
384 
393 

455 
415 
415 
415 
415 


415 
415 
393 
370 
370 

370 
370 
370 
320 
317 

270 
205 
240 
290 
290 

290 
365 
365 
365 
365 

365 

290 

290 

1,120 

1,060 

990 
930 
860 
790 
990 
1,060 


1,140 
1,230 
2,360 
2,190 
2,110 

2,110 
2,020 
1,930 
1,920 
1,720 

1,140 
1,030 
1,060 
1,030 
990 

960 
700 
600 
370 
450 

450 
450 
450 
440 
370 

340 
1,270 
1,910 
1,680 
1,460 
1,320 


830 
585 
475 
475 
530 

585 
585 
530 
475 
425 

375 
375 
370 
395 
420 

420 
395 
370 
370 
470 

526 
470 
470 
420 
395 

370 

695 

1,200 


1,980 
1,890 
1,800 
1,720 
1,890 

2,060 
2,320 
2,980 
3,160 
3,080 

3,030 
2,980 
2,980 
2,980 
2,980 

2,980 
2,900 
2,850 
2,760 
2,670 

2,500 
2,230 
2,020 
1,850 
1,720 

1,800 
1,890 
1, 980 
2,060 
2 100 


2,190 
2,210 
2,180 
2,190 
2,070 

1,750 

1,250 

1,020 

907 

778 

730 
730 
675 
592 
565 

540 
445 
490 
465 
440 

440 
465 
465 
465 
465 

465 
440 
440 
397 


465 
490 
440 
393 
335 

393 

375 
384 
355 
388 

360 
227 
370 
375 
430 

465 
440 
415 
393 
370 

375 
370 
360 
350 
345 

360 
379 
402 
406 
406 


370 
370 
393 
335 
289 

289 
345 
490 
360 
267 

345 


370 
370 
320 
320 
320 

320 
243 
263 
271 
289 

94S 


972 


2 




875 


3 




675 


4 




609 


6 


430 

406 
393 
393 
393 
393 

393 
393 
384 
370 
370 

335 
255 
311 
345 
345 

320 
3U 
335 
370 
430 

465 
465 
480 
465 
455 
440 


565 


6 


550 


7 


635 


8 


525 




475 


10 


440 


11 


440 


12 


345 1 255 
320 1 247 
255 207 
195 219 

195 1 5!sn 


430 


13 


415 


14 


415 


15 


415 


16 


440 


17 


110 
110 
146 
175 

183 
195 
219 
231 
267 

275 
335 
345 
370 
370 
370 


267 
271 

384 
465 

284 
302 
320 
505 
465 

505 

430 

465 

1,120 

1,170 

1,080 


415 


18 


393 


19 


415 


20 


440 


21 


465 


22 


440 


23 


440 


24 


402 


25 


384 


26 


440 


27 


440 


28 


415 


29 


415 


30 


415 


31 


1 2' 130 


..'.....: 455 





30 

Daily 



SURFACE .WATERS OP VERMONT. 



'e, in second-feet, of Otter Creek at Middlebury, Vt.,for the years ending Sept. 
30, 1903-1907 and 1910-1916— Gontiaued. 



Apr. 


May. 


June. 


July. 


Aug. 


3,620 


2,320 


2,760 


195 


320 


3,620 


2,100 


2,760 


320 


320 


3,520 


1,600 


2,820 


320 


320 


3,440 


1,290 


2,870 


320 


345 


3,390 


1,070 


2,900 


215 


»55 


3,440 


952 


2,800 


275 


392 


3,570 


1,050 


2,650 


297 


370 


4,010 


1,050 


2,410 


175 


345 


3,960 


985 


1,980 


275 


320 


4,640 


1,020 


1,440 


345 


320 


4,950 


1,050 


1,080 


297 


345 


4,780 


1,260 


887 


297 


255 


4,370 


873 


790 


275 


392 


4,010 


1,180 


730 


297 


392 


3,700 


1,150 


675 


255 


415 


3,620 


1,020 


620 


415 


370 


3,480 


1,400 


565 


345 


370 


3,390 


1,930 


565 


345 


370 


3,390 


2,000 


530 


297 


255 


3,480 


1,850 


490 


345 


392 


3,520 


1,980 


465 


320 


760 


3,520 


2,280 


490 


370 


370 


3,620 


2,320 


490 


540 


392 


3,570 


2,280 


620 


440 


345 


3,390 


2,170 


415 


392 


415 


3,300 


1,890 


392 


370 


297 


3,210 


1,520 


392 


345 


370 


3,080 


1,150 


392 


345 


565 


2,830 


952 


370 


195 


465 


2,580 


1,970 


320 


297 


415 




2,360 




345 


415 


6,700 


1,050 


2,280 


345 


335 


5,850 


1,260 


1,980 


302 


311 


5,400 


920 


1,640 


293 


307 


4,950 


822 


1,260 


297 


191 


4,460 


730 


1,080 


251 


284 


4,050 


691 


855 


275 


302 


3,620 


637 


730 


267 


275 


3,300 


620 


675 


330 


280 


3,030 


592 


675 


335 


284 


2,720 


565 


650 


355 


293 


2,410 


540 


555 


397 


191 


2,140 


515 


505 


350 


267 


1,980 


540 


490 


379 


297 


1,760 


515 


450 


288 


265 


1,680 


515 


392 


370 


235 


1,560 


515 


430 


335 


235 


1,370 


540 


530 


320 


267 


1,220 


565 


470 


302 


155 


1,190 


565 


420 


297 


215 


1,250 


582 


392 


297 


275 


1,150 


540 


383 


215 


255 


1,050 


490 


334 


345 


235 


1,020 


790 


284 


355 


235 


1,190 


1,800 


374 


275 


155 


1,150 


2,060 


365 


284 


195 


1,070 


2,020 


335 


302 


215 


1,050 


1,850 


345 


293 


275 


952 


1,400 


350 


195 


275 


887 


2,140 


316 


311 


275 


1,120 


2,390 


219 


374 


275 




2,360 




355 


297 



1911-12. 



1912-13. 



11. 
12. 
13. 
14. 

15. 

16. 
17. 
18. 
19. 
20. 

21. 
22. 
23. 
24. 
25. 

26. 

27. 
28. 
29. 
30. 
31. 



415 
415 
415 

465 
465 

465 
515 
565 
540 
505 

465 
430 
515 
540 
565 

620 

675 

842 

2,060 

2,160 

2,150 
2,150 
2,150 
1,980 
1,640 

1,330 

1,220 

1,150 

920 

790 

702 



702 
760 
675 
565 
515 

490 
415 
465 
440 
440 



702 
592 
540 



465 
465 
440 
392 

345 

440 

415 

1,600 

2,460 

2,410 
2,580 
2,630 
2,720 
2,720 
2,580 



637 
692 
748 
664 
609 

582 
637 
822 
842 

742 

637 
626 
1,050 
939 
842 

748 

675 

719 

1,520 

1,520 

1,280 

1,080 

875 

790 

822 

875 

778 

790 

1,180 

1,560 



2,280 
1,930 
1,720 
1,330 
1,050 



920 
2,020 
2,190 
2,230 

2,230 
2,060 
1,760 
1,440 
1,520 

1,470 
1,280 
1,120 
1,020 
952 

920 
920 

887 
842 
790 

1,020 
985 
920 
760 
730 



1,340 

1,100 

952 

760 

697 

425 
648 
680 
648 
703 

784 



742 

790 

2,040 

2,360 

2,320 

2,170 
1,970 
1,630 
1,130 
1,040 
920 



702 

676 

1,350 

1,9.30 

2,020 

1,890 
1,720 
1,660 
1,260 
1,020 

920 

887 
760 
760 
920 

760 

1,020 

702 

730 

1,180 

1,150 
760 
760 
730 
730 

647 
566 
565 
540 
592 
1,050 



760 
856 
778 
609 
581 

770 
770 
560 
505 
505 

560 
560 
560 
560 
470 

430 
480 
430 
456 
535 



800 
740 
675 
620 

560 
535 
535 
480 
536 
590 



1,680 
1,560 
1,440 
1,890 
1,960 

1,640 
1,590 
1,890 
1,800 
1,980 

2,140 
1,680 
2,320 
2,630 
2,640 

1,760 
1,600 
2,280 
2,630 
2,670 

2,900 
2,800 
2,800 
2,850 
2,760 

2, 760 
2,500 
2,230 
2,060 
1,210 
1,330 



460 
510 
460 
560 
440 

490 
460 
435 
480 
590 

670 
400 
670 
590 
480 

540 

486 
486 
385 
485 

560 
600 
710 
710 
710 

620 
680 
660 
620 



1,330 
1,890 
1,640 
1,560 
1,180 

1,150 
1,210 
1,120 
1,000 
920 



790 
790 
592 
565 

581 
540 
592 
566 
465 

516 

620 

1,430 

1,760 

1,400 

920 
676 
565 



620 
690 
610 
390 
650 

620 
390 
390 
430 
560 

470 
530 
630 
620 
820 

1,400 
2,610 
2,570 
2,650 
2,650 

2,610 
2,520 
2,610 
2,970 
2,970 

2,880 
2,610 
2,430 
2,500 
21,650 
2,750 



565 
540 
647 
620 
566 

540 
592 
630 
465 
592 

1,860 
1,930 
1,930 
1,980 
1,660 

2,900 
2,900 
2,940 
2,900 
2,670 

2,540 
2,900 
2,620 
2,680 
2,620 

3,480 
4,100 
5,640 
7,600 
8,000 
7,300 



LAKE CHAMPLAIN- -DKAIISrAGE BASIN. 



31 



Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Otter Creek at Middlebury, Vt.,for theyears ending Sept. 
30, 1903-1907 and 1910-1916— Continued. 



Day. 



1913-14. 



1914-15. 



Oct. 



275 
275 
370 
415 
320 

370 
370 
345 
345 

297 

320 
345 
155 
620 
490 

415 
392 
370 
370 
255 

565 
760 
730 



1,400 

1,400 

1,190 

920 

702 



320 
320 
298 
320 
195 

275 
275 
275 
298 
298 

284 
203 
255 
298 



275 
275 
370 
320 
415 

392 
345 
360 
298 
320 

255 
298 
275 
298 
298 
345 



Nov. 



636 
565 
465 
505 
465 

440 
415 
392 
415 
465 

1,190 
1,120 

855 
647 
620 

592 
515 
515 
480 
465 

565 
620 
540 
480 
465 

455 
465 
470 
470 
470 



345 
235 
320 
345 
311 

284 
298 
370 
203 
311 

370 
370 
345 
345 
370 

415 
730 
760 
515 
415 

415 
370 
284 
320 
345 

345 
298 
515 
566 
440 



Dec. 



370 
465 
440 
505 
515 

530 
540 
692 
952 
702 



702 
730 
675 

790 
647 
675 
920 
565 

530 
515 
540 
415 
465 

440 
465 
550 
380 
430 
420 



415 
465 
465 
465 
415 

370 
275 
298 
255 
320 

298 
255 
275 
175 
195 

255 
227 
235 
235 
255 

175 
170 
170 
170 
170 

130 
170 
100 
170 
190 
190 



Jan. 



460 
380 
370 
390 
370 

370 

370 
350 
370 
400 

430 
360 
390 
410 
350 

320 
330 
340 
280 
330 

390 
420 
430 
380 
410 

340 
600 
640 
670 
920 
1,180 



220 
200 
220 
150 
200 

300 

440 

1,480 

1,560 

1,260 

822 
592 
515 
490 
440 

392 

370 

370 

1,480 

1,800 

1,800 
1,800 
1,640 
1,260 
1,180 

1,050 
920 
730 
560 
480 
400 



Feb. 



1,220 

1,150 

1,090 

920 

810 

810 

790 
680 
600 
700 



430 
370 
410 

320 
460 
460 
480 
510 

570 
710 
630 
800 
740 

540 
520 
480 



340 
330 
320 
320 
320 

320 
420 
600 
550 
450 

400 
400 
4 
480 
580 

2,060 
2,060 
2,140 
2,140 
2,140 

1,980 
1,640 
1,480 
1,400 
2,060 

2,320 
2,500 
2,670 



475 

400 

1,470 

2,050 

1,930 

1,710 

1,470 
1,190 



765 
710 
650 
670 
650 

595 
1,200 
1,890 
1,930 
1,670 

1,420 

1,170 

990 

840 

740 

960 
1,970 
2,410 
2,410 
2,520 
3,120 



3,050 
3,320 
3,410 
3,140 
2,870 

2,510 
2,330 
1,970 
1,520 
1,110 

880 
810 
880 
610 
501 

501 
475 
450 
403 
382 

360 
403 
501 
555 
705 

810 
775 
670 
555 
501 
426 



Apr. 



4,420 
4,680 
4,500 
4,280 
4,190 

3,870 
3,660 
3,670 
3,830 
3,610 

3,660 
3,790 
3,610 
3,830 
3,750 

3,660 
3,570 
3,440 
3,440 
3,700 

4,140 
4,320 
5,220 
5,540 
5,450 

5,000 
4,490 
4,140 
3,830 
3,790 



403 
403 
403 
450 
403 

426 
450 
555 
740 
1,030 

1,700 
2,510 
2,420 
2,510 
2,600 

2,690 
2,510 
2,240 
1,880 
1,440 

1,190 

1,030 

810 

705 

670 

705 
610 
555 
501 
501 



May. 



3,660 
3,570 
3,610 
3,570 
3,480 

3,280 
3,160 
3,030 
2,890 
2,760 

2,500 
2,230 
1,970 
1,870 
1,680 

1,520 

1,480 

1,050 

920 

820 

760 
730 
719 
691 
592 

565 
565 
530 
515 
465 
440 



810 
775 
670 

555 
528 
501 
528 
501 

450 
403 
403 
360 
360 

382 
302 
382 
382 
360 

340 
302 
302 
265 
283 

283 
382 
360 
320 
302 
360 



Jime. 



370 
430 
415 
440 
647 

790 

675 
490 
465 
370 

392 
370 
392 
345 
235 

370 
384 
384 
345 
335 

384 
275 
345 
345 
275 

320 
297 
215 
215 
297 



265 
265 
265 
248 
232 

232 
202 
217 
232 
232 

217 
248 
232 
188 
232 

232 
283 
302 
320 
320 

232 
283 
302 
265 
232 

248 
202 
163 
217 

248 



July. 



370 
345 
320 
370 
320 

297 
392 
370 
455 
415 

415 
465 
370 
370 
320 

345 
311 
515 
415 
297 

320 
320 
311 
320 
320 

297 
255 
275 
297 
320 
275 



248 
340 
610 
640 
810 

670 

582 

475 

1,270 

1,880 

1,790 

1,270 

810 

610 

501 

450 
340 
320 
302 
320 

340 
320 
360 
382 
340 

320 
320 
360 
382 
426 
475 



Aug. 



288 
255 
195 
215 
311 

275 
235 

247 
275 
195 

207 
275 
275 
255 
275 

275 
255 
430 
370 
345 

490 
702 
675 
465 
465 

383 
345 
320 
335 
790 
1,080 



450 
320 
283 
302 
320 

360 
426 
403 
320 
360 

360 
360 
320 

283 
248 

232 
265 
320 
302 
302 

248 
175 
403 
403 
582 

555 
501 
426 
360 
283 
302 



Sept. 



887 
702 
540 
555 
515 

430 
370 
415 
392 
370 

370 
345 
275 
235 
320 

360 
370 

288 
275 
288 

195 
297 
297 
255 
320 

320 
297 
207 
297 
370 



283 
283 
265 
248 
248 

202 
188 
248 
283 
302 

283 
265 
202 
232 
248 

232 
188 
202 
202 
188 

217 
265 
360 
360 
302 

283 
202 
248 
265 
265 



73175°— wsp 424—17- 



32 



SURFACE WATEES OF VERMONT. 



Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Otter Creek at Middlebury, Vt.,for the years ending Sept. 
30, 1903-1907 and 1910-1916— Continued. 



Day. 



Oct. 


Nov. 


Dec. 


Jan. 


Feb. 


Mar. 


Apr. 


May. 


June. 


July. 


Au?. 


248 


340 


501 


1,610 


2,330 


2,510 


2,690 


2,420 


640 


450 


450 


217 


320 


450 


1,110 


2,240 


2,330 


3,140 


2,330 


528 


403 


426 


283 


301 


381 


955 


2,150 


2,150 


3,410 


2,150 


475 


360 


381 


232 


301 


360 


955 


2,060 


1,700 


4,400 


1,970 


528 


1,790 


360 


283 


320 


320 


1,030 


1,790 


1,440 


4,850 


1,700 


740 


1,790 


360 


340 


501 


320 


955 


1,440 


1,110 


4,760 


1,440 


670 


1,610 


320 


360 


283 


320 


1,520 


1,110 


810 


4,490 


1,190 


582 


1,270 


283 


340 


248 


283 


1,610 


1,030 


700 


4,130 


1,110 


528 


880 


320 


302 


283 


283 


1,190 


670 


640 


3,770 


1,110 


475 


670 


360 


283 


283 


265 


810 


670 


610 


3,500 


955 


426 


670 


555 


217 


265 


265 


705 


610 


580 


3 230 


810 


. 475 


555 


555 


248 


283 


283 


810 


580 


555 


3,059 


740 


528 


555 


450 


283 


283 


232 


810 


580 


530 


2,870 


640 


1,030 


528 


450 


248 


320 


248 


1,190 


610 


530 


2,690 


582 


955 


450 


320 


248 


248 


265 


955 


530 


500 


2,690 


501 


740 


475 


360 


360 


381 


283 


640 


500 


500 


2,510 


528 


582 


381 


320 


670 


450 


320 


555 


475 


500 


2,510 


775 


582 


360 


320 


450 


381 


320 


555 


475 


475 


2,510 


1,970 


810 


381 


320 


450 


340 


610 


501 


475 


475 


2,510 


2,150 


955 


381 


283 


403 


360 


880 


501 


475 


475 


2,510 


2,150 


810 


340 


301 


360 


670 


810 


475 


475 


475 


2,420 


1,970 


1,110 


360 


217 


320 


640 


670 


450 


475 


475 


2,330 


1,610 


955 


381 


283 


301 


555 


555 


1,440 


450 


500 


2,420 


1,190 


740 


1,110 


283 


301 


450 


501 


1,790 


450 


530 


2,510 


1,110 


610 


670 


283 


232 


403 


475 


1,790 


450 


530 


2,510 


1,110 


555 


582 


283 


283 


320 


582 


1,700 


705 


530 


2,690 


955 


501 


475 


283 


283 


360 


1,790 


1,970 


2,240 


670 


2,690 


705 


501 


450 


283 


283 


340 


1,970 


2,240 


2,420 


955 


2,690 


610 


528 


955 


248 


248 


360 


1,970 


2,240 


2,510 


1,520 


2.690 


555 


555 


955 


283 


283 


450 


1,970 


2,240 




2,240 


2,510 


610 


555 


610 


320 


360 




1,700 


2,330 




2,510 




640 




475 


301 



Sept. 



1915-16. 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

8 

9 

10 

11 

12 

13 

14 

15 

16 

17 

18 , 

19 

20 

21 

22 

23 

24 

25 

26 

27... 

28 

29 

30 

31 



301 
283 
320 
248 
232 

248 
265 
248 
248 
283 

248 
248 
265 
248 
283 

360 
450 
360 
340 
360 

283 
265 
265 
320 
265 

301 
320 
301 
283 
301 



Note.— Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Dec. 11, 1903, to Mar. 31, 1904; Dec. 7, 1904, to Mar.' 28, 
1905; Dec. 15, 1905, to Mar. 31, 1906; Dec. 1, 1906, to Mar. 27, 1907; Dec. 10, 1910, to Mar. 31, 1911; Jan. 6 to 
Mar. 31, 1912; Dec. 28, 1913, to Mar. 30, 1914; Dec. 22, 1914, to Jan. 6, 1915; Jan. 29 to Feb. 15, 1915; Feb. 12-24, 
and Mar. 8-27, 1916. Daily discharge given for these periods for the years 1910 to 1916 determined from gage 
heights, observer's notes, and weather records. Several discharge measurements were made during the 
winter of 1911. 

Monthly discharge of Otter Creek at Middlebury, Vt.,for the years ending Sept. 30, 1903- 

1907 and 1911-1916. 



[Drainage area, 615 square miles.] 



April 

May 

June 

July 

August 

September . 



October . . . 
November. 
December. 

January 

February. . 

March 

AprU 

May 

June 

July 

August 

September . 



Month. 



1903. 



1903-4. 



The year . 



Discharge in second-feet. 



Maximum. 



3,960 

566 

1,600 

1,500 

824 

403 



1,110 

866 



4,200 
3,960 
3,150 
1,030 
880 
740 
2,050 



Minimum. 



4,200 



582 
168 
159 
183 
242 
175 

283 

248 



1,370 
582 
232 

217 
248 

248 



Mean. 



1,970 
370 
570 

446 
417 
304 

541 

431 

a 385 

o370 

O400 

al,700 

■ 2,200 

1,590 

471 

396 

398 



Per 
square 
mile. 



3.20 
.602 



.494 



.701 
.626 
.602 
.650 
2.76 
3.58 
2.59 
.766 
.644 
.647 
1.07 



1.29 



Run-off 
(depth in 
inches on 
drainage 
area). 



3.57 
.69 

1.03 
.84 
.78 
.55 

1.01 

.78 

.72 

.69 

.70 

3.18 

3.99 

2.99 

.86 

.74 

.75 

1.19 



17.60 



a Estimated from gage heights, observer's notes, and comparison with records of other streams. 



LAKE CHAMPLAIN DRAINAGE BASIN. 



33 



Monthly discharge of Otter Creeh at Middlebury, Vt.,for the years ending Sept. SO, 1903- 
1907 and 1911-1916— Continued. 





Discharge in second-feet. 


Run-ofl 
(depth in 
inches on 
drainage 
area). 


Month. 


Maximum. 


Minimum. 


Mean. 


Per 
square 
mile. 


1904-5. 


2,490 
880 


610 
340 


1,230 

545 

a 300 

a 240 

230 

a 1,070 

2,950 

871 

1,210 

904 

951 

1,570 


2.00 

.886 
.488 
.390 
.374 
1.74 
4.80 
1.42 
1.97 
1.47 
1.55 
2.55 


2.31 




.99 




.56 








.45 








.39 




4,790 
5,630 
1,300 
2,400 
2,620 
2,730 
2,890 




2.01 




1,210 
400 
335 
220 
305 
655 


5.36 


May. 


1.64 




2.20 


July 


1.70 




1.79 




2.84 








5,630 




1,010 


1.64 


22.24 








1905-6. 
October ... 


860 
1,430 
2,130 
3,550 


400 
400 
600 

775 


590 

625 

969 

1,400 

o714 

a 900 

3,130 

1,870 

1,710 

881 

738 

421 


.960 
1.02 
1.58 
2.28 
1.16 
1.46 
5.09 
3.04 
2.78 
1.43 
1.20 

.685 


1.11 




1.14 


December ... 


1.82 




2.63 




1.21 








1.68 




4,610 
3,280 
3,560 
2,080 
2,620 
695 


1,580 
775 
695 
470 
220 
220 


5.68 


May 


3.50 




3.10 




1.65 




1.38 


September 


.76 






The year 


4,610 


220 


1,160 


1.89 


25.66 






1906-7. 
October . 


945 

2,180 

815 


220 
400 


498 
869 
o487 
960 
350 
o 1,040 
2,320 


.810 
1.41 

.795 
1.56 

.569 
1.69 
3.77 


.93 


Noyember 


1.57 


December .... 


.92 


January 




1.80 


February 






.59 


March 


3,660 
4,250 




1.95 


April 


1,030 


4.21 






1910-11. 
October (5-31) 


480 
1,240 
1,120 
2,360 
1,200 
2, 240 
3,160 
2,210 

490 

490 
1,170 

972 


255 
384 
205 
340 
370 
320 
1,720 
397 
227 
110 
207 
384 


387 
572 
500 

1,200 
500 
900 

2,400 
875 
387 
286 
405 
490 


.629 
.930 
.813 
1.95 
.813 
1.46 
3.90 
1.42 
.629 
.465 
.659 
.797 


.63 


Noyember 


1.04 


December 


.94 


January 


2.25 


February 


.85 


March 


1.68 


April 


4.35 


May 


1.64 


Jime 


.70 


July 


.54 


August 


.76 


September 


.89 






The period b 


3,160 


110 


746 


1.21 


16.27 






1911-12. 
October 


2,160 

1,560 

2,360 

855 

710 

2,970 

4,950 

2,360 

2,900 

540 

760 

1,330 


415 
582 
425 
430 
385 
390 
2,580 
873 
320 
175 
255 
345 


963 

876 

1,240 

600 

550 

1,600 

3,630 

1,550 

1,220 

318 

376 

634 


1.56 

1.42 

2.02 

.976 

.894 

2.60 

5.90 

2.52 

1.98 

.517 

.611 

1.03 


1.80 


November. ... . ... 


1.58 


December 


2.33 


January 


1.13 


February 


.96 


March 


3.00 


April 


6.58 


May 


2.90 


June 


2.21 


July 


.60 


August 


.70 


September 


1.15 






The year 


4,950 


175 


1,130 


1.84 


24.94 







o Estimated from gage heights, observer's notes, and comparison with records of other streams. 
b 361 days. 



34 



SURFACE WATERS OF VERMOlirT. 



Monthly discharge of Otter Creek at Middlebury, Vt.,for the years ending Sept. SO, 1903- 
1907 and 1911-1916— QaoXmyied. 



Month. 



Discharge in second-feet. 



Maximum. 



Minimum. 



Mean. 



Per 
square 
mile. 



Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area). 



October . . . 
November. 
December . 
January . . . 
February. . 

March 

April 

May 

June 

July 

August 

September . 



The year . 



October . . . 
November. 
December., 

January 

February... 

March 

AprU 

May 

Juiie 

July 

August 

September . 



1913-14. 



The year . 



October 

November. . 
December.. 

January 

February. . . 

March 

April 

May 

June 

July 

August 

September. 



The year. 



October 

November. 
December.. 

January 

February. . 

March 

April 

May 

June 

July 

August 

September. 



1915-16. 



The year. 



2,720 

2,280 

2,020 

2,900 

1,890 

8,000 

6,700 

2,390 

2,280 

397 

335 

540 



8,000 



1,400 

1,190 

952 

1,180 

1,220 

3,120 

5,540 

3,660 

790 

515 

1,080 



5,540 



415 

760 

465 

1,800 

2,670 

3,410 

2,690 

880 

320 

1,880 

582 

360 



3,410 



670 

670 

1,970 

2,330 

2,510 

2,510 

4,850 

2,420 

1,110 

1,790 

555 

450 

4, 850 



345 
730 
540 
1,210 
465 
465 
887 
490 
219 
195 
155 
138 



1,010 

1,340 

995 

2,130 

973 

2,530 

2,380 

1,000 

659 

312 

256 

255 



1.65 
2.18 
1.62 
3.46 
1.58 
4.11 
3.87 
1.63 
1.07 
.507 
.416 
.414 



138 



1,150 



1.87 



155 
392 
370 
280 
320 
400 
3,440 
440 
215 
255 
195 
195 



543 

559 

582 

444 

654 

1,350 

4,100 

1,790 

387 

348 

371 

372 



155 



957 



195 
203 
100 
150 
320 
360 
403 
265 
163 
248 
175 



302 

385 

257 

810 

1,170 

1,210 

1,170 

437 

245 

589 

348 

252 



100 



594 



217 
248 
232 
450 
450 
475 
2,330 
501 
426 
340 
217 
232 

217 



314 

368 

651 

1,210 

1,070 

970 

3,060 

1,240 

656 

688 

341 

291 



.883 
.909 
.946 
.722 
1.06 
2.20 
6.67 
2.91 
.629 
.566 
.603 
.605 



1.56 



.491 
.626 
.418 
1.32 
1.90 
1.97 
1.90 
.711 
.398 
.958 
.566 
.410 



.966 



.511 

.598 
1.06 
1.97 
1.74 
1.58 
4.98 
2.02 
1.07 
1.12 
.554 
.473 

1.47 



LAKE CHAMPLAIN DRAIKAGE BASIN. 



35 



Days of deficiency in discharge of Otter Creeh at Middlelury, Vt., during the years ending 

Sept. 30, 1911-1916. 



Discharge 
in second- 
feet. 


Theoretical 

horsepower 

per foot of 

fall. 


Days of deficiency in discharge. 


1910-11 a 


1911-12 


1912-13 


1913-14 


1914-15 


1915-16 


150 


17.0 


3 




1 




2 




200 


22 7 


8 


3 


14 


4 


21 




250 


28.4 


18 


4 


32 


13 


66 


23" 


300 


34.1 


39 


19 


66 


48 


119 


63 


350 


39.8 


66 


41 


88 


86 


175 


101 


400 


45.4 


136 


63 


103 


133 


209 


127 


450 


61.1 


188 


84 


112 


162 


239 


132 


600 


66.8 


225 


114 


126 


193 


255 


168 


550 


62.5 


236 


136 


145 


213 


271 


194 


600 


68.2 


247 


158 


166 


227 


284 


216 


700 


79.5 


260 


193 


179 


249 


294 


240 


800 


90.9 


271 


221 


200 


271 


303 


249 


900 


102 


276 


235 


208 


280 


313 


259 


1,000 


114 


284 


243 


220 


290 


314 


271 


1,100 


125 


296 


256 


233 


293 


317 


274 


1,200 


136 


303 


263 


244 


300 


320 


287 


1,400 


159 


309 


273 


257 


302 


324 


2S8 


1,600 


182 


310 


283 


270 


309 


331 


294 


1,800 


204 


316 


- 286 


284 


312 


335 


308 


2,000 


227 


327 


296 


301 


318 


342 


315 


2,500 


284 


347 


315 


323 


322 


352 


336 


3,000 


341 


358 


338 


350 


326 


361 


355 


4,000 


454 


361 


360 


354 


352 


305 


361 


8,000 


909 




366 


365 


365 




366 







a Period Oct. 5, 1910, to Sept. 30, 1911. 

Note.— The above table gives the theoretical horsepower per foot of fall that may be developed at dif- 
ferent rates of discharge and shows the number of days on which the discharge and corresponding horse- 
power were less than the amounts given in the columns for discharge and horsepower. In using this table 
allowance should be made for the various losses, the principal ones being the wheel loss, which may be as 
large as 20 per cent, and the head loss, which may be as large as 5 per cent. 

EAST CREEK NEAR RUTLAND, VT. 

Location. — At Lester Bridge, on road from Rutland to Brandon, about 3 miles north 
of Rutland, 2^ miles below the union of the two branches that drain Blue Ridge 
Mountain, and 3^ miles above confluence with Otter Creek. 

Drainage area. — 47 square miles. 

Records available. — August 9, 1911, to December 26, 1913. 

Gage. — Vertical staff on left bank, downstream side of bridge; read twice daily by 
M. Lester. 

Discharge measurements. — Made from the highway bridge or by wading. 

Channel and control. — Channel covered with gravel and alluvial deposits; control 
probably permanent. 

Extremes of stage. — 1911-1913: A stage of about 8.3 feet occurred during the high 
water of March 26-27, 1913, as determined from high-water marks Ijy an engineer 
of the Geological Survey. Observer's records indicate that this maximum stage 
occurred about midnight, March 27. Minimum stage recorded, 3.1 feet at 5.45 
a. m. September 25, 1911, and 5.30 a. m. October 21, 1912. 

Winter flow. — Stage-discharge relation seriously affected by ice; observations dis- 
continued during winter months. 

Regulation. — Distribution of flow affected by the operation of two dams above the 
station. 

Accuracy. — Data insufficient for determination of daily discharge. Gage heights 
and discharge measurements are given as they furnish general information in 
regard to the flow of the stream. 



36 SUEPACE WATEES OF VEEMOFT. 

Discharge measurements of East Creek near Rutland, Vl., during the years 1911 and 1911 



Date. 


Made by— 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Date. 


Made by— 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


1911. 
Aug. 7 
9 


0. H. Canfleld 


Feet. 
3.59 
3.69 


Scc.-ft. 
46 
57 


1913. 
Mar. 24 
May 2 
S?pt. 17 
Nov. 1 


R. S. Barnes 


Feet. 
4.24 
4.09 
4.16 

4.18 


Sec.-ft. 
144 


do 


do 

G. H. Canfield 


115 
118 




C. S. DeGolyer 


118 



Twice-daily gage height, in feet, of East Creek near Rutland, Vt.,from August, 1911, to 

December, 1913. 



Day. 


August. 


September. 


Day. 


August. 


September. 


A.M. 


P.M. 


A.M. 


P.M. 


A.M. 


P.M. 


A.M. 


P.M. 


1911. 
1 






3.25 
3.55 
3.72 
3.55 

3.48 

3.1 

3.55 

3.35 

3.25 

3.52 

3.35 

3.22 

3.3 

3.25 

3.2 


3.55 

3.7 

3.65 

3.02 

3.55 

4.0 

3.5 

3.45 

3.85 

3.52 

3.5 

3.65 

3.62 

3.58 

3.7 


1911. 
16 


3.55 
3.68 
3.62 
3.72 
3.45 

3.55 
3.52 
3.45 
3.52 
3.48 

3.45 

3.4 

3.7 

3.4 

3.65 

3.35 


3.7 

3.7 

3.6 

3.62 

3.65 

3.75 

3.7 

3.75 

3.7 

3.75 

3.62 

3.45 

4.5 

3.9 

3.62 

3.55 


3.6 

3.6 

3.32 

3.25 

3.22 

3.2 

3.25 

3.2 

3.22 

3.1 

3.35 

3.5 

3.65 

3.5 

3.62 


3 62 


2 






17 


3 42 


3 






18 


3.62 


4 






19 


3 5 


5 






20 


3.55 


6 






21 


3.6 


7 






22 


3 68 


8 






23 


3.65 


9 




3.52 
3.7 

3.7 

3.75 

3.5 

3.7 

3.7 


24 


3.15 


10 


3.65 

3.68 

3.4 

3.35 

3.4 

3.6 


25 


3.62 


11 


26 


3.62 


12 


27 


3.68 


13 


28 


3.7 


14 


29 


3 72 


15 


30 


3.65 




31 













Day. 


October. 


November. 


December. 


January. 


February. 


March. 


A.M. 


P.M. 


A.M. 


P.M. 


A.M. 


P.M. 


A.M. 


P.M. 


A.M. 


P.M. 


A.M. 


P.M. 


1911-12. 
1 


3.32 
3.6 
3.4 
3.32 

3.68 

3.52 

3.58 

3.5 

3.55 

3.42 

3.4 

3.3 

3.32 

3.25 

3.3 

3.22 

3.28 

3.25 

4.3 

4.02 

3.7 

3.85 

4.0 

3.9 

3.5 

3.55 

3.6 

3.45 

3.48 

3.4 

3.45 


3.35 

3.8 
3.62 
4.05 
3.82 

3.5 

3.7 

3.52 

3.6 

3.6 

3.65 

3.45 

3.38 

3.5 

3.62 

3.6 

3.6 

5.0 

4.15 

4.0 

4.0 

3.92 

4.2 

4.05 

3.8 

3.72 

4.0 

3.7 

3.65 

3.72 

4.02 


3.8 

3.55 

3.45 

3.42 

3.4 

3.38 

3.65 

3.55 

3.6 

3.3 

3.4 

3.42 

3.65 

3.3 

3.4 

3.42 

3.4 

3.55 

3.7 

3.55 

3.6 

3.58 

3.45 

3.4 

3.4 

3.45 

3.4 

3.45 

4.2 

3.S 


3.9 

3.8 

3.75 

3.68 

3.7 

3.8 

3.98 

3.9 

3.72 

3.7 

3.75 

3.2 

3.6 

3.6 

3.72 

3.68 

3.7 

4.2 

3.68 

3.7 

3:68 
3.65 
3.05 
3.68 
3.45 

3.4 

3.4 

3.72 

4.05 

3.7 


3.6 

3.55 

3.4 

3.45 

3.4 

3.4 

3.42 

3.4 

3.5 

3.5 

3.6 

3.8 

3.82 

3.8 

3.8 

3.75 

3.8 

3.75 

3.6 

3.6 

3.7 

3.65 

4.35 

3.9 

3.62 

3.65 
3.7 
3.75 
4.0 


3.7 

3.65 

3.68 

4.05 

3.9 

3.92 

3.9 

3.9 

3.95 

3.62 

4.02 

4.1 

4.2 

3.88 

3.85 

3.8 

3.8 

3.72 

3.7 

4.0 

3.85 

3.85 

4.2 

3.72 

3.65 

3. 85 
3.8 
3.7 
4.1 














2 














3 














4 














5 














6 














7 














8. 














9 














10 ... 














11 














12 














13 














14 














15 












3.8 


16 










3.85 
3.7 
3.85 
3.9 

4.2 

3.8 

3.88 

3.7 

3.65 

3.5 

3.6 


3.7 


17 










4.0 


18 










4.3 


19 




■ " 




4.45 


20 











4.0 


21 










4.0 


22. ... * 










3.7 


23 










3.78 


24 










3.6 


25 . . 










3.62 


26 










3.65 


27 










3.5 

3.58 

3.85 

3.95 

3.72 


3.85 


28 










3.9 


29 










4.7 


30 










4.05 


31 














4.2 























LAKE CHAMPLAIN DEAINAGE BASIN. 



37 



Twice-daily gage height, in feet, of East Creeh near Rutland, Vt.,from August, 1911, to 
December, 1913 — Continued. 



Day. 


April. 


May. 


June. 


July. 


August. 


September. 


A.M. 


P. M. 


A.M. 


P.M. 


A.M. 


P.M. 


A.M. 


P. M. 


A.M. 


P.M. 


A.M. 


P.M. 


1912. 
1 


4.05 

3.82 

3.7 

3.65 

3.72 

4.2 

4.6 

5.12 

3.88 

3.75 

3.8 
3.7 
4.0 
4.0 
3.75 

4.35 

4.7 
4.62 
4.95 
4.7 

4.7 

4.65 

4.7 

4.55 

4.6 

4.55 

4.75 

4.5 

4.3 

4.25 


4.35 

4.2 
3.7 
3.8 

4.75 

6.0 

5.35 

4.7 

3.8 

3.85 

3.82 

4.15 

4.02 

3.8 

4.4 

5.0 

4.7 

4.52 

5.0 

4.75 

4.7 

4.62 

4.7 

4.75 

4.6 

4.6 

4.55 

4.35 

4.3 

4.25 


4.0 

3.85 

3.8 

3.72 

3.68 

3.6 

3.75 

3.7 

3.62 

3.75 

3.8 

3.6 

3.75 

3.85 

3.72 

3.7 

4.65 

4.02 

4.1 

4.3 

4.6 

4.85 

4.62 

4.45 

4.12 

3.88 

3.75 

3.7 

3.5 

4.3 

5.0 


4.08 

3.9 

3.9 

3.8 

3.6 

3.9 

3.82 

3.8 

4.0 

4.0 

3.6 
3.6 
3.8 
3.9 

3.88 

4.05 

4.5 

4.15 

4.2 

4.4 

4.68 

4.7 

4.6 

4.5 

4.0 

3.9 

3.8 

3.75 

3.85 

4.8 

5.35 






3.35 

3.3 

3.5 

3.4 

3.55 

3.4 

3.45 

3.5 

3.4 

3.65 

3.55 

3.5 

3.5 

3.65 

3.4 

3.4 

3.3 

3.48 

3.65 

3.55 

3.55 

3.9 

3.55 

3.6 

3.6 

3.6 

3.55 

3.58 

3.75 

3.7 

3.7 


3.5 
3.55 
3.5 
3.6 
3.62 

3.6 

3.48 

3.65 

3.9 

3.68 

3.6 

3.55 

3.6 

3.65 

3.55 

3.55 

3.7 

3.6 

3.78 

3.7 

3.75 

3.7 

3.75 

3.7 

3.75 

3.7 

3.7 

3.7 

3.78 

3.75 

3.8 


3.75 

3.6 

3.65 

3.85 

3.7 

3.9 

3.7 

3.68 

3.6 

3.58 

3.75 

3.85 

3.75 

3.8 

3.8 

3.9 

3.8 

3.65 

3.6 

3.48 

3.7 

3.88 

3.7 

3.5 

3.52 

3.55 

3.8 

3.35 

3.8 

3.58 

3.6 


3.7 
3.7 
3.9 
3.8 
3.8 

3.75 

3.7 

3.65 

2.85 

3.7 

3.7 

3.9 

3.55 

3.82 

3.95 

3.8 

3.72 

3.52 

3.85 

3.7 

3.88 

3.75 

3.8 

3.72 

3.65 

3.92 

3.7 

3.82 

3.75 

3.8 

3.85 


3.55 

3.98 

3.7 

3.7 

3.6 

3.9 

3.5 

3.55 

3.5 

3.6 

3.55 

3.8 

3.78 

3.7 

3.58 

4.2 

3.4 

3.3 

3.55 

4.15 

4.2 

3.65 

3.48 

3.45 

3.4 

3.32 

3.75 

3.3 

3.22 

3.8 


3.85 


2 


4.7 
4.7 
4.62 
4.55 

4.25 
4.25 
3.85 
3.72 
3.75 

3.4 

3.25 

3.55 

3.42 

3.48 

3.42 

3.6 

3.45 

3.4 

3.35 

3.3 

3.3 

3.25 

3.22 

3.2 

3.22 

3.3 

3.25 

3.2 

3.5 


4.75 
4.7 
4.6 
4.5 

4.3 
4.0 
3.9 
3.7 
3.62 

3.4 

3.5 

3.65 

3.6 

3.5 

3.68 

3.6 

3.6 

3.5 

3.9 

3.2 
3.6 
3.4 
3.6 

3.58 

3.7 

3.7 

3.6 

3.55 

3.42 


3.95 


3 


3.8 


4 


3.75 


5 


3.'^ 


6 


3.85 


7 


3.72 


8 


3.7 


9 . . .- 


3.62 


10 


3.7 


11 


3.9 


12 


3.8 


13 


3.9 


14 


3.8 


15 


3.8 


16 


3.75 


17. 


3.8 


18 


3.7 


19 


3.95 


20 


4.12 


21 


3.9 


22 


3.8 


23 


3.85 


24 


■ 3.78 


25 


3.45 


26 


3.72 


27 


3.75 


28 


3.8 


29 


3.75 


30 


3.7 


31 



















Day. 


October. 


November. 


December. 


January. 


February. 


March. 


A.M. 


P.M. 


A.M. 


P.M. 


A.M. 


P.M. 


A.M. 


P.M. 


A.M. 


P. M. 


A.M. 


P.M. 


1912-13. 
1 


3.22 

3.65 

3.45 

3.4 

3.4 

3.4 

3.6 

3.48 

3.4 

3.25 

3.2 

3.2 

3.32 

3.25 

3.15 

3.4 

3.45 

3.4 

3.35 

3.3 

3.1 

3.12 

3.25 

4.45 

4.6 

4.05 

3.85 

3.7 

3.68 

3.7 

3.6 


3.98 

3.85 

3.7 

3.82 

3.78 

3.82 

3.85 

3.9 

3.92 

3.9 

4.0 
3.88 
3.45 
3. 82 
3.78 

3.8 

3.9 

3.88 

3.8 

3.75 

3.92 

3.88 

4.6 

4.7 

4.28 

4.22 

3.72 

3.8 

3.78 

3.75 

3.7 


3.6 

3.7 

3.55 

3.5 

3.65 

3.5 

3.5 

4.25 

3.8 

3.5 

3.65 

3.72 

3.7 

3.75 

3.8 

3.5 
3.6 
3.6 
3.5 
3.55 

3.6 

3.62 

3.6 

3.55 

3.4 

3.6 

3.62 

3.7 

3.5 

3.65 


3.92 

3.8 

3.6 

3.8 

3.68 

3.65 

3.95 

4.0 

3.62 

3.8 

3.9 

3.92 

3.95 

3.9 

3.85 

3.72 

3.52 

3.7 

3.72 

3.9 

3.85 

3.7 

3.72 

3.42 

3.8 

3.85 

3.85 

3.5 

4.0 

3.65 


3.55 
3.42 
3.6) 
3.88 
3.7 

3.95 

3.6 

3.6 

3.55 

3.7 

3.68 

3.6 

3.7 

3.6 

3.6 

3.55 

3.75 

3.65 

4.0 

4.05 

3.7 

3.68 

3.55 

3.5 

3.6 

3.7 

3.58 

3.65 

3.5 

3.45 

4.0 


3.5 

4.4 

4.0 

4.05 

4.0 

4.05 

4.02 

3.6 

4.0 

3.85 

3.95 

3.9 

3.9 

3.85 

3.78 

3.9 

3.88 
3.85 
4.2 
3.92 

3.9 

3.5 

3.88 

3.72 

3.5 

3.9 

3.8 

3.68 

3.4 

4.15 

4.1 


3.8 
3.5 
3.7 
4.0 
3.7 

3.65 
4.5 
4.15 
3.9 
3.85 

4.0 
4.15 
3. 88 
3.7 
3.85 

3.95 
4.3 

4.5 
4.4 
4.1 

4.68 

4.45 

4.3 

4.6 

4.15 

3.15 

4.0 

4.1 

3.92 

3.8 

3.8 


3.5 

3.98 

4.5 

3.95 

3.5 

4.05 

4.3 

4.25 

3.9 

4.15 

4.1 

4.0 

3.85 

4.1 

4.0 

4.1 
4.5 

4.72 
4.25 
4.3 

4.6 

4.45 
4.4 
4.3 
4.22 

4.08 

4.15 

4.0 

3.95 

3.9 

3.85 


3.95 

3.7 

3.92 

3.7 

3.7 

3.68 
3.95 
3.6 
3.45 


3.72 

3.9 

3.85 

3.72 

3.7 

3.82 
5.65 
3.6 
3.4 


3.45 

3.4 

3.8 

3.4 

3.45 

3.4 
3.8 
3.8 
3.5 
3.72 

3.7 

3.5 

3.65 

4.2 

4.65 

4.4 

3.75 

3.7 

3.65 

3.7 

4.4 
4.62 
3.78 
4.25 

4.45 

5.92 

0.2 

6.25 

5.2 

5.2 

4.78 


3.8 


2 


3.4 


3 


3.82 


4 


3.7 


5 


3.55 


6 


3.6 


7 


3.6 


8 


3.72 


9 .1.. 


3.4 


10 


4.2 


11 






3.85 


12 






4.1 


13 






3.75 


14 






4.9 


15 






4.75 


16 






4.0 


17 






3.92 


18 






3.9 


19 






3.95 


20 


3.92 

3.75 

4.3 

3.7 

3.65 

3.6 

3.45 

3.4 


3.8 

3.9 

4.6 

3.62 

3.6 

3.65 

3.7 

3.75 

3.68 


4.4 


21. . 


4.55 


22 


4 1 


23. . 


4.0 


24 


4.2 


25 


6.38 


26 


6.42 


27 


6.6 


28: 


5.35 


29 


5.2 


30 






4.95 


31 






4.95 















38 



SURFACE WATERS OF VERMONT. 



Twice-daily gage height, infect, of East Creek near Rutland, Vt., from August, 1911, to 
December, 1913 — Continued. 



Day. 


April. 


May. 


June. 


July. 


August. 


September. 


A.M. 


P.M. 


A.M. 


P.M. 


A.M. 


P.M. 


A.M. 


P.M. 


A.M. 


P.M. 


A.M. 


P.M. 


1913. 
1 


4.6 

4.4 

4.3 

4.35 

4.38 

4.25 

4.2 

4.02 

3.95 

3.55 

3.5 

3.75 

3.82 

3.85 

3.8 

3.7 

3.62 

3.6 

3.6 

3.6 

3.5 

3.52 

3.6 

3.62 

3.6 

3.65 

3.65 

3.5 

3.92 

3.62 


4.65 

4.6 

4.4 

4.4 

4.45 

4.2 

4.38 

4.15 

4.2 

3.95 

3.8 

3.9 

3.8 

3.78 

3.8 

3.75 
4.02 
3.95 
3.88 
3.72 

3.9 

3.7 

3.7 

3.88 

3.8 

3.6 

3.52 

3.6 

4.0 

4.02 


3.9 
3.6 
3.7 
3.6 
3.4 

3.6 

3.42 

3.4 

3.42 

3.4 

3.45 

3.4 

3.35 

3.4 

3.35 

3.42 

3.42 

3.3 

3.55 

3.52 

3.3 

3.45 

4.4 

4.48 

4.08 

3.9 

3.9 

3.78 

4.5 

4.2 

4.0 


3.98 

3.9 

3.92 

3.32 

3.6 

3.5 

3.62 

3.6 

3.72 

3.7 

3.62 

3.88 

3.6 

3.92 

3.9 

3.65 
3.65 
3.9 

3.85 
3.75 

3.7 

4.2 

4.45 

4.4 

4.0 

3.88 

3.8 

4.3 

4.42 

4.1 

3.8 


3.7 

3.98 

3.9 

3.9 

3.88 

3.6 

3.5 

3.58 

3.42 

3.4 

3.45 

3.38 

3.3 

3.3 

3.5 

4.0 

3.55 

3.5 

3.28 

3.25 

3.3 

3.45 
3.5 
3.5 
3.4 

3.5 

3.5 

3.55 

3.9 

3.42 


3.75 

3.9 

3.8 

3.92 

3.9 

3.78 

3.85 

3.5 

3.7 

3.68 

4.0 

3.9 

3.85 

3.85 

3.5 

3.98 

4.0 

3.85 

3.8 

3.98 

3.85 

3.6 

3.88 

3.9 

3.95 

3.88 
3.6 
3.82 
3. 65 
3.4 


3.4 

3.45 

3.4 

3.55 

3.5 

3.55 
3.48 
3.98 
3.55 
4.12 

4.15 

3.6 

3.9 

3.65 

4.0 

4.08 

4.0 

3.6 

3.7 

3.5 

4.05 

4.08 

4.05 

4.1 

4.1 

3.6 

3.6 

3.98 

3.75 

3.7 

3.5 


3.95 
3.98 
3.9 
3.8 

3.88. 

3.7 

4.18 

4.2 

4.0 

4.1 

3.98 

3.9 

3.6 

4.0 

4.0 

3.85 
4.0 
4.0 
4.0 

3.68 

4.0 

3.98 

4.0 

4.2 

4.1 

3.95 
3.8 
4.2 
3.9 
4.2 
4.18 


3.9 

3.5 

3.52 

4.15 

3.98 

4.0 
4.0 
4.0 
3.5 
3.4 

4.1 

4.15 

4.1 

4.0 

3.98 

3.5 

3.38 
3.40 
4.12 
4.1 

4.05 

3.6 

3.85 

3.42 

3.8 

3.9 
4.0 
4.2 
4.2 
4.0 
3.32 


4.1 
3.9 
3.9 
4.1 
3.9 

3.88 

4.1 

4.0 

3.8 

3.8 

4.0 

4.0 

4.18 

4.1 

4.0 

4.0 

3.75 

4.0 

4.15 

4.2 

3.85 

3.98 

3.9 

3.75 

4.0 

4.0 

4.4 

4.2 

3.92 

3.8 

3.82 


4.12 
3.72 
3.5 
3.5 

3.9S 

3.55 

3.52 

3.6 

4.1 

4.15 

3.6 

4.15 

3.55 

3.45 

3.6 

3.6 

3.6 

3.65 

3.5 

3.5 

3.48 

3.78 

4.2 

3.6 

3.65 

3.62 

3.58 

3.4 

3.5 

3.55 


4 15 


2 


3.85 


3 


4 1 


4 


4.08 


5 


4.1 


6 


4 1 


7 


3 8 


8 


4.15 


9 


4 2 


10 


4.15 


11 


4.15 


12 


4.1 


13 


4.15 


14 


3 8 


15 


4.0 


16 


4 1 


17 


4 12 


18 


4.0 


19 


4 


20 


4.0 


21 


3 78 


22 


4 5 


23 


4.15 


24 


4 1 


25 


4 15 


26 


4 2 


27 


4 1 


28 


3.8 


29 


3 9 


30 


4.18 


31 



















Day. 


October. 


November. 


December. 


A.M. 


P.M. 


A.M. 


P.M. 


A.M. 


P.M. 


1913. 
1 


3.5 
3.5 
3.8 
3.8 
3.6 

3.6 
3.7 
3.6 
3.7 
3.65 

3.62 

3.4 

3.65 

3.8 

3.8 

3.78 

3.7 

3.7 

3.7 

3.7 

4.1 

3.9 

3.85 

3.8 

3.78 

4.2 

4.15 

4.0 

3.8 

3.7 

3.7 


3.95 
4.2 
4.2 
4.0 

3.88 

4.2 

4.15 

4.1 

4.15 
4.2 

4.2 
3.9 
4.3 
4.2 
4.18 

4.25 
4.3 
4.3 
3.98 

4.4 

4.25 
4.32 
4.3 
4.3 

4.7 

4.3 

4.3 

4.2 

4.15 

4.1 

4.1 


3.62 

3.65 

3.4 

3.6 

3.4 

3.5 

3.6 

3.65 

3.5 

4.2 

3.9 

3.78 

3.72 

3.65 

3.6 

3.58 

3.5 

3.55 

3.5 

3.8 

3.68 

3.65 

3.5 

3.55 

3.62 

3.58 

3.4 

3.4 

3.6 

3.48 


4.0 

3.8 

4.0 

4.15 

4.0 

4.2 

4.25 

4.0 

4.4 

4.3 

4.2 
4.0 
4.0 
4.1 
3.92 

4.0 

4.25 
4.3 
4.28 
4.3 

4.25 

4.3 

3.98 

4.3 

4.2 

4.3 

4.0 

3.95 

4.2 

3.92 


3.7 

3.45 

3.6 

3.68 

3.55 

3.4 

3.48 

3.7 

3.75 

3.7 

3.72 

3.8 

3.7 

3.4 

3.6 

3.48 

3.4 

3.6 

3.5 

3.55 

3. 55 

3.5 

3.5 

3.45 

3.6 

3.9 


4.2 


2 


4.25 


3 


4.3 


4 


4.2 


5 


4.2 


6 


4.18 


7 


4.0 


8 


4.15 


9 


4.2 


10 


4 25 


11 


4.2 


12 


4.2 


13 


4.12 


14 


3.82 


15 


3.7 


16 


3.72 


17 


4.2 


18 


4 18 


19 


4.2 


20 


4.15 


21 


3.98 


22 


4.15 


23 


4.2 


24 


4.2 


25 


3.95 


26 


4.1 


27... 




28 






29 : 






30 






31 

















Note. — Gage read at about 6 a. m. and 6 p. m. 



LAKE CHAMPLAIK DRAINAGE BASIN. 



39 



WINOOSKI RIVER ABOVE STEVENS BRANCH,' NEAR MONTPELIER, VT. 

Location. — About half a mile above the mouth of Stevens Branch and 3 miles from 
Montpelier. 

Drainage area. — 196 square miles. 

Records available.— May 18, 1909, to November 15, 1913. 

Gage. — Vertical staff attached to a boulder on right bank. 

Discharge measurements. — Made from lower railroad bridge about half a mile 
below the gage or by wading. 

Channel and control. — Channel covered with rocks and boulders; control not per- 
manent. 

WiNTERjPLOw. — Stage-discharge relation seriously affected by ice. 

Regulation . — Distribution of flow affected by operation of power plant a short dis- 
tance above the gage. 

Accuracy. — Data insufficient for determination of daily discharge subsequent to 
1910. 

Discharge measurements of Winooski River above Stevens Branch, near Montpelier, Vt., 

during 1909-1914. 



Date. 


Made by— 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Date. 


Made by— 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


1909. 
May 18 
27 
June 26 


D.M.Wood 


Feet. 
4.15 
3.25 
2.86 
2.60 
2.59 
2.29 
2.28 

3.14 
2.8 

2.64 
2.19 
2.19 


Sec.-ft. 
888 
394 
196 
107 
104 
59 
54 

274 
a 223 

136 

44 
44 


1911. 
Aug. 5 
6 

1912. 
Feb. 20 
June 15 
Sept. 5 
Oct. 12 

1913. 
Sept. 16 

1914. 
Apr. 27 


G. H. Canlield 

do 

G. H. Canfleld 


Feet. 
L75 

2.38 

2.67 
3.27 
2.75 
2.30 

2.56 

4.58 


Sec.-ft. 


do 

do 


72 


July 2 


do 




22 


do 


150 


22 


do 


C.C. Covert... 


1226 


22 


do 

T. W. Norcross 

C.C. Covert 


J. G . Mathers 


130 


1910. 
Apr. 22 
Oct. 26 


Covert and DeGolyer . . 
G. H. Canfleld 


47 
88 


1911. 
June 21 


G. H. Canfield 


C. H. Pierce and R. S. 
Barnes. 


1,340 


21 


. . do 




Aug. 5 


do 





a Uncertain. 



Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Winooski River above Stevens Branch, near Montpelier, 

Vt., for 1909-10. 



Day. 


May. 


June. 


July. 


Aug. 


Sept. 


Oct. 


Day. 


May. 


June. 


July. 


Aug. 


Sept. 


Oct. 


1909. 
1. 




337 
327 
308 
261 
337 

668 
455 
358 
298 
270 

252 
235 
206 
482 
308 


76 
73 
96 
179 
124 

103 
86 
56 
73 

78 

73 
63 
64 
63 
64 


41 
41 
45 
63 

57 

78 
86 
64 
57 
70 

64 
63 
54 
43 
35 


47 

43 

252 

422 

179 

38 

44 
44 
46 
44 

44 
44 
37 
37 
39 


482 
368 
428 
632 
379 

347 
289 
248 
202 
110 

90 
96 
80 
92 

78 


1909. 
16 




235 
206 
374 
322 
235 

202 
190 
157 
160 
136 

168 
98 
92 
76 
65 


58 
69 
60 
76 
99 

73 
73 
83 
73 

68 

66 
60 
50 
48 
48 
44 


30 
78 
73 
68 
60 

57 
56 
51 
41 
39 

32 
28 
31 
34 
33 
46 


47 
47 
50 
56 
54 

50 
48 
50 
53 

57 

64 

68 

592 

710 

565 


65 


2 




17 




68 


3. 




18 


886 
710 
886 

680 
532 
532 
466 
395 

389 
374 
3G3 
592 
466 
358 


72 


4 




19 


68 


5 




20 .. 


66 


6 




21 


70 


7 




22 


65 


8 




23 


64 


9. . 




24 . . . 


68 


10 




25 


64 


11. 




26. . 


64 


12... 




27 

28 

29 

30 

31 


60 


13. 




64 


14 




66 


15 




65 






65 









40 



SURFACE WATERS OF VERMOISTT. 



Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Winooski River above Stevens Branch, near Montpelier, 
Vt.,for 1909-10— Continued. 



Day. 



Feb. 



Mar. 



Apr. 



May. 



June. 



July. 



Aug. 



Sept. 



Oct. 



Dec. 



2. . 




3 




4 




5 




6 




7 




8 


298 


9 


171 


10 


210 


11 


190 


12 


136 


13.. . 


70 


14 


171 


15 


136 


16 


107 


17 


231 


18. 


210 


19 


171 


20. 


154 


21 . 


107 


22 


171 


23 

24 

25 

26 

27 

28 

29 


136 
70 
136 

210 
107 
620 


30 




31 





968 
830 
740 



510 

770 
592 
538 
455 

455 
420 
380 
■ 347 
347 

322 
298 
347 
275 
400 

538 
592 
770 
800 
1,280 

1,460 
925 
990 
1,090 
1,120 
1,220 



1,120 

1,060 

1,060 

740 

680 

680 
800 
830 
710 
740 

620 
592 
428 
347 
374 

400 
322 
275 
298 
322 

322 

347 
428 
347 
275 

275 
1,060 
680 
455 
620 



482 
455 
400 
1,060 
740 

800 
482 
468 
455 
400 



252 
252 

275 
252 
252 
275 
298 

275 
252 
252 
171 
455 

1,380 
770 
592 
538 
482 
565 



680 
428 
482 
400 



740 
592 
400 

428 
400 
428 
347 
374 

347 
298 
322 
275 
252 

231 

347 
455 
275 
252 

210 
231 

482 
252 
252 



171 
231 
210 

70 
107 

136 
136 
136 
136 
78 

122 
136 
136 
136 
136 

107 
70 
96 
86 

171 

70 
70 
86 
122 
70 

70 
70 
107 
136 
122 
78 



190 
210 



107 
122 
122 
107 

122 
136 
107 
107 
86 

107 



136 

122 
107 
64 
39 
39 



252 
374 
190 
107 
122 



86 
148 
210 

96 



96 
136 

58 
64 
58 
171 
48 

78 
122 
1,030 
400 
171 



210 
252 
210 
210 
171 

171 
210 
231 

252 
231 

210 
136 
171 
154 
136 

58 
107 
107 
122 

70 

64 
78 
58 
107 
139 

171 
322 
374 
298 
231 
171 



210 
252 
455 
482 
455 

400 
275 
252 
252 

252 

252 
252 
171 
210 
190 

171 
252 
252 
231 
252 

252 
190 



231 
171 
171 
210 
171 



128 
171 
171 
210 



136 
86 
64 

171 

146 
122 

48 



210 
136 
107 
252 
347 

347 
347 
565 
347 
374 
510 



Monthly discharge of Winooski River above Stevens Branch, near Montpelier, Vt., 

for 1909-10. 

[Drainage area, 196 squar.e miles.] 



Month. 



1909. 

May 18-31 

June 

July 

August 

September 

October 

1910. 

February 8-28 

March 

April 

May 

June 

July 

August 

September 

October 

November 

December 



Discharge in second-feet. 



Maximum. 



179 

86 

710 

632 



620 

1,460 

1,120 

1,380 

800 

231 

210 

1,090 

374 

482 

565 



Minimum. I Mean. 



358 
65 
44 
28 
37 
60 



70 
275 
275 
171 
210 
70 
24 
24 
58 
171 



545 

261 
74.8 
52.2 

129 

160 



181 
676 
574 
468 
405 
116 
94. 
155 
175 
252 
203 



Per 
square 
mile. 



2.78 
1.33 
.382 
.266 
.658 
.816 



.923 

3.45 

2.93 

2.39 

2.07 

.592 

.480 

.791 

.894 

1.29 

1.03 



Run-off 
(depth in 
inches on 
drainage 
area). 



1.45 
1.48 
.44 
.31 
.73 
.94 



.72 

3.98 

3.27 

2.76 

2.31 

.68 

.55 

.88 

1.03 

1.44 

I.IS 



Note. — Daily discharge determined from rating curve well defined above 48 second-feet, 
charge Nov. 23-30, 1910, estimated as 200 second-feet. 



Mean dis- 



U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 



WATER-SUPPLY PAPER 424 PLATE IX 




A. CABLE CAR AND CABLE SUPPORT. 




B. GAGE HOUSE. 
WINOOSKI RIVER (RIGHT BANK) AT MONTPELIER, VT. 



U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 



WATER-SUPPLY PAPER 424 PLATE X 




A. MEASURING SECTION ON WINOOSKI RIVER AT WIONTPELIER, VT., LOOKING UPSTREAM. 




B. GAGE HOUSE ON S!GhT BANK OF LAMOILLE RIVER AT CADYS FALLS. VT. 



LAKE CHAMPLAIlSr DEAHSTAGE BASIN. 



41 



WINOOSKI RIVER AT MONTPELIER, VT. 

Location. One mile downstream from the Central Vermont Railway station in Mont- 

pelier, about three-eighths mile above the mouth of Dog River and li miles below 
mouth of Worcester Branch. FromMay 19, 1909, to June 30, 1914, station was main- 
tained at the highway bridge just above the Central Vermont Railway station. 

Drainage area.— 420 square miles (measured on post-route map, edition of 1915). 

Records available.— May 19, 1909, to September 30, 1916. 

Gages.— Gurley 7-day water-stage recorder installed July 4, 1914, on right bank. 
Gage heights referred to gage datum by means of a hook gage inside the well. 
An outside staff gage is used for auxiliary readings. From June 16 to July 3, 1914, 
records were obtained from the staff gage. A chain gage was maintained at the 
highway bridge from May 19, 1909, 



5.0- 



Discharge 565 second-feet 



4.75 



4.60 



to June 30, 1914. (See PI. IX, B.) 

Discharge measurements.— Made 
from a cable (PL IX, A) or by 
wading (PI. X, A). Prior to July, 
1914, measurements were made 
from the highway bridge, the rail- 
road bridge, and from a suspension 
footbridge. 

Channel and control. — Channel 
deep and of faMy uniform section 
at the gage. The control for the 
gage at new site is defined by a 
rock outcrop about 500 feet down- 
stream. Control section for gage at 
highway bridge formed by a reef of 
rocks about 200 feet downstream. 

Extremes op discharge. — Maximum 
stage recorded at new gage datum, 
17.31 feet April 7, 1912, found by 
leveling from flood marks preserved 
on building near the gage (discharge 
not determined); minimum stage 
1914-1916, 2.77 feet August 13, 1914, 
and October 24, 1915 (discharge, 19 
second-feet). 

Winter flow. — Stage-discharge rela- 
tion seriously affected by ice during 
the winter months. Records based 
on gage heights corrected for back- 
water by means of discharge meas- 
urements, observer's notes, and cli- 
matic records. 

Diversions. — Water for the cities of 
Montpelier and Barre is obtained 
from tributaries of the river. The 
sewer systems of both cities, however, discharge into the river above the gage. 

Regulation. — ^A study of the discharge records indicates that 1,220,000,000 cubic 'feet 
of storage might be required to insure a continuous flow of 210 second-feet or 0.5 
second-foot per square mile at Montpelier for 90 per cent of the time during a 
year of extremely low flow; a storage of 404,000,000 cubic feet would probably 
insure this rate of flow for 90 per cent of the time during the average year. The 
operation of power plants on the main stream and tributaries above the station 
causes large diurnal fluctuations in stage. (See fig. 1.) 

Accuracy. — Results good since relocation of station in 1914. Mean daily discharge can 
not be accurately determined from the two observations a day obtained prior to 19 14 . 




. „, 235 second-feet 
4.25 — 



FiGuEE 1.— Gage-height record, Winooski River at 
MontpeUer, Vt. 



42 



SURFACE WATERS OF VERMONT. 



Discharge measurements of Winooski River at Montpelier, Vt., during 1909-1916. 



Date. 



1900. 

May 20 

27 

June 25 

July 22 

1910. 

Apr. 22 

23 

July 24 

Oct. 26 

1911. 
June 20 
Aug. 6 

1912. 

Feb. 19 

Sept. 4 

Oct. 12 

13 

14 

1913. 

Mar. 8 

25 

26 

Apr. 26 

Sept. 15 

16 

1914. 
Apr. 23 
25 
27 



Made by- 



D. M.Wood. 

do 

do 

do 



T. W . Norcross 

do 

Butterfleld and Brett. 
CO. Covert 



G. H. Canfleld. 
do 



G.H. Canfleld. 
J. G. Mathers.. 
C. S. DeGolver. 

do ■-... 

do 



C. S. DeGolyer. 
R. S. Barnes... 

do 

do 

G.H. Canfleld. 
do 



Pierce and Barnes. 

do 

do 



Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Feet. 
6.40 
4.69 
4.17 
4.17 


Sec.-ft. 
1,750 

457 

259 

242 


4.67 
5.06 
3.72 
4.70 


466 

676 

79 

S89 


4.18 
3.35 


236 
17.1 


4.77 
4.08 
4.01 
4.85 
4.51 


174 
203 
180 
554 
341 


4.33 
8.41 
9.54 
j.40 
3.87 
3.97 


203 
4,140 
5,850 

895 
93 

105 


7.86 
7.38 
7.85 


2,760 
2,580 
3,170 



Date. 



July 



1914. 

May 15 

16 

29 

1 

1 

2 

19 

21 

Oct. 5 

Nov. 25 

Dec. 22 

1915. 
Jan. 9 
Feb. 11 
Mar. 16 
25 
May 3 

3 
June 6 

6 
Nov. 16 
Dec. 20 

1916. 
Jan. 12 
Feb. 13 
Mar. 22 
Apr. 6 



Made by- 



C. S. DeGolyer 

..do 

..do 

..do 

..do....... 

..do 

..do 

..do 

C. H. Pierce. 
C.S. DeGolyer 
....do 



C.H. Pierce.. 
R. S. Barnes. 
C.H.Pierce.. 
do 



R. S. Barnes. 

do 

C.H.Pierce.. 

do 

G. F. Adams. 
R. S. Barnes. 



R. S. Barnes. 

do 

do 

do.. 

do 



Gage 
height. 



Feet. 
5.07 
4.99 
4.46 
3.86 
3.92 
4.19 
3.00 
3.63 
3.68 
3.83 
J 4. 14 



a 4. 98 
a 4. 66 
3.84 
4.85 
4.74 
4.72 
2.905 
3.34 
4.10 
<J4.23 



O5.08 

5.24 

5.65 

6.58 

5.52 



Dis- 
charge. 

Sec.-ft. 
592 
674 
311 
257 
268 
361 
39.1 
170 
216 
255 
248 



394 
254 
254 
823 
754 
738 
34. 
117 
386 
247 



367 

408 

385 

1,330 

1,310 



a Stage-discharge relation affected by ice. 

Tivice-daily discharge, in second-feet, of Winooski River at Montpelier, Vt., for 1909-191-' 

[Chain gage at highway bridge.] 



Day. 


May. 


June. 


July. 


Aug. 


Sept. 


A. M. 


P. M. 


A.M. 


P. M. 


A.M. 


P. M. 


A.M. 


P. M. 


A.M. 


P. M. 


1909. 
1 






1,290 

1,060 

430 

405 

371 

480 
480 
330 
312 
405 

298 
590 


1,060 

1,060 

334 

272 

620 

381 
311 
242 
357 
330 

321 


206 
126 
15 


150 
73 
5 






116 
107 
116 
126 


73 


2 






""m 

119 
103 

119 
210 


154 
110 
89 
136 

103 


78 


3 






73 


4. 






47 


5 












6 






267 
198 
246 
129 
113 


206 
176 
187 
103 
97 


150 




7 






100 


8 , 








132 
126 
116 

107 


86 


9 






154 

103 
129 
119 
110 


si' 

89 
97 

89 


95 


10 






73 


11 . . 






78 


12 






146 
97 
202 
136 

122 
222 


103 
136 
183 
113 

76 




13 






116 
100 
116 

100 
116 
126 


69 


14 








455 
405 

316 
316 
607 
405 


73 


15 






535 

430 
371 
590 
635 




16 1 




97 
71 
64 
97 
89 

103 


44 
63 
76 
76 
81 

81 


69 


17 




78 


18 




73 


19 


1,380 
1,760 

1,130 
910 
945 
840 

775 

480 
455 
680 
840 


263 
234 

195 
161 
129 
210 


183 
172 

136 
116 
103 




20 


1,760 

1,380 
1,050 


132 

126 
116 
126 
100 
132 


78 


21 


480 
260 
307 
353 
250 

381 


316 
230 
316 
230 
430 

298 


86 


22 


73 


23 


.119 
103 
202 

172 
154 
164 


84 
119 
154 

143 
110 
119 


62 


24... 


840 

807 

535 
507 
535 
1,060 
910 


61 


25 


73 


26 


154 
89 
110 
129 
119 
129 


103 
76 
89 

103 
97 




27 


139 

620 

1,130 

480 


86 


28 


267 
226 
246 


161 
176 

187 


1 210 


29 


910 


30 


150 
126 


100 
86 




31 


















LAKE CHAMPLAIlsr DEAINAGE BASIN. 



43 



Twice-daily discharge, in second-feet, of Winooski River at Montpelier, Vt., for 1909- 

1914^ContiavLed. 



Day. 


October. 


November. 


December. 


Day. 


October. 


November. 


December. 


A.M. 


P.M. 


A.M. 


P.M. 


A.M. 


P.M. 


A.M. 


P.M. 


A.M. 


P.M. 


A.M. 


P.M. 


1909. 
1 . 


381 

357 


289 



289 
334 
334 
357 
357 

289 


246 

246 
246 
246 
246 

226 


334 
334 
289 
334 


289 
246 
226 


1909. 
16 


246 


187 


311 

357 
334 
357 
334 


206 

246 
206 
246 
226 


289 
289 
334 


246 


2 


17 


226 


3 . 


18 


246 
26^ 


206 
206 


289 


4 


334 
303 

289 
267 
226 
267 


267 
246 

206 
198 
206 
226 


19 




5. . 


20 






6 . 


357 
289 
226 
246 
289 

267 


246 
168 
168 
206 

226 


21 






311 

289 
187 
246 


206 


7 


22. . 






357 
334 
334 


246 

226 
267 


206 


8. . 


267 
267 
267 

289 
289 
267 


206 
187 
206 

206 
206 

187 


23 


289 


226 


132 


9 


24 


246 


10 


25 


357 

334 
334 
334 
289 
289 


289 

267 
267 
246 
267 
226 




11 


334 
311 
289 
334 
246 


289 
267 

""267" 
206 


26 


334 
334 


246 






12. 


27 






13.. 


267 




28 








14 


29 


334 
334 


246 
226 






15 


334 


246 


289 


226 


30 








31 























Day. 


April. 


May. 


June. 


July. 


August. . 


September. 


A.M. 


P.M. 


A.M. 


P.M. 


A.M. 


P.M. 


A.M. 


P.M. 


A.M. 


P.M. 


A.M. 


P.M. 


1910. 
1 






1,050 
1,050 
1,130 
4,050 
1,560 

980 
650 




1,860 


1,560 






289 
206 
246 
132 
650 

381 
381 
710 
246 
246 

334 
430 
381 
430 
246 

246 
289 
334 
289 
334 


"""ies' 

168 
168 
590 

381 

"'"206' 
246 

381 
381 
430 


206 
206 
132 


168 


2 










246 


3 
















206 


4 


1,470 
1,470 

1,560 
1,860 
1,760 
1,470 


"i,"976" 
1,760 

'i,"866' 

1,130 
910 
775 
775 
710 

590 
535 
562 


2,420 
1,380 

840 
590 


650 










5 






381 

381 
246 
206 
168 

132 
246 
289 
289 
246 

246 
168 
168 
168 
206 

206 
206 

"m 

168 
100 
206 
246 
246 
289 


381 

590 
430 
430 
334 
289 

246 

289 




6 


980 
1,970 
1,050 


980 

2,080 

980 


480 
246 
206 
132 
73 

73 
381 
289 
334 
289 

289 
334 
246 
132 

168 

246 
168 
289 
246 
168 

206 
100 
246 
381 
289 
381 


480 


7 


430 


8 


334 


9 


650 
1,470 

650 
650 
430 
381 


710 
1,380 

590 
480 
430 
334 


289 


10 


910 
650 


775 
650 


246 


11 


2,080 
910 

775 
775 
775 

590 




12 


289 


13 


840 
775 
650 

840 
710 
590 


775 
775 
710 

775 
650 
590 




14 






15 


246 

289 
334 
381 
289 






16 


381 
910 
334 
650 
430 

334 


334 
334 

"'"596' 
480 

381 






17 






18 


535 






19 






20 






381 

430 
381 
535 
480 
381 


430 
334 

""'38i" 






21 












22 






246 
168 
206 
226 

246 
206 


"""i32" 
132 
187 

206 
168 


206 
246 
289 

312 
334 
710 
19 
590 


289 


23 






381 
381 
381 

5,020 

1,860 

980 


289 
289 
710 

3,920 

1,300 

980 


246 


24 








25 






289 


26 






246 


27 






289 
775 


381 

840 


289 


28 


1,300 
1,130 




535 


29 


246 
226 
246 


187 
168 
206 


73 


30 












535 


31 






840 


1,130 























44 



SURFACE WATERS OF VERMONT. 



Twice-daily discharge, in second-feet, of Winooski River at Montpelier, Vt., for 1909- 

1914 — Continued . 



Day. 


October. 


November. 


December. 


Day. 


October. 


November. 


December. 


A.M. 


P.M. 


A.M. 


P.M. 


A.M. 


P.M. 


A.M. 


P.M. 


A.M. 


P.M. 


A.M. 


P.M. 


1910. 
1 






334 
289 
381 
430 
650 


206 

187 

334 

507 

•590 


100 
168 
132 


51 
""73 


1910. 
16 






430 
535 
590 
535 


334 

480 
430 
405 


168 
132 

"267" 
206 

168 


100 


2 






17 


289 
206 
168 
206 

206 
246 


168 
150 
100 
132 

100 
168 


51 


3 






18 


168 


4 






19 


132 


5 






100 

73 
73 
132 
100 
73 


51 

51 
33 
51 
62 
33 


20 


132 


6 






21 


430 
480 
535 
430 
480 

381 


381 
381 
430 
357 
334 

289 




7 






590 
650 
535 
590 

480 
480 


535 
562 
480 
430 

381 
535 


22.. 




8 . 






23 






9 






24 -. 


289 
206 

289 
312 
334 
381 


226 
168 

206 
206 
268 
289 






10 . . . 






25 






11 




132 
132 
116 
100 
100 


26 






12 


206 
168 
206 
168 


73 
168 
100 
168 


15 
73 
19 
62 


27 






13 


28 


246 
289 
100 


168 
132 
73 






14 


381 
480 


289 
381 


29 






15 . . 


30 








31 


289 


206 



















Day. 


June. 


July. 


August. 


September. 




A.M. 


P.M. 


A.M. 


P.M. 


A.M. 


P.M., 


A.M. 


P.M. 


1911. 
1 






132 
5 
132 
100 
132 

206 
132 
116 
11 
100 

100 
116 
100 
100 
19 

2 
206 
334 
334 
334 

206 

132 

5 

132 

187 

267 
206 
168 
381 
480 
334 


226 
11 

150 
15 

168 

132 
206 
168 
11 
100 

206 

168 

150 

11 

19 

3 

86 

507 

334 

246 

187 

86 

5 

267 

246 

334 
168 
246 
775 
334 
246 


334 
168 
246 
267 
168 

2 

206 

206 

226 

73 

100 
132 
19 
168 
132 

206 
168 
168 
246 
33 

289 
246 
206 
246 
206 

168 
11 
168 
1,560 
535 
381 


206 
206 
246 
246 
150 

33 
132 
168 
206 
132 

132 
132 
19 
206 
100 

246 
206 
289 
246 
168 

289 
246 
246 
267 
246 

132 
11 

289 

1,050 

430 

334 


246 
206 
73 
168 
312 

289 
535 
334 
246 
289 

381 
246 
246 
246 
100 

650 
430 
334 

289 
289 

168 
289 
289 
100 
206 

334 
246 
334 
334 
289 


289 


2 






168 


3 






168 


4 .... 






206 


5 






289 


6 






289 


7 






430 


8 






334 


9 






226 


10 






289 


11 






334 


12 






357 


13 






246 


14 






289 


15 






289 


16 






480 


17 






381 


18 . 






381 


19 






334 


20 






168 


21 




206 
100 


289 


22 




206 


23 


206 


100 


24 


132 


25 






289 


26 


168 
132 
73 
168 
100 




334 


27 


334 


28 


334 


29 


381 


30 


381 


31 















LAKE CHAMPLAIN DKAINAGE BASIN. 



45 



Twice-daily discharge, in second-feet, of Winooski River at Montpelier, Vt., for 1909- 

1914— Contianed. 



Day. 


October. 


November. 


December. 


Day. 


October. 


November. 


December. 


A.M. 


P.M. 


A.M. 


P.M. 


A.M. 


P.M. 


A.M. 


P.M. 


A.M. 


P.M. 


A. M. 


P. M. 


1911. 
1 


289 
430 
430 
334 
1,130 

710 

480 
381 
480 
381 

381 
206 
381 
334 

168 


' "480' 

381 

1,210 

1,050 

590 
430 

"38i' 
381 

381 
246 
289 
334 


480 
480 
430 
430 
334 

430 

480 
775 
590 
590 

535 
430 
1,210 
775 
590 


480 
430 
381 
381 
289 

381 
710 
775 
635 
535 

480 
405 
1,050 
590 
535 


650 
590 
430 
334 
334 

381 
381 
430 
480 


590 
535 
381 
334 
334 

430 
405 
381 
381 


1911. 
16 


381 

334 

289 

3,140 

1,210 

775 
590 
775 
840 
590 

480 
431 
380 
334 
430 
334 


381 
289 
381 

2,540 
1,050 

710 
535 
910 
710 
650 

480 
405 
334 
334 
430 
334 


535 
430 
480 
775 
1,050 

1,050 

1,050 

650 

535 

535 

289 
480 
480 
1,470 
710 


480 
480 
650 
840 
1,050 

980 
980 
381 
480 
480 

334 
430 
381 
1,560 
650 






2 . 


17 






3 


18 






4.. . 


19 






5 


20 






6 


21 






7.. 


22 




■ 


8 


23 






9.. 


24 






10 


25 






11 






26 






12 






27 






13 






28 






14 






29 






15 






30 












31 



















Day. 



1912. 



April. 



A.M. P. M 



9,500 
5,020 
2j780 

2,780 
2,540 
3,140 
3,020 
3,270 

6,340 
6,490 
4,050 
3,920 
3,790 

3,020 
2,540 

4,460 
2,540 
2,080 

1,660 
1, 5fi0 
1,300 
1,130 



1,210 
1,300 
1,660 
1, 660 
2,900 

3, 530 
15,000 
6,340 
4,180 
3,270 

3,020 
3,270 
2,540 
3,140 
4,460 

7,900 
5,440 
4,320 
3,660 
3,020 

2,660 
2,190 
3,140 

2,6ro 

1,760 

1,710 
1,380 
1,210 
1,130 
840 



May. 



A.M. P.M 



775 
710 
590 
650 
650 

775 
1,210 
775 
650 
710 

650 
535 
635 
1,970 
910 

1,060 
3,020 
1,560 
1,0(0 
840 

5,440 
4,180 
2,900 
2,190 
1,760 

1,560 
1,0C0 
910 
980 
5,890 
6,190 



710 

650 
620 
680 
650 

1,380 
840 
710 
.680 
650 

535 
480 
535 
1,470 
910 

775 

2,660 

1,380 

910 

910 

4,600 
3,400 
2,900 
1,970 
1,660 

1,210 
1,060 
840 
2,080 
6, 190 
6,640 



June. 



A.M. P.M 



4,600 
2,900 
2,420 
1, 660 
1,380 

1,.560 
910 
840 
775 



840 
775 
710 
650 
535 



430 
406 
381 
334 

430 
334 
334 
334 
381 

358 
289 
289 
246 
268 



4,050 
2, 660 
1,970 
1, 660 
1,470 

1,210 

980 
875 
710 
775 

840 
710 
710 
535 



508 
406 
381 
381 
381 

334 
334 
334 
334 
334 

334 
289 
246 
246 
268 



July. 



A.M. P.M 



246 
206 
168 
132 
100 

51 
33 
26 
33 
51 

168 
334 
289 
289 
289 

246 
246 
246 
206 
168 



381 
289 
246 

132 

168 
187 
168 
206 
246 



246 
246 
168 
100 
62 

33 
33 
19 
51 
51 

206 

289 
246 
246 



246 
226 
206 
132 

168 
246 
289 
289 
206 

62 
168 
168 
168 
246 
289 



August. 



A.M. P.M 



289 
246 
246 
289 



289 
289 
289 
289 

381 
381 

289 
206 
168 

206 
206 
289 
206 
168 

206 

206 

100 

73 

51 

206 
168 
187 
168 
206 
132 



246 
246 
289 
381 
289 

289 
289 
289 
289 
334 

381 
430 

268 
206 
206 

226 
246 
289 
168 
168 

206 
206 
132 
51 
51 

187 
ir.8 
168 
168 
206 
132 



September. 



A.M. P.M 



168 
132 
430 
268 
289 

312 
334 
168 
246 
206 

246 
246 
226 
226 



535 
590 
535 
508 
590 



650 
430 
430 
381 

381 
334 
334 
910 
590 



206 
246 
334 
246 
246 

334 
358 
168 
. 268 
206 

246 
334 

226 
246 
650 

590 

480 

535 

535 

1,060 

840 
535 
381 
381 
381 

334 
312 
381 
910 
508 



46 



SURFACE WATERS OP VERMONT. 



Twice-daily discharge, in second-feet, of Winooski River at Montpeiier., Vt.,for 1909- 

1 914 — Continued . 



Day. 


October. 


November. 


December. 


January. 


February. 


March. 


A.M. 


P.M. 


A.M. 


P'. M. 


A. M. 


P.M. 


A.M. 


P.M. 


A.M. 


P.M. 


A.M. 


P.M. 


1912-13. 
1 


480 
455 
334 
268 
246 

132 

289 
289 
289 
289 

206 
206 
480 
334 
334 

334 
312 
268 
168 
132 

289 

226 

168 

6,790 

3,660 

1,660 
980 
650 
480 
480 
480 


480 
381 
334 
206 
168 

100 
289 
289 
246 
289 

246 
206 
381 
334 
430 

334 
289 
268 
132 
132 

289 

206 

334 

4,740 

2,780 

1,380 
840 
710 
480 
590 
480 


4S0 
480 
430 
430 
430 

430 

430 

2,420 

1,560 

910 

050 

910 

775 

2,420 

,1,660 

910 
840 
775 
535 
535 

480 
535 
535 
535 
535 

535 
590 
535 
535 
480 


480 
535 
455 
430 
381 

480 

430 

2, 190 

1,380 

840 

710 

910 

650 

2,300 

1,380 

840 
840 
650 
635 
535 

535 
535 
535 
590 
535 

535 
535 
535 
535 
508 


535 
480 
650 
535 
840 

775 
650 
535 
535 
535 

480 
535 
535 
480 
535 

430 
430 
480 
650 
710 

535 
312 
289 
289 
334 

334 
.334 
381 
381 
381 
710 


535 
480 
535 
635 
910 

650 
535 
535 
690 
535 

535 
535 
480 
635 
636 

465 
480 
480 
840 
535 

430 
289 
289 
289 
334 

312 

400 
381 
368 
381 

, 775 


563 
663 
508 
563 
1,560 

1,210 

1,060 

945 

808 

563 

563 
875 
742 
663 

563 

563 

563 

742 

3,400 

1,380 

3,400 
2,190 
1,060 
1,060 
808 

742 
1,060 

875 
875 
808 
808 


535 
503 
508 
808 
1,560 

1,210 
980 
875 
663 
663 

742 
945 
775 
663 
620 

663 

663 

1,060 

3, 140 

1,210 

4,180 
946 
945 

1,060 

875 

742 
1,060 
946 
876 
876 
742 


945 
508 
563 
563 
535 

381 
381 
334 
289 
381 


980 
406 
620 
590 
480 

381 
406 
289 
381 
381 






2 

3 

4 

5 

6 


289 
289 
334 
289 

334 

289 

289 

368 

1,130 

775 

710 

710 

6,500 

6,540 

4,620 

3,680 

960 

890 

820 

4,020 
6.700 
i;660 
1,760 
3,900 

5,340 
6,300 
3,460 
1,860 
1,660 
1,760 


246 
289 
334 
289 

381 


7 

8 . . . 


289 
334 


9 


590 


10 


1,210 


11 . . . 


775 


12 






742 


13 . 






710 


14 






8,180 


15 






5,700 
4,500 


16 






17 






3,680 


18 






890 


19 






755 


20 






820 


21 






4,260 


22 .... 






5,700 


23 






1,760 
1,760 


24 . . . . 






25 






8,100 


26 






8,340 


27 






9,300 


28 






2,160 


29 






1,760 


30 






1,760 


31. 






1,760 















Day. 



April. 



A.M. P. M 



May. 



A.M. P. M 



June. 



A. M. P. M 



July. 



A.M. P. M 



August. 



September. 



A.M. P.M. A.M. P. M 



1,300 
960 
890 
820 
960 

1,300 
1,300 
1,390 
1,660 
1,660 

1,300 
1,300 
1,300 
1,300 
1,300 

1,300 
1,120 

856 
855 
788 



690 
658 
635 

535 
635 
535 
565 
635 



1,390 
890 
788 
890 
890 

1,670 
1,300 
1,660 
2,060 
1„390 

1,300 
1,300 
1,300 
1,300 
1,300 

1,300 

1,120 

856 

890 

855 



788 
722 
658 
595 

535 
565 
535 
535 

480 



34(8 
309 
309 
272 
309 

309 
290 
272 
309 

272 

254 
272 
309 
309 
272 

290 
309 
290 
272 
272 

309 

480 

1,120 

1,960 

2,160 

2,580 
2,060 
2,160 
2,160 
1,570 
1,040 



348 
309 
309 
290 
309 



272 
309 
309 
272 

254 
309 
309 
309 
290 

290 
309 
272 
272 
309 

309 

596 

1,660 

2,060 

2,680 

2,470 
2,160 
2,260 
1,860 
1,480 
890 



755 
820 
505 
535 
455 

368 
506 
368 
290 
328 

328 
290 
290 
328 
290 

290 
160 
328 
328 
254 

220 
189 
133 
133 
160 

189 
220 
87 
87 
109 



605 
690 
506 
605 
432 

368 
565 
328 
328 
328 

328 
254 
290 
309 
290 

290 
328 
309 
328 
254 

254 
189 
146 
133 
133 

204 
254 
87 
87 
121 



133 
133 
109 
133 
109 

78 
87 
78 
87 
121 

174 
189 
146 
133 
174 

121 
121 
121 
174 



121 
146 
121 
121 



121 
121 
174 
237 
204 
78 



133 
133 
121 
109 



78 
78 
78 
78 
204 

189 
189 
146 
146 

174 

146 
121 
146 
121 

78 

146 
121 
78 
121 
121 

133 
121 
389 
160 
121 
121 



121 
272 
204 
204 
204 

204 
174 
121 
146 
204 

146 
174 
174 
146 
160 

i;74 

146 

174 
189 
174 



220 
455 
755 

410 
625 
254 
160 
189 
160 



146 
204 
237 
204 
220 

204 
174 
146 
160 
160 

160 
174 
174 
160 
174 

174 
160 
204 
189 

189 



109 
290 
536 
690 

605 
455 
189 
189 
189 
189 



160 
160 
109 

68 
87 

133 
109 
160 
133 
121 

109 
121 
133 
109 

87 

44 
78 
133 
109 
146 

146 
133 
368 
290 
189 

133 

146 
109 
25 



174 
133 

98 
87 
160 

109 
121 
109 
109 
133 

133 
133 
133 
121 
51 

20 
98 

174 
98 

160 

146 
189 
328 
220 
146 

174 
133 
51 
37 
87 



LAKE CHAMPLAIN DEAHSTAGE BASIlir. 



4.7 



Twice-daily discharge, in second-feet, of Winooski River at Montpelier, Vt., for 1909- 

1914 — Continued. 



Day. 



October. 



A.M. P.M. 



November. 



A.M. P. M, 



December. 



A.M. P. M, 



March. 



A.M. P.M 



April. 



A.M. P.M, 



May. 



A. M. P. 1. 



1913-14. 

1...: 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

8 

9 

10 

11 

12... 

13 

14 

15... 

16 

17 

18 

19 

20. 

21 

22 

23 

24 

25 

26 

27 

28.... 

29 

30 

31... 



109 
133 
37 
189 
160 

68 
87 
87 
109 
121 

160 
146 
160 
254 
254 

220 

189 

109 

51 

254 

565 
432 
455 
505 
565 

625 
565 
455 
368 
368 
290 



121 
160 
25 
220 
133 

87 
78 
109 
133 
160 

160 
160 
160 
290 
254 

254 
160 
133 
68 
290 

690 
410 
505 
565 
695 

625 
625 
410 
389 
348 
328 



290 
189 
254 
220 
254 

254 
254 
204 
220 
254 

204 
174 
204 
237 
432 

204 
204 
237 

272 
59C 

688 
348 
204 
272 
272 

237 
189 
174 
237 
204 



254 
160 
290 
254 
272 

254 
220 
254 
254 
254 

174 
189 
174 
309 
272 

174 
237 
237 
348 
960 

432 
309 
237 
309 
290 

237 
174 
237 
272 
174 



272 
272 
272 
309 
328 

272 

204 
389 
432 
309 

290 
309 
309 
290 
309 

272 
237 
237 
272 
272 

204 
309 
272 
237 
237 

237 
309 
348 
309 
348 



309 
272 
290 
348 
309 

237 
237 
595 
368 
309 

309 
309 
309 
309 
290 

272 
254 
290 
309 
272 

160 
348 
254 
272 
237 

254 
348 
368 
309 
348 



220 

290 
455 
505 
328 
368 

505 
368 
389 
505 
410 

389 
1,480 
2,360 
2,160 
1,300 
1,040 



368 
625 
368 
368 
389 

410 
455 
410 
368 
328 

565 
2,160 
2,470 
1,660 
1,480 
1,120 



1,300 
2,260 
1,480 
1,040 
1,040 

565 

625 

1,760 

3,460 

2,800 

2,060 
2,800 
2,260 
1,960 
1,960 

1,960 
2,160 
3,130 
4,500 



1,390 
2,360 
1,390 
1,120 
820 

625 

625 

2,260 

3,570 

2,360 

1,960 
3,460 
1,960 
1,960 
1,960 

1,760 
3,130 
3,350 



4,020 
3,460 
2,800 
2,800 

2,470 
3,020 
3, 460 
3,570 



3,790 
3,240 
2,580 
2,470 

2,690 
3,240 
3,240 



2,160 
2,160 
2,160 
2,260 

2,060 
1,660 
1,390 
1,120 
890 

755 
722 
788 
755 
625 

535 
389 
389 
410 
410 

410 
389 
410 
309 
348 

328 
309 
328 
290 
204 
220 



2,060 
1,860 
1,860 
2,260 

1,860 

1,570 

1,210 

890 

890 

722 
625 
755 
690 
535 

410 
410 
410 



389 
348 
254 
272 
328 

328 
328 
254 
328 
1S9 
174 



Day. 


June. 


July. 


August. 


September. 


A.M. 


P.M. 


A.M. 


P.M. 


A.M. 


P.M. 


A.M. 


P.M. 


1914. 
1 


220 
254 
220 
290 
505 

328 
189 
254 
254 
220 

189 
189 
220 
15 
160 

143 
48 
63 
108 
126 

184 
171 
141 
108 
198 

74 
141 

68 
122 
117 


290 
272 
220 
328 
410 

204 
189 
290 
410 
220 

204 
220 
189 
109 
220 

223 
217 
232 
220 
226 

213 
229 
232 
246 
242 

198 
198 

""i87" 
210 


229 

343 
416 
246 

187 

264 
264 
246 
264 
291 

275 
113 
201 
86 
232 

213 
201 
242 


279 
416 
366 
223 

204 

268 
275 
343 
279 
279 

210 
131 
201 
253 
168 

136 
108 


160 
129 
155 
198 
196 

198 
196 
187 
22 
163 

150 
173 
158 
136 
138 

66 
66 
74 
131 
49 

155 
131 
196 
260 
213 

236 

108 
58 
49 


168 

24 

198 

-201 

193 

198 
190 
155 
17 
155 

136 
120 
155 
124 
120 

22 
120 
143 
204 
196 

229 
272 
145 
242 
155 

168 
120 
201 
232 


312 
272 
272 

268 
268 


279 


2 


239 


3 


246 


4 


275 


5 




6 




7 






8 






9 






10 


155 
213 
63 
220 
155 

216 
239 
176 
196 
22 

181 
136 
168 
216 
181 

275 
155 
232 
300 
150 


291 


11 


279 


12 


220 


13... 


59 


14 


246 


15 


193 


16 


223 


17 


210 


18 




19 


173 


20 


155 
171 
176 
155 
196 

97 
108 
131 
190 
204 
204 


232 

226 
173 
198 
204 
160 

21 

190 
201 
155 
213 
204 




21 




22 


173 


23 


196 
204 


24 


25 




26 


236 
86 
279 


27 


28 


29 


30 


246 


31.. 




343 




1 1 







Note —Gage read at about 8.30 a. m. and 4.30 p. m. Chain gage on highway bridge read tmtil June 15, 
1914; staff gage at new station read June 16 to July 3, 1914; after that date two readings a day were taken 
from automatic gage record for comparison. Discharge determined as follows: Prior to June 16, 1914, 
from a fairly well defined rating curve; June 16 to Sept. 30, 1914, from a well-defined rating curve. The 
discharge figures given in the above table correspond to the observed gage heights and do not represent 
the mean discharge for the day. 

73175°— wsp 424—17 4 



48 



SURFACE WATEES OF VEEMONT. 



Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Winooshi River at Montpelier, Vt., for the years ending 

Sept. 30, 19U-1916. 

[New gage.] 



Day. 


June. 


July. 


Aus. 


Sept. 


Day. 


June. 


July. 


Aug. 


Sept. 


1914. 
1 




260 
395 
410 
231 
192 

198 
195 
160 
180 
204 

160 
110 
155 
124 
108 


104 
56 
76 
86 
70 

72 
68 
108 
43 
51 

49 
54 
76 
66 
72 


198 
170 
153 
160 

158 

158 
158 
157 
157 
157 

155 
155 
84 
141 
120 


1914. 
16 


170 
158 
148 
173 
183 

207 
225 
195 
189 
219 

168 
160 
162 
165 
175 


95 
99 
136 
135 
133 

104 
74 
74 
64 

131 

42 
63 
63 
70 
90 
108 


43 
62 
76 
63 
70 

99 
165 
175 
165 
106 

78 
66 
97 
117 
236 
355 


101 


2 




17 


104 


3 




18 


86 


4 




19 


99 


5 




20 


34 


6 




21 


66 


7 




22 


59 


8 




23.. 


78 


9 




24 


104 


10 




25 


82 


11 




26 


148 


12 




27 


108 


13 




28 


165 


14 




29 


143 


15 




30 


131 






31 













Day. 



Oct. Nov, 



Dec. 



Jan. 



Feb. 



Mar. 



Apr. 



June. 



July. 



Aug. Sept, 



1. 
2. 
3. 
4. 
5. 

6. 

7. 
8. 
9. 
10. 

11. 
12. 
13. 
14. 
15. 

16. 

17. 
18. 
19- 
20. 

21. 
22. 
23- 
24- 
25. 

26. 
27. 
28- 
29. 
30. 
31. 



198 
189 
201 
64 
131 

120 
108 
115 
131 
66 

22 
86 
97 



131 
268 
225 
219 

195 
175 
168 
126 
86 

143 
155 
131 
131 
108 
120 



136 
131 
131 
120 

132 
143 
115 
186 
180 

180 
143 
143 
168 
150 

530 
530 
300 
225 
210 

195 
204 
260 
180 
210 

143 
460 
590 
312 
280 



240 
445 
482 
345 
240 

168 
180 
113 
133 
97 

90 
97 
21 

58 
72 

70 
78 
66 
49 
34 

74 
95 
97 



28 
28 
42 
86 
120 
120 



108 
120 
66 



108 

2,030 

2,-530 

375 

260 

195 
180 
143 
131 
86 



49 

131 

1,460 

1,300 

430 
231 
201 
189 
204 

175 
150 
150 
117 
86 
86 



108 
131 
155 
168 

155 

175 
240 
240 
195 

153 
160 
150 
120 
155 

370 
602 
355 
231 
180 

175 
192 
201 
225 
1,000 

1,400 
1,640 
1,100 



930 

825 
620 
578 
620 

590 
518 
530 
470 
420 

420 
370 
345 
320 
320 

320 
240 
234 
225 
260 

210 
222 
288 
560 
720 

1,000 
560 
518 
435 
300 
372 



445 
470 
380 
355 



825 
1,300 
1,640 

3,050 
4,190 
1,880 
1,220 
1,040 

916 
860 
720 
678 
664 

572 
500 
455 
445 
530 

790 
685 
536 
500 
560 



790 
970 
741 



460 
400 
720 
685 
494 

415 
360 
345 
315 

285 

256 
272 
300 
292 
292 

248 
260 
240 
225 
210 

225 
470 
320 
225 
198 
192 



195 
155 
168 
143 
120 



131 
120 
126 
131 

108 
560 
288 
210 
180 

168 
395 
470 
300 
435 

288 
216 
210 
168 
143 

143 
115 
180 
143 
155 



204 
345 
260 
225 



292 
210 
958 
2,300 
860 

470 
320 
260 
272 
231 

195 
195 
335 
296 
390 

260 
260 
560 
320 
234 

225 
240 
225 
210 
225 
168 



120 
320 
350 
222 
204 

198 
178 
150 
410 
470 

316 
234 
210 
195 
163 

207 
450 
320 
228 
195 

170 
124 
626 
460 
590 

445 
853 
222 
170 
204 
178 



LAKE CHAMPLAIN DEAINAGE BASIN. 



49 



Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Winooski River at Montpelier, Vt., for the years ending 
Sept. 30, 1914-1916— Contmued. 



Day. 



Oct. 


Nf>v. 


Dec. 


Jaa. 


Feb. 


Mar. 


Apr. 


May. 


June. 


July. 


Aug. 


113 


163 


300 


1,180 


1,730 


530 


3,830 


909 


566 


350 


228 


86 


133 


210 


1,140 


1,220 


470 


4,450 


839 


370 


300 


168 


58 


136 


195 


1,140 


825 


445 


2,380 


755 


430 


420 


129 


158 


115 


195 


1,040 


620 


395 


1,780 


1,070 


1,100 


470 


115 


216 


108 


110 


1,040 


420 


300 


1,420 


818 


909 


602 


108 


430 


141 


178 


1,600 


560 


280 


1,500 


692 


818 


380 


90 


234 


74 


148 


1,460 


530 


280 


1,550 


608 


657 


256 


99 


189 


108 


145 


790 


395 


280 


1,340 


626 


500 


280 


108 


153 


115 


143 


530 


420 


300 


1,380 


602 


790 


240 


370 


97 


104 


131 


420 


445 


320 


1,220 


524 


1,380 


234 


930 


153 


120 


120 


320 


370 


320 


1,420 


530 


1,380 


195 


470 


124 


108 


42 


240 


345 


300 


1,680 


465 


1,460 


204 


260 


110 


165 


108 


210 


370 


300 


1,550 


420 


1,000 


204 


225 


115 


51 


97 


180 


345 


300 


1,600 


330 


825 


186 


213 


108 


175 


108 


168 


320 


300 


1,600 


375 


620 


195 


160 


195 


225 


97 


143 


320 


320 


1,730 


536 


590 


155 


155 


82 


228 


108 


180 


300 


300 


2,030 


2,480 


811 


195 


150 


148 


148 


131 


168 


300 


260 


2,430 


3,650 


755 


198 


126 


136 


150 


280 


168 


300 


240 


1, 880 


1,550 


584 


183 


131 


165 


440 


280 


143 


240 


280 


1,460 


1,070 


1,140 


153 


76 


168 


445 


180 


155 


240 


240 


1,420 


867 


776 


183 


113 


150 


365 


155 


180 


210 


260 


1,600 


734 


530 


204 


117 


145 


296 


131 


355 


195 


225 


2,700 


818 


470 


207 


110 


52 


248 


120 


500 


195 


210 


2,030 


811 


430 


210 


101 


117 


138 


86 


395 


225 


240 


1,640 


650 


395 


186 


113 


113 


216 


168 


500 


1,140 


260 


1,420 


530 


415 


160 


120 


115 


175 


860 


1,600 


1,300 


445 


1,220 


494 


460 


148 


64 


117 


158 


2,700 


5,790 


970 


970 


1,140 


415 


839 


155 


120 


124 


240 


2,430 


2,230 


650 


1,550 


1,040 


440 


554 


108 


136 


124 


360 


1,380 


1,140 




3,110 


965 


650 


430 


56 


158 


82 




1,260 


1,070 




6,070 




902 




148 


129 



Sept. 



1915-16, 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

8 

9 

10 

11 

12 

13 

14 

15 

16 , 

17 

18.; 

19 

20 

21 

22 

23 

24 

25 

26 , 

27 

28 , 

29 

30 

31 - 



130 
145 
105 
135 
155 

145 
135 
120 
115 
100 

135 
125 
105 
115 
125 

225 
150 
145 
140 
140 

135 
125 
110 
70 
140 

150 
125 
128 
155 
1,010 



Note. — Discharge determined from a rating curve well defined between 30 and 5,000 second-feet. Stage- 
discharge relation affected by ice, Dec. 7, 1914, to Feb. 26, 1915; Dec. 10-27, 1915, and Jan. 8 to Mar. 31, 1916; 
records for these periods based on gage heights corrected for backwater by means of discharge measure- 
ments, observer's notes, and weather records. 



Monthly discharge of Winooski River at Montpelier, Vt.,for the years ending Sept. 30, 

1914-1916. 

[New gage; drainage area, 420 square miles.] 



Month. 



Discharge in second-feet. 



Maximum. 



Miaimum. 



Mean. 



Per 
square 
mile. 



Run-off 
(depth in 
mches on 
drainage 
area). 



Accu- 
racy. 



1914. 

June 16-30 

July 

August 

September 

1914-15 

October 

November 

December 

January 

February 

March 

April 

May 

June 

July 

August 

September 

The year 



225 

410 
355 



268 

590 

482 

2,530 

1,640 

1,000 

4,190 

970 

560 

2,300 

853 

201 



148 
42 



34 



22 
68 
21 
49 
90 
210 
355 
192 
86 
168 
120 
54 



180 
147 
97.2 
126 



134 
225 
126 
373 
359 
463 
923 
397 
208 
382 
296 
129 



0.429 
.350 
.231 
.300 



.319 

.536 
.300 
.888 
.855 
1.10 
2.20 
.945 
.495 
.910 
.705 
.307 



0.24 
.40 
.27 
.33 



.37 
.60 
.35 
1.02 
.89 
1.27 
2.46 
1.09 
.55 
1.05 
.81 
.34 



4,190 



.795 



10.80 



50 



SURFACE WATERS OF VERMONT. 



Monthly discharge of Winooshi River at Montpelier, Vt.,for the years ending Sept. 30, 

1914-1916— Continned. 



Month. 



Discharge in second-feet. 



Maximum. 



Minimum. 



Mean. 



Per 
square 
mile. 



Run-off 
(depth in 
inches on 
drainage 



Accu- 
racy. 



1915-16 

October 

November 

December 

January 

February 

March 

April 

May 

June 

July 

August 

September 

The year 



430 

445 

2,700 

5,790 

1,730 

6,070 

4,450 

3,650 

1,460 

602 

930 

1,010 



62 

61 

42 

143 

195 

210 

965 

330 

370 

56 

64 

70 



406 
844 
534 
648 
,780 
844 
733 
231 
180 
161 



0.336 
.448 
.967 
2.01 
1.27 
1.54 
4.24 
2.01 
1.75 
.550 
.429 
.383 



6,070 



556 



1.32 



0.39 

.50 

1.11 

2.32 

1.37 

1.78 

4.73 

2.32 

1.95 

.63 

.49 

.43 



18.02 



Days of deficiency in discharge of Winooshi River at Montpelier, Vt., during the years ending 

Sept. 30, 1915-16. 



Discharge 
in second- 
feet. 


Theoretical 

horsepower 

per foot 

of faU. 


Days of deficiency 
in discharge. 


Discharge 
in second- 
feet. 


Theoretical 

horsepower 

per foot 

offaU. 


Days of deficiency 
in discharge. 


1914-15 


1915-16 


1914-15 


1915-16 


25 
50 
75 
100 
126 

ISO 

200 
250 
300 
350 

400 
500 
600 
700 
800 


2.8 
5.7 
8.5 
11.4 
14.2 

17.1 

22.7 
28.4 
34.1 
39.8 

45.6 
56.8 
68.2 
79.6 
90.9 


2 

9 

21 

46 
75 

110 

173 
223 
245 
264 

276 
303 
325 
333 
339 




1,000 
1,200 
1,600 
2,000 
2,500 

3,000 
4,000 
6,000. 
8,000 


114 

137 
171 
227 
284 

341 
455 
682 
909 


348 
352 
357 
360 
362 

363 

364 
365 


302 
318 
335 
351 
358 

360 
363 
365 
366 


1 

8 
18 
60 

99 
149 
179 
192 
213 

227 
251 
267 

278 
284 





Note. — The above table gives the theoretical horsepower per foot of fall that may be developed at different 
rates of discharge, and shows the number of days on wliich the discharge and corresponding horsepower 
were respectively less than the amoimts given in the colunuis for discharge and horsepower. In using this 
table, allowance should be made for the various losses, the principal ones being the wheel loss, which may 
be as large as 20 per cent, and the head loss, which may be as large as 5 per cent. 

WINOOSKI RIVER AT RICHMOND, VT. 

Location. — At the steel highway bridge about one-fourth mile from Richmond rail- 
way station on the road to Huntington, 2 miles below mouth of Huntington River. 

Drainage area. — 985 square miles.« 

Records available .—June 25, 1903, to April 30, 1907; July 8 to October 31, 1910. 

Gage. — Chain on highway bridge; read twice daily by George Champang and J. N. 
Buley. 

Discharge measurements. — Made from the bridge or by wading. 

Channel and control. — Channel of gravel and alluvium. Control somewhat 
shifting. 



a Erroneously given as 885 square miles in reports previously published. 



LAKE CHAMPLAIlSr DBAINAGE BASIN. 



51 



Extremes of discharge. — Maximum open water stage recorded, 18.7 feet at 7 a. m. 
March 26, 1904 (approximate discharge from extension of rating curve, 29,300 
second-feet); minimum stage, 3.45 feet August 20, 1906 (discharge, 225 second- 
feet). 

Winter flow. — Stage-discharge relation seriously affected by ice; flow estimated 
from discharge measurements, observer's notes and records of precipitation and 
temperature. 

Diversions. — No diversions except from tributaries for municipal use. 

Regulation. — Power developments above the station affected the distribution of 
flow at low stages. 

Discharge measurements of WinoosM River at Richmond, Vt., during 1903-1907 and 1910. 



Date. 



1903. 
June 6 
25 
July 



Aug. 



6 

22 

7 

13 

13 

Sept. 15 

15 

Nov. 11 

1904. 

May 4 

7 

10 

Aug. 18 

Oct. 31 



Made by — 



H. K. Barrows. 

do 

do 

N. C. Grover. . . 
H. K. Barrows. 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 



H. K. Barrows. 

J. H. Ayres 

do 

H. K. Barrows. 
do 



height. 



Feet. 
4.00 
5.05 
4.50 
5.33 
4.23 
4.40 
4.42 
3.70 
3.78 
4.42 



7.10 
6.16 
5.89 
4.08 
5.08 



Dis- 
charge. 



Sec.-ft. 
202 

1,040 
545 

1,320 
392 
450- 
475 
146 
154 
452 



3,610 
2,360 
1,930 
352 
1,210 



Date. 



1905. 

Mar. 3 

4 

Apr. 3 

May 13 

1906. 

Mar. 9 
29 

Apr. 13 
18 
25 
25 

May 23 
23 

Sept. 25 

Nov. 30 

1910. 
July 9 
Aug. 29 



Made by — 



H. K. Barrows 

do 

A. D. Butterfleld 

do 

H. K. Barrows 

A. D. Butterfleld 

do 

Butterfleld and Nye . . 

A. D. Butterfleld 

G. M. Brett 

Butterfleld and Brett. 

do 

Butterfleld and Pierce 
A. D. Butterfleld 

Butterfleld and Brett . 
G. M. Brett 



Gage 
height. 



Feet. 

a 5. 45 

5.58 

6.65 

4.97 



15.53 
6.96 
6.57 
9.55 
6.50 
6.50 
4.97 
4.97 
3.92 
5.10 



4.31 
3.80 



Dis- 
charge. 



Sec.-ft. 

206 

262 

3,070 

1,180 



585 
3,190 
3,500 
9,180 
3,380 
3,210 
1,240 
1,290 

389 
1,350 



408 

148 



a Stage-discharge relation aflected by ice. 

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of WinoosJci River at Richmond, Vt., for the years ending 
Sept. SO, 1903-1907 and 1910. 



Day. 


June. 


July. 


Aug. 


Sept. 


Day. 


June. 


July. 


Aug. 


Sept. 


1903. 
1 




435 
620 
710 
470 
370 

505 
540 
435 
340 
260 

285 
2«5 
215 
260 
260 


800 
755 
630 
500 
370 

435 
400 
340 

285 
285 

340 
340 
505 
400 
340 


285 
235 
260 
235 
235 

235 
215 
215 
235 
235 

195 
215 
195 
165 
195 


1903. 
16 




285 
400 
370 
285 
340 

1,630 
1,300 
2,350 
1,8.50 
950 

850 
950 
665 
580 
1,000 
1,410 


235 
260 
260 
235 
850 

710 
505 
370 
340 
340 

340 
340 
315 

285 
235 
235 


195 


2 . - 


17 


180 


3 




18 


195 


4 




19. 


165 


5 




20 


165 


6 




21 1 


140 


7 




22 - 


195 


8 




23. . ! 


140 


9 




24 


180 


10 




25.. . 


1,000 

800 
665 
505 
470 
435 


140 


11 




26 


180 


12 




27 


140 


13 




28 

29 


140 


14 




165 


15 




30 


165 






31. . . . 













52 



SUEFACE WATERS OP VERMONT. 



Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Winooski River at Richmond, Vt.,for the years ending 
Sept. 30, 1903-1907 and 1910— Continued. 



Day. 



1903-4. 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

8 

9 

10 

11 

12 

13 

14 

15 

16 

17 

18 

19 

20 

21 

22 

23 

24 

25 

26 

27 

28 

29 

30 

31 

1904-5. 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

8 , 

9 

10 

11 

12 

13 

14 

15 

16 

17 

18 , 

19 , 

20 

21 , 

22 

23 

24 

25 

26 

27 

28 

29 

30 

31 



140 
195 
235 
195 

285 

340 
285 
260 
620 
1,200 

800 
620 
435 
400 
315 

260 
285 
285 
710 
900 

710 

505 
435 
800 
755 

620 
620 
540 
505 
620 
1,150 



4,630 
5,350 
2,930 
2,090 
1,520 

1,410 
1,300 
1,000 
1.000 
900 

1,200 
1,250 
1,050 
1,150 
1,200 

1,100 



710 
710 

1,850 
9,500 
2,930 
2,090 
1,630 

1,410 
1,850 
1,740 
1,630 
1,410 
1,100 



Nov. 



1,050 
800 
665 
540 
505 

540 
665 
540 
470 
540 

470 
435 
400 
400 
340 

285 
470 
1,410 
950 
710 

710 
900 
710 
505 

470 

710 
540 
620 
620 
540 



800 
800 
710 
710 
710 

620 
620 
540 
540 
435 

400 
400 
470 
470 
540 

470 
540 
435 
710 
620 

665 
1,100 
710 
620 
620 

620 
470 
470 
540 
620 



Dec. 



505 
470 
540 
505 
505 



Jan. 



540 
580 



Feb. 



Mar. 



3,090 
3,260 



11,700 
12,600 

6,930 
4, 990 
4,630 
5,350 
12,200 

8,620 
8,840 
9,060 
9,940 
14,200 
12,600 



Apr. 



3,600 
3,260 
3,430 
2,630 
2,930 

3,940 
4,990 
4,990 
7,770 
7,770 

6,120 
4,630 
4,280 
2,930 
2,490 

2,090 
1,850 
2,350 
2,490 
2,220 

2,350 
2,350 
3,260 
3,770 
6,120 

6,520 
4,450 
4,630 
7,140 
9,500 



6,520 
3,770 
3,020 
2,640 
4,280 

4,630 
4,110 
3,150 
2,640 
2,760 

3,940 
4,630 
3,940 
3,300 
2,760 

2,280 
2,160 
1,920 
1,700 
1,810 

3,150 
6,120 
3,300 
2,760 
2,520 

2,280 
2,160 
2,280 
2,280 
2,400 



May. 



6,520 
5,170 
4,280 
4,110 
3,600 

2,780 
2,350 
2,220 
1,970 
1,850 

1,850 
1,740 
1,410 
1,300 
1,100 

2,490 
4,450 
2,350 
2,090 
4,990 

3,770 
2,350 
1,970 
1,740 
1,630 

1,630 
1,630 
1,360 
1,000 
900 
800 



2,040 
1,810 
1,810 
2,640 
2,160 

1,920 
1,920 
1,810 
1,700 
1,580 

1,360 
1,140 
1,040 
1,040 
1,520 

2,040 
1,810 
1,580 
1,580 
1,470 

1,300 

1,140 

990 

840 

740 



1,040 



Jime. 



755 
755 
710 
620 
540 

580 
620 
800 
1,300 
900 

620 
470 
470 
400 
370 

470 
340 
235 
235 
260 

285 
340 
370 
340 

285 

235 
315 
260 
285 
315 



1,040 
940 
1,640 
1,420 
1,250 

2,520 
2,040 
1,420 
1,300 
1,090 

1,360 
2,280 
2,040 
2,640 
2,280 

1,090 
1,250 
1,420 
1,040 
1,200 

1,520 

1,700 

1,250 

940 

650 



2,760 
1,810 
1,700 
1,140 



July. 



315 

400 
800 
470 
370 

400 
340 
260 
285 
235 

235 
235 
900 
800 
505 

315 
260 
235 
235 
195 

195 
195 
195 
195 
152 

215 
435 
620 
540 
435 
340 



840 
6,720 
7.140 
3', 020 
2,040 

1,520 

1,250 

990 

790 

695 

790 
650 
670 
650 

740 

740 

1,090 

940 

990 

1,040 

695 
570 
495 
425 
495 

460 
570 
570 
460 
2,890 
9,260 



Aug. 



285 
340 
340 
285 
340 

260 
235 
195 
235 
235 

235 
260 
235 
235 
400 

340 
315 
215 
195 
235 

2,930 

1,250 

1,250 

710 

470 

340 
285 
235 
180 
195 
195 



5,350 
2,890 
1,810 
1,250 
990 

1,090 

1,250 

1,040 

940 

790 

650 
570 
610 
425 
425 

3,600 
2,760 
1,470 
1,090 



790 
650 
570 
495 
495 

425 
460 
610 
392 
570 



LAKE CHAMPLAIK DRAINAGE BASIN. 



53 



Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Winoo ski River at Richmond, Vt., for the years ending 
Sept. SO, 1903-1907 and iSiJO— Continued. 



Day. 


Oct. 


Nov. 


Dec. 


Jan. 


Feb. 


Mar. 


Apr. 


May. 


June. 


July. 


Aug. 


Sept. 


1905-6. 
1 


840 
940 
940 
940 
840 

695 
650 
570 
570 
650 

2,160 
1,810 
1,520 
1,090 
1,090 

940 
840 
840 
1,140 
990 

840 
1,200 
l',360 
1,040 

890 

740 
650 
650 
570 
650 
650 


940 

1,140 

990 

940 

1,140 

1,090 
1,580 
1,810 
1,360 
1,250 

1,040 
940 
1,580 
1,810 
1,300 

1,250 

1,360 

990 

890 

840 

740 
840 
740 
740 
1,090 

1,360 
1,200 
1,040 
840 
3,770 


1,470 
1,150 
1,700 
3,150 
1,920 

1,810 
1,700 
1,580 
1,580 
1,470 








2,120 

1,740 
1,620 
1,860 
3,300 

4,830 
2,980 
3,140 
2,680 
2,390 

1,990 
3,460 
3,620 
5,570 
14,000 

13,300 
9,710 
8,420 
8,420 
8,840 

9,050 
9,930 
6,150 
4,130 
3,140 

2,980 
2,680 
2,530 
2,390 
3,140 


3,460 
2,830 
3,960 
3,620 
3,140 

2,830 
2,250 
1,860 
2,250 
4,650 

3,300 
2,530 
10,600 
6,750 
3,790 

3,140 

2,680 
2,680 
2,250 
1,680 

1,440 
1,560 
1,220 
1,120 
2,250 

3,300 
4,470 
6,350 
3,620 
2,680 
1,990 


1,740 
1,560 
1,620 
1,390 
1,120 

1,390 
3,460 
2,390 
2,680 
1,990 

1,860 
1,500 
1,220 
1,060 

785 

785 

785 

1,800 

1,340 

960 

785 

960 

1,680 

5,380 

3,140 

2,120 
1,500 
1,060 
1,390 
1,680 


1,800 
1,390 
1,010 
1,170 
1,500 

1,060 
745 
668 
630 
630 

1,680 

1,120 

785 

630 

465 

595 
408 
408 
630 
465 

915 
1,440 
828 
595 
465 

435 
528 
408 
380 
3,460 
2,530 


1,340 

745 
595 
528 
495 

595 
2,250 
960 
595 
528 

528 
310 
355 
408 
435 

355 
355 
310 

248 
225 

408 
310 
310 
435 

408 

275 

528 

5,760 

1,340 

828 

668 


465 


2 








355 


3 








1 990 


4 








2 830 


5 








1280 


6 








870 


7 








705 


g 








465 


g 








408 


10 








528 


11 








495 


12 










355 


13 










355 


14 










408 


15 










408 


16 










310 


17 










290 


18 










355 


19 










528 


20 










355 


21 










355 


22 










355 


23 










310 


24 










408 


25 










408 


26 










408 


27 










528 


28 









5,190 
3,960 
3,140 
2,980 


435 


29 








560 


30 








915 


31 
























Bay. 


Oct. 


Nov. 


Dec. 


Apr. 


Day. 


Oct. 


Nov. 


Dec. 


Apr. 


1906-7. 


595 
465 
495 
330 
330 

380 
495 
330 
528 
595 

595 

1,010 

960 

870 
785 


785 
705 
630 
630 
668 

630 
595 
495 
435 
560 

435 
870 
870 
705 
630 


1,440 
1,860 
1,740 


8.420 
5,010 
3,790 
3,960 
6,350 

5,380 
3,790 
3,620 
3,140 
2,530 

2,390 
2,830 
3,140 
3,140 
3,790 


19 
16 


06-7. 




960 

745 

560 

528 

1,860 

2,120 

1,280 

960 

828 

1,060 

1,620 
1,170 

870 
960 
785 
705 


1,060 
1,170 
1,620 
5,950 
3,460 

2,250 
2,120 
2,250 
1,620 
1,170 

1,220 
2,120 
2.830 
2,120 
1,440 




2,980 




17 










2 


18 












19 .... 












20 














21 










1,990 


6 


22 














23. 










2,980 




24 












25 










7,580 




26 








9,270 




27 














28 












29 














30 














31 




























1 








1 





Day. 


July. 


Aug. 


Sept. 


Oct. 


Day. 


July. 


Aug. 


Sept. 


Oct. 


1910. 




340 
340 
312 
370 
850 

950 
1,050 
850 
665 
470 

665 
665 
580 
370 
370 


260 
235 
260 

285 
400 

1,520 

2.220 

1,460 

950 

505 

312 
340 
370 
340 
370 


540 

1,200 

1,300 

800 

620 

710 
900 
710 
580 
665 

755 
680 
640 
680 
606 


1910. 
16 


312 
170 
235 
285 
312 

260 
312 
340 
235 
340 

285 
260 
1,050 
800 
620 
312 


340 
370 
400 
400 
^70 

285 
370 
312 
285 
340 

312 
235 
190 
212 
212 
235 


340 
340 
260 
260 
260 

312 
312 
285 
260 
212 

312 

370 

2,840 

2,090 

960 


285 




17 












18 












19 












20 












21 








400 




22 












23 












24 












25 












26 






340 
400 
400 
400 
340 


1,200 




27 










28 


1,720 






29 


1,300 


16 


30 


1,000 
900 




31 



54 



SUEFACE WATEES OP VERMONT?. 



Monthly discharge of WinoosH River at Richmond, Vt.,for 1903-1907 and 1910. 
[Drainage area, 985 square miles.] 





Discharge in second-feet. 


Run-off 
(depth in 
laches on 
drainage 
area). 


Month. 


Maximum. 


Minimum. 


Mean. 


Per 
square 
mile. 


1903. 
June 25-30 - 


1,000 

2,350 

850 

285 


435 
215 
235 
140 


646 
684 
406 
194 


0.656 
.694 
.412 
.197 


0.15 


July 


.80 




.48 




.22 






1903-4. 
Ocfober 


1,200 
1,410 


140 

285 


517 

617 

o670 

O720 

o500 

a 1,970 

4,230 

2,500 

483 

364 

434 

1,030 


.525 

.626 

.680 

.731 

.507 

2.00 

4.30 

2.54 

.490 

.370 

.441 

1.05 


.61 




.70 




.78 








.84 








.55 








2.31 




9,500 
6,520 
1,300 
900 
2,930 
6,520 


1,850 
800 
235 
152 
180 
180 


4.80 


May 


2.93 




.55 


July 


.43 




.51 




1.17 






The year. 




140 


1, 170 


1.19 


16. 18 








1904-5. 


9,500 
1,100 


710 
400 


1,910 
599 

455 
o375 
350 
o4,140 
3,170 
1,C00 
1,520 
1,620 
1,230 
2,340 


1.94 
.608 
.462 
.381 
.355 
4.20 
3.22 
1.62 
1.54 
1.64 
1.25 
2.38 


2.24 




.68 




.53 








.44 








.37 




14,200 
6,520 
3,940 
2,760 
9,260 
5,350 
8,620 




4.84 




1,700 
740 
650 
425 
425 
790 


3.59 




1.87 


June 


1.72 


July 


1.89 




1.44 




2.66 








14, 200 




1,620 


1.64 


22.27 








1905-6. 
October . 


2,160 
3,770 
3,150 


570 
740 


910 

1,220 

a 1,270 

a 2, 250 

a 1, 180 

a 985 

5,000 

3,230 

1,700 

960 

756 

615 


.924 
1.24 
1.29 
2.29 
1.20 
1.00 
5.08 
3.28 
1.73 
.975 
.768 
.624 


1.07 




1.38 




1.49 






2.04 








1.25 




5,190 
14,000. 
10,600 
5,380 
3,460 
5,760 
2,830 




1.15 


April 


1,620 
1,120 

785 
380 
225 
310 


5.67 


May 


3.78 




1.93 




1.12 




.89 




.70 








14,000 


225 


1,670 


1.70 


23.07 






1906-7. 


2,120 
5,950 


330 

435 


831 
1,400 
"872 

a 1, 370 
a 490 

a 1,600 
5,010 


.844 
1.42 

.885 
1.39 

.500 
1.62 
5.09 


.97 




1.58 




1.02 


January 






1.60 








.52 






1.87 


April 


11,500 


1,990 


5.68 






1910. 
July 11-31 


1,050 
1,050 
2,840 
1,720 


170 
190 
212 

285 


381 

442 

641 

■ 730 


.387 
.449 
.651 
.741 


.30 




.52 


September 


.73 




.85 







a Estimated from gage heights, observer's notes, and comparison with records of other streams. 



LAKE CHAMPLAIN DEAIKAGE BASIN. 



55 



WINOOSKI RIVER NEAR WINOOSKI, VT. 

Location. — ^At a highway bridge known as High Bridge, on the road from Winooski 
to the lime kilns, 4 miles below Muddy Brook and 7 miles above mouth of river. 

Deainagb area. — 1,080 square miles. 

Records available. — March 18 to November 29, 1903. 

Gage. — Chain; read twice daily by John De Forge. 

Discharge measurements. — Made from railroad bridge about a mile downstream 
from the gage. 

Channel and control. — Channel deep, with rock bed. Control at dam about a 
mile downstream from the gage. Crest of dam 37.5 feet above gage datum. 

Extremes of stage. — Maximum stage recorded, 49.7 feet at 6 p. m. March 24; mini- 
mum stage, 28.7 feet at 6 a. m. September 22. 

Diversions. — No diversions except from tributaries for municipal use. 

Regulation. — Power developments above the station affected the distribution of 
flow at low stages. 

Accuracy. — Stage-discharge relation affected by operation of gates at the dam 1 
mile below the gage. As power was used for electric lighting only and practically 
no water drawn during the daytime in the period for which records were obtained, 
the gage heights at high and medium stages may be considered fairly good indices 
of the flow. At low stages of the river, however, the water level might l^e below 
the crest of the dam and water stored during the day to be drawn down during 
the night; consequently gage heights below 37.5 feet afford no indication of flow 
other than that the stage of the river was low. 

Discharge measurements of Winooski River near Winooski, Vt., during 1903. 



Date. 


Made by— 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Date. 


Made by— 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Mar. 19 


H. K. Barrows 


Feet. 
43.25 
40.80 
41.30 
41.30 
39.65 
39.50 


Sec.-ft. 
7,450 
4,476 
5,510 
5,595 
2,510 
2,415 


Apr. 15 
20 
27 

May 9 
18 


A. D. Butterfleld 


Feet. 
39.45 
39.00 
. 38. 70 
38.35 
38.05 


Sec.-ft. 
2,210 


Mar. 31 


A. D. Butterfleld 

do 

....do 


1,575 


Apr. 8 

8 


A. D. Butterfleld :. 

H. K. Barrows 

A. D. Butterfleld 


1,165 

740 


13 
15 


H. K. Barrows 

A.D. Butterfleld 


355 



56 



SURFACE WATERS OP VERMOiSTT. 



Daily gage height, 


in feet 


of Winooshi River 


Tiear Winooshi, Vt., 


for 1903. 


Bay. 


Mar. 


Apr. 


May. 


June. 


Ju]y. 


Aug. 


Sept. 


Oct. 


Nov. 


1 .. 




41.85 

40.7 

40.35 

42.35 

40.85 

40.6 
40.5 
41.1 
41.1 
41.1 

40.2 

39.85 

39.65 

39.5 

39.45 

39.5 

39.6 

39.3 

39.15 

39.05 

38.95 

38.9 

38.8 

38.75 

38.8 

38.7 
38.6 
38.65 
38.6 
38. 65 


38.7 
38.6 
38.6 
38.4 
38.4 

38.4 

38.25 

38.3 

38.3 

38.3 

38.2 

38.25 

38.15 

38.1 

38.1 

38.1 
38.1 
38.1 
3S.1 
38.05 

38.0 

37.95 

37.9 

37.9 

37.85 

37.75 

37.7 

37.7 

37.7 

37.7 

37.7 


37.6 
37.6 
37.6 
37.7 
37.55 

37.5 

37.3 

37.3 

36.65 

36.5 

37.85 
38.85 
39.65 
40. 05 
40.1 

39.45 

38.6 

38.5 

38.4 

38.4 

38.6 

38.9 

38.85- 

39.0 

3S.9 

38.5 
38.5 
38.5 
38.4 
38.2 


38.1 

38.3 

38.25 

38.0 

38.0 

38.0 

38.1 

38.15 

38.05 

38.0 

38.0 

38.0 

37.95 

38.1 

38.05 

37.95 

37.9 

37.9 

37.9 

38.0 

38.4 
39.3 
39.3 
39.3 
39.0 

39.0 
39.0 

38.85 
38.6 
38.3 
38.3 


38.3 
38-1 
37.9 
37.9 
37.9 

37.9 

37.9 

37.8 

37.75 

37.45 

37.05 

37.8 

37.7 

37.55 

37.55 

37.5 

37.5 

37.55 

37.55 

37.8 

37.95 

37.5 

37.5 

37.55 

37.5 


'"37.'5"' 
37.35 
36.45 
35.35 

33.55 

.33.3 

35.45 

35.15 

34.5 

34.55 

31.5 

33.4 

33.75 

34.65 

34.1 

33.6 

33.75 

34.4 

33.9 


34.1 
35.3 
37.3 
37.2 
37.4 

37.8 

38.55 

39.0 

39.4 

40.1 

40.0 

39.75 

39.1 

39.1 

38.95 

38.75 

38.7 

38.95 

39.4 

39.76 

39.7 
38. 9 
38.95 
38.9 
38.85 

39.3 

39.2 

38.95 

38.9 

39.2 

39.5 


39.55 


2 




39.7 


3 




39.5 


4 . .. 




39.5 


5 




39.5 


C 




39.45 


7 




39.5 


8 




39.4 


9 




39.4 


10 




39.4 


11 




39.4 


12 




39.3 


13 




39.3 


14... 

15 




39.1 
39.1 


16 




39.1 


17 




39.25 


18 


43.6 
43.3 
46.4 

46.4 


40.3 


19 


40.8 


20 


40.7 


21 


40.05 


22 


39.6 


23 


44.7 
49.7 
47.4 


39.5 


24 


39.35 


25 


39.2 


2(5 


39.1 


27 


41.7 

41.4 

41.1 

40.55 

40.75 


39.25 


28 .... 


38.8 


29 




30 




31 













Monthly discharge of Winooshi River near Winooshi, Vt., for 1903. 



Mouth. 



Discharge in second-feet. 



Maximum. 



Minimum. 



Mean. 



March 18-31. . 

April 

May 1-21 

June 12-30 

July 1-15, 20-31 

August 1, 2 

October 7-31... 
November 1-28 



23.400 
7,790 
1,160 
3,240 
2,000 
657 
3,240 
4,500 



4,020 
1,030 
305 
537 
305 
420 
970 
1,300 



11,900 

2,870 

616 

1,420 

810 

538 

1,870 

2,330 



Note.— Discharge computed from a rating curve well defined between 350 and 6,000 second-feet. Dis- 
charge not apphed to gage heights below 38.0 feet. 

STEVENS BRANCH OF WINOOSKI RIVER NEAR MONTPELIER, VT. 

Location. — Near highway bridge on Marvin farm, about one-fourth mile above the 

confluence of Stevens Branch with Winooski River and 3 miles from Montpelier. 
Drainage AREA. — 130 square miles. 
Records available. — July 5 to September 30, 1910. 
Gage. — Vertical staff on left bank 60 feet below the bridge; read twice daily by 

W. B. Marvin. 
Discharge measurements. — Made by wading. 
Channel and control. — Channel covered with gravel and alluvium; control 

probably permanent throughout period covered by records. 
Regulation. — Distribution of flow throughout the 24 hours probably affected by 

operation of power plants. Very little storage in the basin. 
Accuracy. — Data insufficient for determination of daily discharge. Results of 

discharge measurements and gage reading twice daily show in a general way the 

flow during the period. 



LAKE CHAMPLAIN DRAINAGE BASIN. 



57 



Discharge measurements of Stevens Branch of Winooski River near Montpelier, Vt., 

during 1910. 

[Made by G. M. Brett.] 



Date. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Date. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Julys. . .... 


Feet. 
1.79 
1.38 


Sec.-ft. 
77 
14.3 


Aug. 10 


Feet. 
1.75 
1.63 


Sec.-ft. 
64 


23 


23 


46.2 









Daily gage height, in feet, of Stevens Branch of Winooski River near Montpelier, Vt., 
from July 5 to Sept. SO, 1910. 



Day. 


July. 


Aug. 


Sept. 


Day. 


July. 


Aug. 


Sept. 


Day. 


July. 


Aug. 


Sept. 


1 




1.65 

1.6 

1.5 

2.25 

2.25 

2.6 

1.95 

1.65 

1.55 

1.55 


1.55 

1.5 

1.5 

1.7 

1.6 

2.9 

2.5 

1.9 

1.85 

1.85 


11 


1.5 

1.45 

1.55 

1.8 

1.65 

1.5 

1.3 

1.4 

1.45 

1.45 


1.5 

1.85 
1.75 
1.35 
1.6 

1.7 

1.8 

1.65 

1.65 

1.75 


1.8 

1.C5 

1.05 

1.75 

1.85 

1.75 
1.75 
1.65 
1.55 
1.5 


21 


1.48 

1.5 

1.45 

1.25 

1.45 

1.35 

1.5 

1.62 

1.6 

1.6 

1.4 


1.65 

1.6 

1.6 

1.5 

1.45 

1.55 

1.45 

1.4 

1.55 

1.5 

1.55 


1.55 


2 




12 


22 


1.5 


3 




13 


23 


1.6 


4. 




14 


24 


1.6 


5 


1.8 

1.65 
1.5 
1.5 
1.6 
1 4 


15 


25 


1.75 


6 


16 


26 


1.85 


7 


17 


27 . ... 


1.95 


8 


18 


28 


3.15 


9 


19 


29 


2.35 


10 


20 


30 


1.95 






31 











NORTH BRANCH i OF WINOOSKI RIVER AT MONTPELIER, VT. 

Location. — A short distance below dam of Lane Manufacturing Co. at Montpelier, 
about half a mile above the confluence of North Branch with Winooski River. 

Drainage area. — 78 square miles (measured on post-route map of Vermont, edition 
of 1915). 

Records available. — ^May 15, 1909, to December 31, 1914. 

Gage. — Vertical staff attached to stone wall and tree on left bank; read twice daily 
by S. A. Luke. 

Discharge measurements. — Made from steel highway bridge or by wading. 

Channel and control. — Channel covered with boulders and gravel; somewhat 
shifting. Control influenced by backwater from Winooski River at high stages. 

Extremes op discharge. — Maximum stage recorded, 10.3 feet at 4.30 p. m. April 20, 
1914 (approximate discharge from extension of rating curve, 4,540 second-feet); 
minimum discharge of about 2 second-feet at various times when water held 
back by dam. 

Winter plow. — Stage-discharge relation usually affected by ice. 

Regulation. — Distribution of flow during the day affected by operation of power 
plant above station. 

Accuracy.- — Several rating curves have been used ; apparently impossible to develop 
a single rating curve for all stages owing to shifting of channel and varying effect 
of backwater from Winooski River. Mean daily stage not determinable from 
two gage readings a day owing to diurnal fluctuations caused by operation of 
power plants above. Following tables show discharge corresponding to each 
gage reading. Comparison of records with records obtained at other stations 
indicates that the determination of mean monthly flow derived from two gage 
readings a day and special computations may be fairly good, except for periods 
of high water in Winooski River, when data for this station are imcertain. 

> Sometimes called Worcester Branch. 



58 



SURFACE WATEES OF VEEMONT. 



Discharge measurements of North Branch of Winooski River at Montpelier, Vt., during 

1909-1914. 



Date. 



1909. 

May 17 

19 

28 

June 25 

25 

July 2 

2 

23 

1910. 
Apr. 21 
21 
Oct. 26 

1911. 
June 20 
Aug. 6 

1912. 
Feb. 20 
Sept. 4 



Made by— 



D. M. Wood 
...do... 
...do... 
...do... 
...do... 
...do... 
...do... 
...do... 



T. W. Norcross, 

....do 

C.C. Covert.... 

G. H.Canfleld. 
....do 

G. H.Canfleld. 
J. G. Mathers.. 



height. 



Feet. 

3.10 

2.60 

1.50 

1.10 

.80 

61.02 

.78 

1.43 



1.76 
1.72 
2.20 



1.07 



cl.59 
1.45 



Dis- 
charge. 



Sec-it. 
557 
327 

82 

30 
a4 

21 
a2 

67 



126 

116 
201 



28 
4.9 



Date. 



1912. 
Oct. 12 
13 
14 

1913. 
Mar. 26 
26 
Apr. 28 

1914. 
Apr. 25 

27 

May 15 

16 

29 

July 1 



Dy- 



es. DeGolyer , 

....do 

....do 

R. S. Barnes 

....do 

....do 

C. H. Pierce and R. S 

Barnes 

R. S. Barnes 

C. S.DeGolyer 

....do 

....do 

....do , 



Gage 
height. 



Feet. 
1.11 
2.79 
1.95 



7.20 
6.50 
1.87 



3.21 
3.40 
1.62 
1.59 
1.44 
.82 



Dis- 



Sec.-ft. 
23 
329 
131 



1,030 

2,700 

126 



520 
632 
108 



3.9 



a. Estimated. 



6 Gage height uncertain. 



Stage-discharge relation affected by ice. 



Twice-daily discharge, in second-feet, of North Branch of Winooski River at Montpelier, 
Vt.,for the years ending Sept. 30, 1909-1914. 



Day. 


May. 


June. 


July. 


August. 


September. 


A.M. 


P.M. 


A.M. 


P.M. 


A.M. 


P.M. 


A.M. 


P.M. 


A.M. 


P.M. 


1909. 
1 






79 
87 
79 
79 
51 


79 
79 




a 19 

a 19 

a 20 

26 

26 

a 21 
a 22 
oil 
a 10 
a2 

a 18 
a 20 
a 20 
a 20 
a20 

o20 

64 
79 
79 
79 

o40 
020 
a 26 
a 17 
21 

4 
30 
a 16 
a 16 
a 16 
a 10 


'""36" 

64 


4 
a 20 
a 20 
a 20 
022 

a 22 
a 14 
4 
a 22 
022 

020 

. o20 

20 

a 14 

4 

20 
a 2.0 
a44 
<x.50 
79 

51 
51 

a 45 
a 40 
039 

a 29 
a. 20 
ol4 
12 
a 29 
29 


'"'"46" 
290 
79 


o25 


2 






a 22 


3 - 






a22 


4 










ol5 


5 






182 

159 
79 
40 
35 
40 

40 
45 
45 
30 
21 

21 

105 
51 

a 25 

o2G 
a 20 
a 20 
a 19 

21 
a 20 
a 20 
a. 20 
a 20 


64- 

"■■35" 

"'"'04" 
04 

21 
12 


4 


6 






035 


7 :.... 




105 
79 
79 

87 

64 
71 


o29 


8 


i 


o22 


9 


1 


o20 


10 


1 


o20 


11 


! 


ol4 


12 




12 


13 






o22 


14 






115 

79 

64 
79 
64 
125 


o20 


15 




190 

482 
530 
490 


o20 
a 18 


16 




17 




a 18 


18 






19 


4 


20 


530 

320 
230 


490 

260 
205 
182 
115 
61 

79 
79 
205 
182 
182 
136 


20 
o20 


21 


22. . . . . 


OQ 


23 


0I8 


24 


159 
136 

79 

64 

96 

490 


0I8 
a 15 

12 


25 


26. 


27 


a29 


28 


650 
136 
30 


29. 


30 


31 



















o Mean flow for 24 hours, determined by special computations. 



LAKE CHAMPLAIN DEAINAGE BASIN. 



59 



Twice-daily discharge, in second-feet, of North Branch of Winooski River at Montpelier, 
Vt.,for the years ending Sept. 30, 1909-1914- 



Day. 


October. 


November. 


December. 


January. 


February. 


March. 


A.M. 


P.M. 


A.M. 


P.M. 


A.M. 


P.M. 


A.M. 


P.M. 


A.M. 


P.M. 


A.M. 


P.M. 


1909-10. 
1 


51 
51 


21 

21 

64 

a 51 

40 

o30 
a 25 
o20 
a8 
30 

o25 
o20 
21 
a 30 
o30 

4 
a 21 
a 20 
o20 
<xl8 

o40 

205 

64 

30 

4 

21 
40 
40 
30 
4 


40 
40 
51 
57 
51 

51 

■""■46' 
51 
(>4 

51 
45 
51 
45 
. 45 

30 
30 
51 
40 
iO 

51 
79 
115 
125 

64 

205 
79 
96 

260 
90 


21 
21 
30 
30 
30 

12 
40 
21 
25 
25 

40 
25 
30 

■■"25" 

25 
21 
21 
12 
30 

'"""35' 
136 
51 

96 
51 


79 
64 
51 
51 

51 
40 
30 
4 
40 

30 

'""'36' 
35 
40 

40 
40 
40 

"•"46' 

35 
25 
40 
40 
45' 

'""46" 


21 

40 
21 
12 
51 

30 










2,650 

1,700 

775 

820 

350 


2,450 


2 










1,200 


3 










820 


4 












380 


5 












290 


6 












230 


7 




4 










350 
530 
320 
205 

182 
136 

79 
159 

96 

96 
96 
96 
90 


650 


8 




21 
21 
21 

21 
35 
30 
32 
21 

21 
21 
21 
45 
21 

30 
35 
21 
21 
40 

40 
35 

o38 
a 38 
o38 
o38 










415 


9 












350 


10 












260 


11 












205 


12 










182 


13 


40 












14 










136 


15 












115 


16 


21 










96 






■ 






136 


18 










115 












159 


20 










182 


21 










290 
290 
415 
450 
1,150 

1,400 


350 




136 
136 
25 
64 

40 
51 
40 
40 
30 
40 










415 


23 










490 


24 










650 


25 










2,200 


26 










910 












610 


28 










570 

775 

1,100 

1,000 


260 




205 
79 












1,000 


30 










1,300 












865 























Day. 


April. 


May. 


June. 


July. 


August. 


September. 


A.M. 


P.M. 


A.M. 


P.M. 


A.M. 


P.M. 


A.M. 


P.M. 


A.M. 


P.M. 


A.M. 


P.M. 


1909-10. 
1 . 


1,000 
610 


690 
650 
690 
290 
350 

380 
415 
320 

260 
260 

230 
205 
182 
182 
182 

136 
96 
125 
205 
159 

136 
115 
136 
96 
115 

136 

820 
320 
159 
320 


'""i82' 
170 
910 
380 

230 

182 

'"lis" 

182 

115 
96 
79 
51 

51 
45 
40 
51 
79 

57 

""""79' 
51 
40 

2,050 

490 
290 

'""96" 
130 


182 
182 
182 
530 
290 

205 
159 
115 
136 
205 

115 

96 
79 
64 
57 

51 
51 
45 
136 
87 

96 
79 
96 
96 
350 

1,000 
350 
205 
159 
115 
230 


380 
230 
205 
115 

182 
570 
350 
290 
182 

136 

"'i82' 
159 
64 

79 

51 

51 

■■-■-■ 

64 
40 
96 
35 

79 

"'"'35' 

79 
64 
40 


320 
182 
159 
115 
136 

350 
650 
320 
205 
159 

182 
182 
159 
96 
64 

87 
79 
115 
64 
79 

51 
21 
96 
79 
45 

40 
51 
147 
79 
71 


35 

40 

""35' 

30 
4 
2 

30 


51 
35 
51 
40 
51 

30 

79 
79 
51 


30 
25 
51 
40 
40 

30 
35 
64 
30 
35 

64 
79 
51 
40 
30 

30 
35 
30 
35 
30 

30 


64 
79 
64 
320 
30 

■""79' 
79 

""'si' 


""""64' 

79 

'"'79' 


40 
30 
30 

64 
40 

260 

320 

79 

40 

30 

30 
30 
21 
40 
30 

30 
30 
30 
30 
21 

21 
21 
21 
21 

30 

30 

1,400 

205 


64 


2 


51 


3 


51 


4 


350 
350 

415 
530 
350 
260 




5 .... 


64 


6 


320 


7 


182 


8 


159 


9 


79 


10 


40 


11. 


290 
205 
182 
159 
159 

136 


21 
40 
4 
4 
35 

4 


40 
71 
79 
51 
2 




12 


30 


13 


30 


14 




15 

16 


51 
40 


17 


51 


18 


96 
159 

182 

136 
96 
159 


4 
2 
2 

2 
2 
2 


71 
51 

57 

79 
35 




19, 


64 


20 


40 


21 


40 


22 


30 


23 


25 


....... 

51 

40 
40 

'"'46' 
30 
30 


30 


24 


30 


25.... 

26 


96 

79 
775 
320 
205 
205 


2 

2 
51 

2 
35 
51 
40 


79 

71 

96 
1S2 
79 
(;4 


21 
----- 


30 
51 


27 


40 


28 

29 


380 


30 

31 


40 1 64 

1 






1 






1 



a Mean flow for 24 hours, determined by special computations. 



60 



SURFACE WATEES OF VEEMON^T. 



Tivice-daily discharge, in second-feet, of North Branch of Winooshi River at Montpelier, 
Vt.,for the years ending Sept. 30, 1909-1914 — Continued. 



Day. 


October. 


November. 


December. 


January. 


February. 


March. 


A.M. 


P.M. 


A.M. 


P.M. 


A.M. 


P.M. 


A.M. 


P.M. 


A.M. 


P.M. 


A.M. 


P.M. 


1910-11. 
1 


30 
490 
205 
205 

30 

64 
40 
30 
40 


51 

'"'79' 
51 
'10 

79 
64 
40 

""79" 

79 
79 
64 
64 
79 

""64" 
30 
64 
64 

57 
79 

""79' 
96 

230 
182 
230 
182 

""%' 


79 

64 

320 

290 

450 


96 

87 

380 

260 

450 


51 
45 
40 
51 
45 

45 
51 
45 
51 
40 


79 
71 
79 


115 
115 


115 
115 










2 










3 










4 














5 


71 

64 
79 
87 
87 
79 












6 


1 










7 


205 
205 
136 
96 

96 
79 
96 
79 
64 

64 
79 
51 
64 
51 

40 
10 
40 
51 
57 

45 
64 
40 
40 
51 


159 
136 
115 
96 

64 
51 

""79" 
79 

79 
96 
79 
79 

71 
79 
71 

""64' 

51 

""79' 
64 
79 


1 










8 


1 










9 


1 










10 . . 














11 


57 
40 
30 
30 
30 

51 
45 
35 
40 
35 

30 
30 

64 
87 
64 

182 
136 
290 
217 
79 
79 














12 


51 
51 
51 
45 

45 
96 


96 
96 
96 
79 

136 
159 














13 














14 














15 














Ifi 














17 














18 














19 . . 


79 

64 

71 
79 
64 
51 


115 
96 

96 
130 
105 

lis 














20 














21 








1 




22 








j 




23 








1 




24 












25 














20 


64 
51 
45 
45 
51 
490 
















27 


115 
79 
115 
182 
205 














28 . . 






t 




29 




j 


1 1 


30 . . 


1 1 




1 


31 


1 




1 




1 


1 1 




1 



Day. 


April. 


May. 


June. 


July. 


August. 


September. 


A.M. 


P.M. 


A.M. 


P.M. 


A.M. 


P.M. 


A.M. 


P.M. 


A.M. 


P.M. 


A.M. 


P.M. 


1910-11. 
1 . . . . 


182 


230 
230 
136 
136 
136 

182 
1,400 
955 
450 
415 

450 

610 

1,000 

1,050 

2,050 


690 
1,050 
415 
320 
205 

182 

""182' 
159 
136 

115 

96 
64 

51 
40 
40 
35 
30 

""36' 
30 
21 
25 

40 

30 

----- 

""46' 


570 
690 
350 
260 
205 

159 
182 
182 
136 
136 

115 
96 

79 
64 
79 

79 
. 79 
45 
51 
51 

35 
79 
64 
51 
79 

21 
25 
21 
64 
51 
71 


21 

79 
30 


64 
96 
71 


30 

1 
40 


30 

1 
51 


51 
40 
51 
40 
30 

3' 

3 
3 
3 

2 

""36' 
3 

21 
12 
21 


51 
79 
40 
51 
12 

3 
30 
2 
2 
30 

2 
3 
3 
2 
2 

1 
3 

25 


40 
40 


30 


2 




3 


230 

260 

96 

136 

670 
955 




4 






5 . ... 


21 

21 
21 
21 
21 
21 


64 

51 
51 
64 
64 
64 


30 

30 
30 
30 

""30" 

30 
12 
30 
30 
30 

""36' 
40 
40 
30 

30 
■ 40 


40 

30 
40 
40 
4 
64 

40 
4 
30 
30 
4 

4 
30 
96 
64 
64 

40 
30 


51 

64 
115 
96 
79 


25 


6 

7 


30 

79 


8 


64 


9 


40 


10 


350 

350 

415 

530 

1,150 

1,450 




11 


79 
79 
79 
64 
64 

96 


51 


12 


21 
30 

""36' 

30 
21 

""12' 
21 

12 
79 
51 
45 

79 
64 
51 
35 
3 


79 
79 
25 
79 

64 
64 
25 
40 
51 

64 
64 
64 
51 
21 

79 
64 
64 
4 
40 


51 


13 


40 


14 


40 


15 


51 


16 




17 


690 
490 
650 
690 

690 
610 


570 
610 
820 
865 

775 
570 
570 
820 
865 

865 
865 
1,000 
820 
775 




18 


79 
64 
64 

51 
64 
79 


51 


19 


51 


20 






40 


21 






40 


22 . . .. 


30 

25 

■ 30 

30 

21 


3 
21 
25 

2 


30 


23 




24 


570 
1,000 

910 
955 
955 
955 


30 
40 

40 


40 
45 

51 




25. 


51 

64 
64 
64 
79 
79 


30 


26 


40 


27 


64 


28 


64 
(>1 

""64' 


51 
51 
51 

57 


30 
10 
30 
40 


21 
40 
21 
30 


51 


29 . . 


51 


30 


40 


31 





















LAKE CHAMPLAIN DEAINAGE BASIN. 



61 



Twice-daily discTiarge, in second-feet, of North Branch of Winooski River at Montpelier, 
Vt.jfor the years ending Sept. 30, 1909-1914 — Continued. 



Day. 


October. 


November. 


December. 


January. 


February. 


March. 


A.M. 


P.M. 


A.M. 


P.M. 


A.M. 


P.M. 


A.M. 


P.M. 


A.M. 


P.M. 


A.M. 


P.M. 


1911-12. 
1 






79 
64 
64 
64 


96 
79 
79 
79 


230 
115 


159 
136 










79 
64 




2 


96 

96 

320 

350 

320 
205 
115 
136 
115 

64 


64 
115 
350 
380 

260 

"'i59' 
96 

79 
64 
51 
40 












3 










64 


4 


79 
159 

79 
64 
64 
79 


79 
79 

96 
96 
79 
96 










79 
96 

96 
115 
115 

96 




5 












6 


64 

79 

260 

170 

136 

136 


79 

96 

230 

182 

115 

96 












7 












8 












9 












10 










115 


11 


230 
775 
1,960 
610 
380 

230 


380 
730 
1,400 
450 
320 

205 


, 








115 
105 
115 
115 
136 

159 




12 












13 


64 
51 


290 
260 
115 

115 
115 
96 


260 
159 
136 

79 
96 
115 












14 












15 












16 


51 

40 

40 

910 

450 

260 


64 
30 
30 
690 
350 












17. 










290 


18 


230 
159 
115 

96 

96 

1,840 


182 
115 
96 

115 

96 

1,720 










320 
380 
415 

380 
290 
260 




19 












20 


96 

115 
96 
79 
79 
64 


136 

115 
96 

115 
96 












21 






79 
87 
96 
79 






22 








23 


205 
230 
182 

96 
79 
79 


320 
182 
136 

96 
79 
79 








24 






115 


25 












136 

115 
79 
96 

450 
1,250 




26 




380 
320 
260 
182 
115 


320 
260 
205 
136 
79 






79 
64 
71 
79 






27 


79 
79 
182 


96 

96 

450 

290 








28 








29 








30 


79 
64 


64 
79 








31 










865 

























Day. 



April. 



A. M. P. M 



A. M. P. M 



June. 



A. M P. M 



July. 



A. M. P. M 



August. 



A. M. P.M. 



September. 



A. M. P. M. 



1,100 
570 
380 
290 
182 

910 

1,780 

3,540 

700 

447 

335 

447 
506 
536 
536 



1,400 
700 
700 
568 



820 
490 
350 
260 



1,150 

3,540 

1,480 

632 



447 
700 
700 



145 
127 
110 
110 



110 
234 
155 
118 
110 



447 

1,270 

476 

362 

335 
283 
283 
210 
145 



2,180 
954 
878 
770 
447 

476 
418 
806 
390 
335 

283 
335 
234 
127 
127 



79 
309 
145 

94 
568 
476 



165 

1,530 
666 
666 
335 
309 



165 
127 
110 
916 
1,070 



145 
127 

94 
110 

79 

362 
165 
127 
110 
110 

94 
79 
94 
187 
127 

145 
536 
335 
234 
234 

1,070 
447 
418 
283 
335 

210 
145 
110 
234 
842 
1,030 



1,230 
390 
335 
335 
234 

165 
210 
145 
145 
79 

54 
43 
54 
54 
43 



734 
335 
447 
258 

187 

145 
165 
127 
94 
94 



17 

187 
54 
25 
25 
25 



54 
17 
17 
25 
25 

25 
25 
17 
17 
17 

43 
145 

43 
66 
43 
43 



390 

94 

43 

309 

258 

187 



34 

43 
66 
66 
54 

43 
43 
25 
43 
34 

43 
54 
34 
34 
145 

234 
127 
66 
258 
187 

145 
127 
79 
66 
66 

60 
66 
66 
34 
110 



62 



SURFACE WATEES OF VERMONT. 



Twice-daily discharge, in second-feet, of North Branch of Winooski River at Montpelier, 
Vt.,for the years ending Sept. 30, 1909-1914 — Continued. 



Day. 


October. 


November. 


December. 


January. 


February. 


March. 


A.M. 


P.M. 


A.M. 


P.M. 


A.M. 


P.M. 


A.M. 


P.M. 


A.M. 


P.M. 


A.M. 


P.M. 


191^-13. 
1 


94 
34 
34 
34 


66 
66 
66 
43 
25 

54 
43 
43 
38 
34 

54 
34 

""i27' 
145 

127 
66 
66 
54 
43 

43 

43 

66 

878 

666 

362 
258 
165 
127 
110 
79 


66 
127 

"'""66' 
79 

66 

66 

1,400 

418 

283 
127 
127 
283 
418 

258 

'"'i45' 
127 
110 

94 
127 
94 

""'94" 

94 
79 
66 
54 
54 


79 
25 
110 
66 
66 

79 
127 
666 
309 

283 

210 
94 
145 
335 
335 

210 
165 
110 
110 
94 

94 
127 
110 

79 
110 

94 
79 
66 
66 
66 


""'43' 
600 
536 
165 

258 
309 

■"■■94" 
94 

94 

79 
43 
48 

66 
43 
43 
6G 
283 

66 

""'66' 
66 

54 
48 
43 

"""34' 
79 


66 

66 

362 

335 

145 

362 
258 
145 
110 
127 

79 
79 
43 
66 
66 

66 

60 

66 

309 

187 

79 
54 
66 
60 
54 

54 
54 
54 
43 
64 
66 


54 

48 

43 

390 

94 
165 
110 
145 

94 

94 

""2i6' 

187 
127 

79 
79 

362 
1,070 

390 

954 
390 
187 
210 
127 

""i45' 
94 
94 
79 
66 


48 

43 

110 

258 

165 

110 
145 
127 
79 
79 

79 
283 
234 
165 
110 

94 
155 

418 
666 
283 

734 
309 
187 
187 
145 

127 
145 
94 
66 
66 
66 


145 

""'66' 

54 
66 

79 
72 
54 


110 
66 
66 
66 
66 

66 
66 

54 






2 






3 






4 






5 






6 


25 
25 
34 
34 
34 

25 

25 

335 

110 

110 

94 
54 
43 
34 






7 






8 






9 






10 










11 










12 










13 










14 










15 










16 










17 






362 
210 
362 
568 

842 
1,620 


309 


18 






234 


19 






476 


20 






734 


21 


43 

34 

25 

2,680 

1,110 

418 






1 400 


22 






770 


23 






390 


24 






335 
1,110 

1,150 
1,230 
1,150 

568 


476 


25 






3,420 


26 






1,760 


27 






3,360 
632 


28 


187 
127 
110 
79 






29 






390 


30 






283 


31 . 






309 


916 















Day. 


April. 


May. 


June. 


July. 


August. 


September. 


A.M. 


P.M. 


A.M. 


P.M. 


A.M. 


P.M. 


A.M. 


P.M. 


A.M. 


P.M. 


A.M. 


P.M. 


1912-13. 
1 


666 
309 

234 
390 
992 


476 
309 
234 
600 

878 

362 
283 
258 
210 
187 

309 
309 
309 
234 
222 

234 
187 
145 
418 
234 

187 
127 
145 
127 
127 

110 
86 
. 94 
79 
79 


54 
54 

43 

""""38" 

22 
32 
22 
32 
32 

"""'22' 
22 
22 
27 

32 
32 

""is" 

27 

22 

32 

234 

390 

110 
79 
127 
916 
283 
187 


66 
66 
54 
32 
43 

54 
18 
18 
54 
54 

14 

54 
54 
54 
43 

43 
43 
32 
43 
54 

54 
127 
283 
335 
234 

110 
79 
187 
842 
234 
165 


"'i27' 
79 
66 

54 

43 
43 

'""43' 
■32 

32 
27 
32 

27 

22 
38 
32 
22 
22 

14 

""i4' 

14 
14 

4 

14 
14 

s" 


110 
94 
79 
79 
66 

60 
66 
54 
66 
43 

54 
43 
54 
54 
22 

54 
66 
■43 
32 
32 

27 
14 
22 
22 
32 

43 
22 
22 
8 
14 


14 
14 
4 

4' 

s' 

8 
4 
4 

18 
8 

""is' 

22 

8 
8 
8 
54 

'4 
8 
8 
4 
4 

18 
....... 

43 
27 
14 


22 

18 

4 

4 

° 4 

8 

22 

4 

4 

22 

22 
22 
8 
22 
22 

18 
22 
14 
22 

8 

8 
8 
8 
4 
4 

43 
14 
43 
66 
54 
8 


8 
8 

4" 

4 

4 
4 
3 
3 

4 
3 
3 
2 
3 

3 

3' 

4 

8 

4 
4 

8 

4' 

4 
4 
4 
4 
8 


22 
4 
8 
3 

32 

8 
4 

4 

4 
4 

4 
4 
3 
4 
4 

4 
3 
4 
14 

8 

4 
4 
4 
4 
14 

8 
14 
14 
14 
14 

4 


4 
8 
8 
4 
4 

4 

4" 

4 

4 

4 
4 
4 

8' 

8 
4 
4 
4 
4 

4' 

8 
8 
8 

4 

S 

4' 

6 


4 


2.. 


14 


3 


14 


4.. . 


8 


5 


8 


6 


8 


7 " 


258 
187 
187 
145 

234 

258 


8 


8 


8 


9 


4 


10 


4 


11 


4 


12 


4 


13 


14 


14 


283 
309 

283 
234 
127 

187 


8 


15 


g 


16 


6 


17 


6 


18 


* 4 


19 


4 


20 


4 


21 


165 
145 
127 
145 

127 

110 


4 


22 


22 


23 


66 


24 


48 


25 


32 


26 


11 


27 . 


8 


28 


79 
79 
54 


4 


29 


14 


30 


14 


31 



















LAKE CHAMPLAIISr DEAHSTAGE BASIN. 



63 



Twice-daily discharge, in second-feet,^ of North Branch of Winooshi River at Montpelier, 
Vt.,for the years ending Sept. 30, 1909-1914 — Continued. 



Day. 


October. 


November. 


December. 


January. 


February. 


March. 


A.M. 


P.M. 


A.M. 


P.M. 


A.M. 


P.M. 


A.M. 


P.M. 


A.M. 


P.M. 


A.M. 


P.M. 


1913-14. 
1 


4 
4 
4 

4 


22 
4 

8 
8 
8 

22 
22 
14 
14 
14 

8 

8 

32 

54 

38 

22 
32 

14 

4 
60 

66 
110 
110 

54 

283 

210 

187 
79 
66 
66 
60 


32 

""""32' 
22 
22 

22 
22 
22 
22 
110 

43 
43 
32 
27 
22 

22 
22 
22 

22 

418 

210 
94 
72 
54 
43 

43 
14 
14 

IS 


54 
22 
32 
54 
43 

38 
32 
38 
43 
127 

66 
66 
66 
54 
54 

22 
43 
32 
38 
335 

145 
94 
66 
79 
66 

54 
14 
54 
54 
14 


22 
43 
66 
94 
79 

54 

'"'is?' 

94 
54 

48 
43 
43 

'"'54' 

43 
32 
32 
43 
32 

'"'32' 
43 
22 
27 

32 
22 

■■"■32' 
32 
43 


66 
79 
127 
94 
79 

66 
43 
210 
102 
94 

79 
66 
72 
54 
66 

66 
43 
66 
66 
66 

32 

48 
54 
48 
32 

43 
43 
32 
66 
54 
66 


43 
48 
43 

""'43' 

54 
43 
38 
38 
43 


66 
66 

72 
48 
79 

32 
72 
66 
79 
79 

54 










2 










3 










4 










5 










6 


14 
4 
4 
4 
4 

4 










7 










8 










9 










10 










11 










12 . .. 










13 


22 
22 

27 

14 
14 

8 














14 














15 














16 




























18 














19 . 














20 


54 

145 
79 
64 
32 
32 

165 
258 
94 
43 
43 
32 














21 














22 














23 














24 














25 










320 

415 
490 
650 
380 
415 
290 


415 


26 










490 


27 










570 


28 










490 


29 










450 


30 










350 


31 










380 



















Day. 



April. 



A. M. P. M. 



May. 



A. M. P. M. 



June. 



A. M. P. M 



July. 



A.M. P.M. 



August. 



A. M. P. M 



September. 



A. M. P. M 



1913-14. 



290 
570 
320 
205 
182 

136 
136 
205 
1,500 
730 

415 



380 
415 
380 

570 

380 

530 

1,450 

4,480 

3,700 

1,840 

650 

610 

650 

490 

610 

955 

1,150 

1,200 



415 
490 
380 
320 
230 

205 
136 
350 
1,000 
610 

530 
775 
490 
490 
570 

490 

610 

1,000 

2,920 

4,540 

1,720 
690 
610 
490 
450 

490 

690 

910 

1,400 

1,350 



650 
490 



650 
690 

530 
450 
320 
290 



182 
136 
136 
115 

78 



530 
450 
490 
490 
570 

490 
320 
290 
230 
205 

136 
159 
126 
126 
115 

62 
55 
106 
78 
70 

62 
62 
55 
35 

78 

62 
62 
48 
62 
16 



25 
48 
106 
55 
55 

41 
20 
16 
25 
35 

35 



41 
170 
115 
62 
41 



205 



4 
6 
8 
16 
35 

25 
25 

4 

4 

25 

20 
16 

8 
25 

4 

4 
20 
25 
25 
25 

25 
20 
25 
30 
30 

25 
25 
25 

78 
162 



78 
115 
78 
55 

55 
70 



48 

115 

170 

87 

70 

70 
41 
35 
70 
35 

30 
30 
25 



i^ 



73175°— wsp 4.24 



64 



SUEFACE WATERS OF VERMONT. 



Twice-daily discharge, in second-feet, of North Branch of Winooski River at Montpelier, 
Vt.,for the years ending Sept. 30, 1909-1914 — Continued. 



Day. 


October. 


November. 


December. 


Day. 


October. 


November. 


December. 


A.M. 


P.M. 


A.M. 


P.M. 


A.M. 


P.M. 


A.M. 


P.M. 


A.M. 


P.M. 


A.M. 


P.M. 


1914. 
1 


62 
35 
30 
20 
20 

6 

4 

6 

20 

42 

4 
4 
6 

4 
4 


70 
48 
42 
20 
62 

62 
30 
62 
35 

8 

4 

6 

30 

35 

55 


30 
25 
25 
25 
20 

25 
30 

"■"42' 
42 

30 
25 
25 
30 
42 


30 
42 
25 
35 
35 

35 
30 
35 

48 
42 

35 
35 
35 

48 
42 


78 
182 
230 
159 

96 

48 
42 
55 
42 

48 

35 
78 
25 
35 
35 


136 
205 
218 
125 

87 

48 
55 
48 
55 
55 

48 
35 
30 
42 
55 


1914. 
16... 


6 

62 

205 

70 

78 

70 
42 
35 
35 
25 

25 
25 
20 
30 
8 
20 


48 
365 
159 

70 

87 

62 
70 
48 
35 
25 

48 
30 
35 
48 
30 
25 


170 

320 

96 

62 

78 

78 
70 
42 
62 

48 

55 
136 
182 
62 
62 


650 
218 
106 

78 
87 

70 
62 
30 
55 
62 

62 
335 
182 
115 
115 


55 
62 

78 
62 
62 

48 
48 
78 
62 
62 

78 
96 
96 
48 
48 
41 


62 


2 


17 


48 


3 


18. 


48 


4 


19 


48 


5. . . 


20. 


62 


6 


21 


48 


7 


22.. 


41 


8 


23 


115 


9 


24 


96 


10 


25... 


55 


11 


26 . 


96 


12 


27 


78 


13 


28 


136 


14 


29 


96 


15 


30 


96 




31 


115 













Note. — Discharge given corresponds to gage readings at about 6.50 a. m. and 4.30 p m.; on Sundays 
usually one reading between 2 and 5 p. m. DetermLuation of discharge above 600 second-feet uncertain. 

Monthly discharge of North Branch of Winooski River at Montpelier, Vt., for the years 
ending Sept. 30, 1909-1914. 

[Drainage area, 78 square miles.] 





Discharge in 
second-feet. 


Run-off 
(depth m 
inches on 
drainage 
area.) 


Accu- 
racy. 


Month. 


Discharge m 
second-feet. 


Run-off 
(depth in 
inches on 
drainage 
area.) 


Accu- 
racy. 


Month. 


Mean. 


Per 
square 
mile. 


Mean. 


Per 
square 
mile. 


1909. 
Mav 15-31 


270 
56.9 
25.8 
26.2 
37.3 

37.0 
57.9 
34.5 

O70 

arjO 

663 

283 

203 

143 
37.4 
48.0 
87. S 


3.46 
.729 
.331 
.336 

.478 

.474 
.743 
.442 
. 866 
.641 
7.22 
3. 63 
2.60 
1.83 
.479 
.615 
1.13 


2.19 
.81 
.38 
.39 
.53 

.55 

.83 

.51 

1.00 

.67 

8.32 

4.05 

3.00 

2.04 

.56 

.71 

1.26 


1?. 
B. 
C. 

c. 
c. 

c. 

B. 
C. 
D. 
D. 
D. 
B. 
B. 
B. 
C. 

c. 

B. 

B. 
B. 
B. 
D. 
D. 
D. 
C. 
B. 

c 


1910-1 i. 
Tuly 


34.3 
20.4 
61.4 


0.450 
.262 
.659 


0.52 
.30 

.74 


c. 






C. 


.Tuly 


September 

The year. . 

1911-12. 
October 


C. 






September 


125 


1.60 


21.78 




1909-10. 
October 


161 

129 

349 
olio 

o60 

230 

710 

295 

127 
18.9 
32.9 
79.8 

192 


2.06 

1.65 

4.47 

1.41 

.769 

2.95 

9.10 

3.78 

1.63 

.242 

.422 

1.02 


2.38 

1.84 

5.15 

1.63 

.83 

3.40 

10.15 

4.36 

1.82 

.28 

.49 

1.14 


C. 


November 

December 


November 

Dpccmbsr 

Tanuarv 


B. 
D. 
D. 


February 


February .. . 

March..". 


D. 
D. 


A pril 


April 


D. 




May 

.Tunt, 


C. 


June 


B. 


Tulv 


Julv - .... 


C. 






0. 


September 


September 

The year. . 

1912-13. 
October. 


C. 


The year. . . 


136 


1.74 


23. 49 


2.46 


33.47 

2.52 
2.40 
1.78 
2.95 
1.00 
7.39 
3.64 
1.63 
.68 




1910-11. 
October 


94.6 
115 

85.3 
oll5 
o40 
o80 
687 
139 

43.1 


1.21 
1.47 
1.09 
1.47 

.513 
1. 03 
8.81 
1.78 

.556 


1.40 
1.64 
1.26 
1.70 

.63 
1.19 
9.83 
2.05 

.62 


171 
168 
120 
200 
0.75 
O.500 
254 
110 
40.7 


2.19 
2.15 
1.54 
2.56 

.961 
6.41 
3.26 
1.41 

.522 


c. 


November 

December 


November 

December 

January 


B. 
B. 
B. 


February 


February 

March 


D. 
D. 


April 


April 


C. 




May 


B. 


June 


June 


c. 



a Discharge estimated by comparison with near-by drainage basins. 



LAKE CHAMPLAIlsr DRAHSTAGE BASIN. 



65 



Monthly discharge of North Branch of Winooski River at Montpelier, Vt., for the years 
ending Sept. 30, 1909-1914— ^ontiaued. 





Discharge in 
second-feet. 


Run-off 
(depth in 
inches on 
drainage 
area.) 


Accu- 
racy. 


Month. 


Mean. 


Per 
square 
mile. 


191^13. 
Julv 


15.2 
6.1 

8.7 


0.195 
.078 
.112 


0.22 
.09 
.12 


D. 
D. 
D. 

C. 
B. 
B. 
C. 
D. 
D. 




September...... 


The year. . 


140 


1.79 


24.32 


1913-14. 
October 


47.0 

58.0 

58.6 

O35.0 

30.0 

ol56 


.603 
.744 
.751 
.419 
.385 
2.00 


.70 
.83 
.87 
.52 
.40 
2.31 


November 

December 


February 

March 





Month. 



1913-14. 

April 

May 

.Tune 

3uly 

August 

September 

The year. 

1914. 

October 

November 

December 



Discharge in 




second-feet. 


Rim-off 






(depth in 
inches on 








Per 


drainage 


Mean. 


square 
mile. 


area.) 


852 


10.9 


12.16 


188 


2.41 


2.78 


20.2 


.259 


.29 


32.4 


.415 


.48 


24.4 


.313 


.36 


46.8 


.600 


.67 


129 


1.85 


22.37 


44.8 


.571 


.66 


79.2 


1.02 


1.14 


75.7 


.963 


1.11 



Accu- 
racy. 



a Discharge estimated by comparison with near-by drainage basins. 
DOG RIVER AT NORTHFIELD, VT. 

LocATioN.^ — At highway bridge near Norwich University campus in Northfield. 
Union Brook joins Dog Kiver a short distance below the station. 

Drainage area. — 47 square miles ^ (surveys of Norwich University students). 

Records available. — May 14, 1906, to September 30, 1916. Records from May 14, 
1909, to August 22, 1910, at lower highway bridge. August 23, 1910, to date at 
the present site. 

Gages. ^ — Gurley 7-day water-stage recorder installed October 8, 1914. Gage heights 
referred to gage datum by means of a hook gage inside well. An outside staff 
gage is used for auxiliary readings. Records prior to October 8, 1914, based on 
two readings a day of staff gage. 

Discharge measurements. — Made from highway bridge or by wading. 

Channel and control. — Channel is composed of gravel and alluvium; shifts 
slightly. 

Extremes of discharge. — 1910-1916: Maximum stage recorded at present site, 
8.5 feet March 25, 1913 (discharge, 3,400 second-feet); minimum stage, 0.60 
foot September 10-11, 1913 (discharge, 3.0 second-feet). At the lower gage, 
1909-10, there was practically zero flow at various times due to holding back 
of water by dam above gage. 

Winter plow. — Stage-discharge relation occasionally affected by ice; discharge 
determined from gage heights, discharge measurements, and weather records. 

Regulation. — ^A study of the discharge records indicates that a storage of 97,000,000 
cubic feet might be required to insure a continuous flow 23.5 second-feet or 0.5 
second-foot per square mile at Northfield for 90 per cent of the time during a 
year of extremely low flow; a storage of 45,000,000 cubic feet would probably 
insure this rate of flow for 90 per cent of the time during the average year. Opera- 
tion of a small power plant above the station affects the distribution of flow 
throughout the day, but the range of fluctuation is not great. * 

Accuracy. — Results good. 

Cooperation. — Water-stage recorder maintained and some discharge measurements 
made by students of Norwich University under the direction of the professor of 
civil engineering. 



1 At lower highway bridge, 57 square miles, 



66 



SURFACE WATEES OF VEEMONT. 



Discharge measurements of Dog River at Northfield, Vt., during the years ending Sept. SO, 

1909-1916. 



Date. 


Made by— 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Date. 


Made by— 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


1909. , 

May 14 

19 


D. M. Wood 


Feet. 
a 3. 28 

a 3. 58 

2.53 

1.88 

a 3. 29 

2.76 

1.18 

a 2. 71 

a 2. 02 

3.92 
1.03 
1.00 

1.00 

1.28 

7.50 

7.00 

1.93 

.70 

3.62 
1.06 
0.94 
1.46 


Sec.-ft. 
133 

180 
164 

88.6 
127 

41.5 
220 

40.1 

bl± 

419 
12.9 
12.0 

12.0 

29.0 

2,520 
1,960 
90 
3.7 

364 
14.5 
7.6 
26.2 


1914. 
Nov. 21 

Dec. 5 

5 

1915. 
Jan. 16 

Feb. 6 

13 

20 

25 

27 

Mar. 6 

May 4 

June 8 

Oct. 16 
23 

Nov. 6 
15 
15 
15 
20 
20 

Dec. 4 

1916. 
Feb. 14 
Mar. 21 
Apr. 6 


A. E. Winslow and 
student ... ... 


Feet. 

1.43 

1.76 
1.74 

1.53 
1.50 
cl.72 
cl.98 
6.90 
4.00 
2.27 
1.97 
1.10 

1.40 
1.16 
1.12 
1.20 
1.35 
1.35 
1.91 
1.86 
1.29 

cl.75 
1.60 
3.10 


Sec.-ft. 


Norwich University 
students 


27.7 




Norwich University 
students 




19 


do 


46.7 


27 


do 


do 


46.4 


28 


D. M. Wood 


Norwich University 
students 




June 24 
24 


do 

do 




July 21 
21 


do 


38.2 


do 

C. S. Carleton 


do 

do 


35.2 
50.3 


1910. 
Mar. 3 


do 

do 

do 

do 

R. S. Barnes 


65.6 
2,590 


Aug. 9 
24 


G. M. Brett 


458 


do 

G. H. Canfleld 


107 
68.3 


1911 


C. H. Pierce 


14.6 


June 19 


Knowlton and George.. 
do 




1912. 


J. G. Mathers 


28.7 
15.9 


Sept. 13 


do 

G. F. Adams 


17.1 


R. S. Barnes 


18.3 


1913. 


do 


21.4 


Mar. 27 


R. C. Knowlton 

Knowlton and George.. 

do 

do 

R. S. Barnes 


25.3 


27 
Apr. 28 
Sept. 14 

1914. 
Apr. 26 
July 17 
Oct. 9 


do 

G. H. Canfield 


71 

64 
22.2 


R S. Barnes 


34.4 


C. S. DeGolyer 


do 

do 


38 


C. H. Pierce 


252 


Nov. 21 


C. S. DeGolyer. . . 











a Gage height referred to lower gage. 

i> Discharge estimated. Zero flow at gage height 2. feet. 

c Stage-discharge relation affected by ice. 

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Dog River at Northfield, Vt.,for the years ending Sept. 

SO, 1909-1916. 



Day. 


May. 


June. 


July. 


Aug. 


Sept. 


Day. 


May. 


June. 


July. 


Aug. 


Sept. 


1909. 
1 




103 
159 
123 
96 

284 

278 
127 
156 
135 
93 

100 
76 
63 
97 
72 


16 
14 
31 
26 

7 

15 
12 
7 
15 
12 

12 
16 
16 
15 
14 


2 
14 
14 

9 
10 

14 

22 

3 

8 

12 

9 
10 
2 
2 



8 
10 

7 
7 
6 

14 
5 
9 
8 
6 

6 
5 

7 
5 
7 


1909. 

16 

17 

18 

19 

20 

21 

22 

23 

24 

25 

26 

27 

28 

29 

30 

31 


260 
218 
220 
190 
226 

204 
156 
160 
148 
129 

98 
74 
156 
156 
148 
141 


84 
56 
61 
40 
18 

24 
23 
60 
18 
18 

22 
31 
18 
16 
14 


14 
24 
13 
19 
18 

15 
10 
15 
14 
3 

16 
11 
13 
15 
14 
10 


24 
23 
39 
16 
6 

3 

4 
3 
9 
22 

12 
13 
12 

4 
16 

8 


5 


2 




6 


3 




5 


4 




4 


5 




5 


6 




5 


7 




5 


8 . . 




7 


9 




22 


10 




10 


11 




2 


12 




4 


13 




71 


14 

15 


127 
148 


52 
32 



LAKE CHAMPLAIN DEAUSTAGE BASIN". 



67 



Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Dog River at Northfield, Vt.,for the years ending Sept. 
30, 1909-1916— Continued. 



Day. 


Oct. 


Nov. 


Dec. 


Jan. 


Feb. 


Mar. 


Apr. 


May. 


June. 


July. 


Aug. 


Sept. 


1909-10. 
1 


16 

10 

4 

5 

6 

6 
6 
7 
6 
6 

16 
40 
16 
17 
13 

8 
4 
16 
5 

8 

8 
11 
15 
23 
16 

14 
11 
11 
11 
14 
18 

33 

51 
33 
32 
30 

28 
25 
25 
25 
33 

30 
26 
25 
23 
23 

25 
23 
22 
20 

18 

18 
17 
28 
31 
24 

26 
35 
44 
35 
31 
30 


11 
18 
23 
26 
32 

25 
32 
20 
18 
16 

32 
8 
4 

10 
10 

9 
11 
18 
13 

18 

12 
19 
13 
23 
23 

32 
28 
48 
43 
16 

30 
33 
65 
52 
192 

80 
59 
SO 
46 
45 

44 
38 
40 
43 
33 

31 
30 
30 
30 
30 

30 

28 
28 
28 
26 

26 
25 
25 
25 

28 


29 
6 
4 
4 

23 

25 
32 
18 
17 
29 

32 
15 
25 
20 
20 

20 
20 
20 
15 
25 

15 
20 
20 
20 
25 

25 
25 
20 
25 
10 
15 

56 
55 
57 

48 










100 
100 
94 
254 
186 

116 
114 
89 
112 
■ 105 

82 
65 
50 
44 
60 

44 
48 
46 
45 
34 

33 
50 
33 
34 
31 

325 
190 
170 
150 
150 
125 

203 
183 
163 
170 
136 

123 

94 
90 
88 
70 

62 
55 
52 
50 
46 

48 
45 
44 
41 
38 

35 
31 

28 
24 
28 

25 
25 
24 
24 
20 
15 


224 

146 

150 

2 

1 

214 
285 
214 
194 
175 

127 
163 
146 
103 
59 

59 
127 
133 
86 
73 

35 
45 
29 
45 
25 

18 
20 
22 
23 
14 






11 


2 .. . 














10 


3 














8 


4 














13 


5 














11 


6 














82 


7 














62 


8 








150 
152 
158 

136 
127 
109 
100 
93 

84 
69 
65 
101 
81 

63 
57 
74 
66 
55 

55 
333 
190 
116 
105 






24 


9 












19 


10 












17 


11 












17 


12 












18 


13 












12 


14 












21 


15 












15 


16 












18 


17 






71 
43 
66 
127 

150 
175 
274 
260 






17 


18 










15 


19 










12 


20 










12 


21 










12 


22 










15 


23 








9 
9 

8 

8 
11 
10 

9 

7 
8 

9 

7 
6 
6 
5 

5 
8 
5 
5 
5 

10 
9 
6 
6 
6 

6 
4 
6 
9 

7 

6 
5 
5 
4 
5 

8 
5 
18 
67 
23 
12 


15 


24 






20 


25 






20 


26 








40 


27 








60 


28 








94 


29. 








48 


30 








40 


31 










1910-11. 
1 








87 
68 
51 
43 
44 

78 
553 
231 
194 
156 

177 
163 
332 
312 
647 

353 
239 
192 
146 
99 

239 
215 
207 
256 
239 

256 
274 
256 
240 
223 


""is" 

16 

18 
12 
11 
12 
10 

13 
14 
12 
11 
12 


9 
8 
10 
8 
9 

8 
12 

7 
7 
6 

8 
5 
5 
5 
6 

5 

7 
14 

8 

7 

6 
6 
5 
7 
13 

10 
10 
8 
48 
16 
11 


12 


2 








10 


3 








12 


4 








11 


5 








8 


6 










25 


7 










12 


8 










12 


9 










25 


10 










24 


11 










19 


12 










19 


13 










14 


14 










12 


15 










16 


16 










37 


17 










30 


18 










22 


19 










9 


20 










15 


21 










9 


22 










28 


23 










22 


24 










15 


25 










13 


26 










20 


27 










19 


28 










19 


29 










18 


30 










30 


31 













68 



SURFACE WATERS OF VERMONT. 



Daily discharge, in second-Jeet, of Dog River at Northjield, Vt.,for the years ending Sept. 

30, 1909-1916~Continued. 



Dav. 



Oct. 



Dec. 



Jan. 



Feb. 



Mar. 



Apr. 


May. 


June. 


July. 


Aug;. 


192 


92 


419 


17 


8 


123 


91 


223 


12 


9 


99 


78 


223 


14 


19 


84 


72 


184 


12 


13 


231 


68 


156 


10 


10 


682 


111 


130 


6 


13 


1,320 


105 


136 


13 


8 


718 


86 


111 


12 


9 


312 


84 


84 


10 


8 


274 


82 


79 


9 


10 


239 


69 


90 


16 


13 


274 


63 


81 


12 


18 


312 


69 


76 


11 


10 


293 


89 


62 


13 


15 


443 


65 


50 


12 


13 


1,030 


94 


53 


9 


10 


553 


274 


52 


7 


10 


419 


177 


44 


8 


10 


419 


130 


41 


25 


12 


274 


136 


37 


12 


11 


274 


496 


33 


16 


8 


239 


256 


30 


43 


8 


353 


223 


27 


20 


10 


223 


177 


24 


11 


9 


215 


142 


23 


12 


9 


192 


123 


23 


10 


12 


192 


111 


21 


9 


28 


149 


86 


19 


8 


13 


130 


156 


17 


8 


10 


105 


443 


16 


8 


10 




419 




10 


10 


215 


88 


99 


10 


7 


177 


81 


88 


9 


7 


149 


77 


82 


10 


6 


312 


68 


94 


8 


8 


443 


73 


79 


10 


8 


293 


62 


70 


8 


9 


215 


52 


67 


8 


6 


177 


52 


61 


15 


5 


142 


57 


57 


23 


5 


177 


50 


48 


28 


5 


177 


49 


35 


19 


5 


163 


46 


24 


10 


4 


156 


43 


35 


15 


4 


163 


49 


34 


12 


6 


163 


41 


24 


10 


5 


130 


57 


33 


8 


5 


136 


52 


35 


8 


4 


130 


48 


41 


6 


7 


170 


47 


35 


8 


5 


136 


40 


30 


7 


4 


123 


38 


25 


7 


4 


123 


82 


23 


6 


5 


136 


136 


25 


6 


7 


136 


177 


23 


8 


4 


123 


111 


17 


9 


4 


117 


99 


13 


12 


4 


111 


87 


19 


5 


8 


111 


111 


13 


30 


5 


99 


274 


12 


24 


5 


92 


156 


12 


12 


5 




123 




9 


4 



1912-13. 



25 
44 
35 
82 
72 

52 
55 
52 
46 
39 

38 
35 
33 
30 
33 

31 
27 
111 
184 
156 

99 
86 
105 
63 
66 

58 
61 
57 
52 



25 
30 
23 
20 
23 

18 

18 
16 
14 

18 

17 
21 
20 
16 
23 

21 
20 
17 
16 
16 

18 

15 

55 

838 

312 

149 
130 
111 

86 
79 
67 



44 
41 
42 

41 
78 
73 
56 
55 

55 
52 
74 
58 
58 

57 
52 
74 
73 
61 

60 
55 
52 
53 
52 

55 
55 
52 
117 

75 



332 
184 
142 

123 
111 
149 
149 
156 

111 
99 



51 
43 
44 
57 

73 
94 
192 



78 
82 
71 
57 
56 

62 

58 

293 

130 

105 

87 
94 
72 
75 
50 



71 
67 
223 
136 
105 

163 
136 
111 

82 



79 
55 
57 
55 
59 

59 
52 
50 
111 

72 

48 
52 
46 
39 
35 

39 
39 
39 
37 
47 
105 



69 
52 
130 
130 

77 

30 
123 
24 
31 
35 

44 

312 

94 

77 

77 

72 
184 
256 
223 
149 

443 
156 
111 
156 



90 
111 

72 
44 
67 
59 



99 
35 
39 
46 
46 

33 
35 
31 
30 
30 

25 
25 
25 
25 
25 

20 
20 
20 
20 
20 

62 
111 
65 
31 
25 

15 

18 
17 



48 
52 
53 
71 
111 

65 
63 
53 
49 
43 

35 

41 
50 
149 

177 
156 



18 
24 
15 
18 
18 

13 
15 
15 
50 
239 

77 

117 

65 

1,390 

647 

256 
57 
88 
256 
419 

312 
149 
177 
396 
838 

553 
2,100 
374 
256 
231 
443 



LAKE CHAMPLAIN DRAINAGE BASIN. 



69 



Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Dog River at Northfield, Vt.,for the years ending Sept. 
30, 1909-1916— Contmued. 



Day. 



Oct. 


Nov. 


Dec. 


Jan. 


Feb. 


Mar. 


Apr. 


May. 


June. 


July. 


Aug. 


5 


52 


57 


39 


30 


82 


215 


496 


39 


30 


13 


28 


48 


67 


39 


35 


99 


223 


353 


30 


28 


10 


25 


40 


94 


39 


35 


77 


192 


353 


48 


44 


12 


15 


35 


82 


38 


35 


71 


223 


312 


62 


28 


9.2 


10 


46 


72 


39 


35 


68 


163 


312 


72 


53 


7.9 


5 


39 


62 


48 


30 


77 


62 


293 


39 


44 


7.7 


4 


39 


65 


43 


30 


67 


149 


231 


39 


35 


7.3 


4 


44 


117 


39 


30 


57 


312 


200 


40 


24 


8.9 


7 


117 


136 


38 


30 


56 


312 


185 


39 


24 


7.6 


8 


177 


88 


31 


30 


57 


443 


156 


31 


24 


7.6 


5 


105 


75 


25 


25 


55 


419 


142 


24 


24 


7.2 


21 


75 


75 


20 


25 


62 


583 


123 


18 


21 


7 8 


28 


77 


69 


18 


20 


62 


231 


142 


18 


18 


6.7 


28 


69 


73 


15 


20 


57 


274 


136 


18 


13 


8.2 


23 


65 


72 


15 


20 


53 


312 


123 


15 


10 


7.9 


15 


62 


62 


16 


18 


62 


239 


111 


23 


15 


9.0 


12 


62 


65 


16 


18 


94 


293 


99 


28 


34 


8.6 


8 


56 


62 


18 


18 


111 


419 


92 


19 


65 


9.6 


12 


67 


52 


18 


18 


82 


1,850 


88 


18 


26 


8.1 


97 


149 


53 


18 


18 


75 


2,010 


. 81 


31 


17 


9.6 


99 


94 


55 


19 


15 


142 


756 


78 


19 


14 


2S 


75 


79 


50 


19 


15 


86 


496 


72 


17 


12 


20 


35 


78 


31 


19 


15 


67 


396 


67 


12 


15 


11 


30 


75 


41 


19 


15 


62 


396 


57 


9 


21 


7.8 


79 


65 


48 


19 


15 


62 


583 


55 


15 


16 


11 


149 


58 


50 


20 


16 


49 


682 


57 


9 


11 


9.8 


156 


52 


57 


20 


18 


312 


396 


49 


10 


9.9 


8.1 


76 


62 


50 


20 


20 


177 


443 


44 


10 


8.5 


9.3 


82 


57 


48 


20 




223 


838 


39 


21 


12 


33 


78 


52 


39 


20 




192 


496 


41 


28 


26 


55 


65 




39 


25 




215 




38 




17 


26 


12 


12 


42 


22 


26 


178 


75 


71 


22 


53 


48 


14 


13 


74 


25 


27 


149 


80 


90 


20 


80 


125 


9.6 


13 


64 


25 


29 


112 


69 


78 


19 


58 


61 


8.1 


13 


45 


30 


32 


110 


72 


69 


19 


67 


49 


9.1 


14 


35 


40 


37 


103 


91 


62 


17 


58 


66 


8.1 


14 


26 


30 


42 


96 


93 


58 


14 


49 


51 


8.6 


14 


27 


70 


45 


86 


100 


54 


14 


35 


45 


31 


15 


30 


225 


38 


81 


206 


83 


16 


190 


45 


8.8 


20 


27 


125 


34 


78 


213 


71 


14 


265 


78 


9.3 


17 


26 


75 


34 


70 


505 


68 


12 


118 


56 


9.1 


16 


23 


50 


33 


70 


695 


51 


16 


79 


44 


13 


17 


18 


35 


42 


58 


630 


47 


36 


61 


38 


14 


17 


23 


35 


38 


58 


308 


59 


26 


82 


41 


12 


26 


23 


30 


31 


58 


215 


56 


21 


115 


36 


9.3 


22 


20 


30 


141 


51 


185 


46 


18 


81 


33 


14 


149 


23 


29 


110 


51 


166 


42 


25 


59 


30 


23 


75 


20 


26 


78 


47 


146 


45 


62 


54 


45 


23 


30 


19 


83 


56 


42 


128 


48 


53 


58 


34 


23 


26 


19 


182 


53 


38 


121 


44 


38 


54 


29 


19 


27 


18 


141 


51 


41 


106 


40 


47 


64 


25 


17 


26 


20 


72 


45 


47 


87 


37 


31 


48 


22 


15 


25 


22 


47 


45 


44 


81 


37 


25 


51 


34 


14 


20 


22 


48 


45 


51 


75 


34 


21 


51 


79 


14 


18 


20 


53 


110 


74 


80 


31 


20 


43 


42 


14 


24 


18 


49 


1,450 


99 


74 


29 


20 


41 


53 


15 


35 


18 


47 


490 


125 


78 


36 


16 


39 


40 


15 


90 


18 


43 


286 


81 


69 


42 


18 


36 


31 


15 


52 


19 


41 


204 


80 


62 


35 


24 


30 


25 


14 


38 


18 


33 




70 


61 


30 


17 


42 


24 


15 


37 


25 


28 




53 


64 


26 


16 


31 


25 


12 




25 


26 




62 




24 





27 


26 



?ept. 



1913-14. 



1914-15. 



15 
14 
23 
26 
14 

13 
12 

18 
14 
12 

14 

11 
9.8 
8.8 

11 

9.3 
7.2 
8.3 
7.2 
7.0 

7.0 
6.0 
5.0 

11 

12 

11 
14 
14 
18 
17 



22 

20 
20 
18 
18 

17 
18 
20 
18 
18 

16 
12 
12 
13 
13 

12 
12 
11 
12 
14 

23 
25 
17 
16 

14 

15 
20 
15 
14 
13 



10 



SURFACE WATERS OP VEEMON'T. 



Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Dog River at Northfield, Vt., for the years ending Sept. 
30, 1909-1916— Continued. 



Day. 



Oct. 



Nov. 



Dec. 



Jan. 



Feb. 



Mar. 



Apr. May. 



June. 



July. 



Aug. 



Sept. 



1915-16 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

8 

9 

10 

11 

12 

13 

14 

15 

16 

17 

18 

19 

20 

21 

22 

23 

24 

25 

26 

27 

28 

29 , 

30 

31 



13 


19 


16 


19 


22 


17 


18 


16 


23 


17 


29 


18 


22 


17 


21 


16 


16 


17 


13 


17 


13 


15 


13 


16 


13 


16 


14 


15 


47 


22 


27 


29 


20 


20 


18 


18 


19 


20 


20 


55 


18 


39 


17 


33 


16 


27 


16 


25 


16 


22 


16 


22 


IS 


22 


17 


25 


14 


28 


17 


44 


20 





32 
27 
27 
24 
24 

25 
25 
22 
18 
17 

18 
14 
15 
16 
18 

18 
17 
23 
45 
.36 

30 
27 
27 
27 
27 

141 
115 

97 
76 
60 

44 



58 
54 
51 
47 
53 

159 
103 
72 
57 
58 

47 
38 
38 
33 
33 

34 
31 
27 
29 
33 

52 
93 
190 
116 



217 

445 
650 
265 
195 
197 



308 
168 
136 
102 



76 
56 
63 
55 
48 

45 
46 
44 
43 

44 

44 
44 
38 
33 
31 

31 
30 
29 
27 
45 

392 
226 
190 
165 



149 
133 
125 
110 
90 

78 
67 
62 
58 
68 

68 
63 
50 



35 
34 
32 
34 
34 

37 
36 
31 
33 
36 

44 
76 
152 
245 
392 
430 



505 
505 
286 
224 
206 

217 
215 
183 
178 
167 

190 
217 
217 
208 
215 

245 
276 
255 
217 
194 

187 
215 
355 
297 
245 

211 

180 
160 
144 
141 



125 
107 
102 
107 



76 
71 
72 
71 
60 

60 
50 
48 
49 
45 

73 
405 
368 
195 
154 

133 
127 
118 
102 
83 

72 
62 
57 
53 
72 
104 



69 
53 
56 
124 



92 
69 
60 
116 
144 

173 
133 
93 
72 
62 

78 
149 
138 
118 
170 

119 
99 

84 
76 
75 

72 
74 
121 
72 
58 



Note. — Discharge May 14 to Dee. 31, 1909, determined from special computations by using an approxi- 
mate rating curve when applicable, but taking account of conditions of regulation and records of precipi- 
tation. Discharge May 18, 27-30, June 9, Sept. 20-27, Oct. 6, 18, 29, and Nov. 10, 13, 20-28, 1910; Apr. 9, 19, 26, 
29,and May 1,2, 19-21, 30, 1911; and Apr. 16, May 29, July 25, 1915, estimated by interpolation and compari- 
son. Discharge Dec. 12-25, 1909; Jan. 7 to Mar." 15, 1912; Feb. 9-20, 1913; Jan. 11 to Feb. 28, 1914; Dec. 20, 
1914, to Jan. 15, 1915; Jan. 30 to Feb. 5, 1915; and Jan. 9-20, Feb. 5-25, and Mar. 2-20, 1916, during which 
periods stage-discharge relation was affected by ice, ascertained by means of gage heights, discharge meas- 
urements, and weather records. 

Monthly discharge of Dog River at Northfield, Vt.,for the years ending Sept. 30, 1909-1916. 

[Drainage area, « 47 square miles.I 



Month. 



Discharge in second-feet. 



Maximum. 



Minimum. 



Mean. 



Per 
square 
mile. 



Rim-off 
(depth in 
Inches on 
drainage 
area). 



Accu- 
racy. 



May 14-31. . 

June 

July 

August. . . - 
Septem1)er . 



October 

November . . 
December- . . 
March 17-24. 
April 8-30. . . 



June 

August 23-31 . 
September . . . 



1909. 



260 

284 

31 

39 

71 



40 

48 

32 

274 

333 

325 

285 

11 

94 



164 
82.2 
14.6 
11.1 
11.5 



11.8 
19.7 
20.0 

146 

110 
99.3 
98.6 
8.8 
25.9 



2.88 
1.44 
.256 
.195 
.202 



207 
.346 
.361 
2.56 
1.93 
1.74 
1.73 
.187 
.651 



1.93 

1.61 

.30 

.22 

.23 



.24 

.39 

.40 

.76 

1.65 

2.01 

1.93 

.06 

.61 



o57 square miles from May 14, 1909, to August 22, 1910. 



LAKE CHAMPLAIN DEAINAGE BASIK. 



11 



Monthly discharge of Dog River at Northfield, Vt., for the years ending Sept. 30, 1909- 

1916— Continued. 





Discharge in second-feet. 


Rim-off 
(depth in 
inches on 
drainage 
area). 




Month. 


Maximum. 


Miaimum. 


Mean. 


Per 
square 
mile. 


Accu- 
racy. 


1910-11. 
October . . . . . 


51 
192 

647 
203 


17 
25 

43 
15 


28.0 
42.3 
219 
67.1 
23.5 
9.5 
9.3 
18.1 


0.596 
.900 
4.66 
1.43 
.500 
.202 
.198 
.385 


0.69 

1.00 

5.20 

1.65 

.56 

.23 

.23 

.43 


B 


November 


B 


April 


B 


May 


B 


June 


c 


Julv 


48 
67 
37 


5.0 
4.0 
8.0 


B 


August... . 


B 


September 


B 






1911-12. 
October 


184 
117 
293 


25 
41 
43 


62.1 

58.7 

80.3 

O45.0 

<x37.5 

a 58. 6 

345 

151 

85.5 

12.7 

11.5 

25.3 


1.32 
1.25 
1.71 

.957 
.798 
1.25 
7.34 
3.21 
1.82 
.270 
.245 
.538 


1.52 

1.40 

1.97 

1.10 

.86 

1.44 

8.19 

3.70 

2.03 

.31 

.28 

.60 


A 


November 


A. 


December 


A 


January 


D 


Eobruary 






D. 


March 


177 
1,320 
496 
419 
43 
28 
94 




c 


April 


84 

63 

16 
6.0 
8.0 
9.0 


A 


Mav 


A 


June 


A 


July 


B 


August 


B 


September 


B 






The year 


1,320 


6.0 


80.8 


1.72 


23.40 








1912-13. 
October 


838 

332 

223 

443 

111 

2,100 

443 

274 

99 

30 

9 

48 


14 

57 

35 

24 

15 

13 

92 

38 

12 
5.0 
4.0 
3 


72.6 

103 
76.0 

116 
35.5 

311 

166 
81.5 
41.8 
11.6 
5.5 
6.4 


1.54 
2.19 
1.62 
2.47 
.755 
6.62 
3.53 
1.73 
.889 
.247 
.117 
.136 


1.78 

2.44 

1.87 

2.85 

.79 

7.63 

3.94 

1.99 

.99 

.28 

.13 

.15 


A 




A 


December 


A 


January 


A 


February 


c 


March 


A 


April 


A 




A 


June 


B 


July 


c 


August 


c 


September 


c 






The year 


2,100 


3.0 


86.0 


1.83 


24.84 








1913-14. 
October 


156 

177 

136 

48 

35 

312 

2,010 

496 

72 

65 

55 

26 


4.0 

35 

31 

15 

15 

49 

62 

38 
9.0 
8.5 
6.7 
5.0 


41.4 
69.9 
64.7 
25.5 
23.2 
97.1 

480 

149 
26.7 
23.8 
12.7 
12.3 


.881 

1.49 

1.38 

.543 

.489 

2.06 

10.2 

3.17 

.568 

.506 

.270 

.262 


1.02 

1.66 

1.59 

.63 

.51 

2.38 

11.38 

3.66 

.63 

.58 

.31 

.29 


B 




A 


December 


A 




D 


February 


D 


March 


a' 


AprU 


B 




A 


June 


A 


July 


A 


August 


c 




c 








2,010 


4.0 


85.4 


1.82 


24.64 








October 


31 

149 

74 

226 

1,450 

178 

695 

90 

62 

265 

125 

25 


8.1 
12 
18 
22 
26 
38 
61 
24 
12 
27 
22 
11 


14.1 
30.5 
26.7 
57.9 

130 
76.2 

164 
49.5 
23.9 
68.4 
44.5 
16.3 


.300 
.649 
.568 
1.23 
2.77 
1.62 
3.49 
1.05 
.509 
1.46 
.947 
.347 


.35 

.72 

.65 

1.42 

2.88 

1.87 

3.89 

1.21 

.57 

1.68 

1.09 

.39 


c 




c 


December 


c 




c 


February 


B 




A 


April 


A 




A 


June 


A 


July 


A 


August 


A 


September 


A 






The year 


1,450 


8.1 


58.0 


1.23 


16.72 









o Estimated by comparison with records of streams in near-by drainage basins, 
daily discharge table. 



See also footnote to 



72 



SURFACE WATERS OF VERMOISTT. 



Monthly discharge of Dog River at Northfield, Vt., for the years ending Sept. 30, 1909- 

1916— Continued. 





Discharge in second-feet. 


Rim-ofl 

(depth in 

Inches on 

drainage 

area). 




Month. 


Maximum. 


Minimum. 


Mean. 


Per 
square 
mile. 


Accu- 
racy. 


1915-16. 
October 


47 

55 

141 

650 

392 

430 

505 

405 

173 

93 

32 

42 


13 

15 
14 
27 
27 
31 
141 
45 
53 
22 
12 
9 


18.8 
22.9 
36.5 

115 
90.9 
92.2 

235 

107 
96.9 
42.4 
18.3 
14.7 


0.400 
.487 
.777 
2.45 
1.93 
1.96 
5.00 
2.28 
2.06 
.902 
.389 
.313 


0.46 

.54 

.90 

2.82 

2.08 

2.26 

5.58 

2.63 

2.30 

1.04 

.45 

.35 


A. 




A. 




A 




B. 




B 




B. 




A. 




C. 




c. 


July 


A. 




B. 


September . . 


B. 








650 


9 


73.9 


1.57 


21.41 









Days of deficiency in discharge of Dog River at Northfield, Vt., during the years ending 

Sept. 30, 1913-1916. 



Discharge 
in second- 
feet. 


Theoret- 
ical 
horse- 
power 

per foot 
of fall. 


Days of deficiency in discharge. 


1912-13 


1913-14 


1914-15 


1915-16 


4.0 
6.0 
8.0 

10 

15 

20 
25 
30 
40 
50 

60 

80 
100 
125 
150 

200 
250 
300 
400 
500 

600 

800 
1,000 
1,500 
2,000 

2.500 


0.46 
.68 
.91 
1.1 
1.7 

2.2 

2.8 
3.4 
4.6 
5.7 

6.8 
9.1 
11.4 
14.2 
17.0 

22.7 
28.4 
34.1 
45.5 
56.8 

68.2 
90.9 

114 

171 

227 

284 


3 

48 
61 
75 
89 

114 
135 
146 
173 
191 

212 

249 
275 
297 
317 

336 
342 
348 
355 
359 

360 
361 
363 
364 
364 

365 








6 
22 
43 

74 

120 
143 
160 
199 
216 

241 
290 
305 
312 
320 

328 
337 
340 
351 
358 

360 
362 
363 
364 
364 

365 










9 
43 

86 
120 
152 
197 
240 

272 
309 
328 
338 
347 

352 
357 
359 
360 
361 

362 
364 
364 
365 


2 

40 

92 
121 
145 
185 
214 

239 
271 
284 
300 
314 

334 

zr,o 

355 
300 
363 

365 
366 















Note. — The above table gives the theoretical horsepower per foot of fall that may be developed at different 
rates of discharge, and shows the number of days on which the discharge and corresponding horsepower 
were respectively less than the amounts given in the columns for discharge and horsepower. In using 
this table, allowance should be made for the various losses, the principal ones being the wheel loss, which 
may be as large as 20 per cent, and the head loss, which may be as large as 5 per cent. 



LAKE CHAMPLAIN DRAINAGE BASIN. 



73 



DOG RIVER NEAR MONTPELIER, VT. 

Location. — At covered wooden Mghway bridge about half a mile above mouth of river 

and 1 mile from Montpelier. 
Drainage area. — 88 square miles. 
Records available. — July 6 to October 31, 1910. 
Gage. — Vertical staff on downstream end of right abutment; read twice daily by 

Katherine Berry. 
Discharge measurements. — Made by wading about 100 feet below gage. 
Channel and control. — Channel covered with gravel and alluvial deposits; control 

probably somewhat shifting. 
Extremes of stage. — Maximum stage recorded during the period, 3.50 feet at 

6 a. m. July 8 and 10.25 a. m. September 29; minimum stage, 1.05 feet at 6.15 

p. m. August 28. 
Regulation. — The operation of several power plants above the station seriously 

affects the distribution of flow during low- water periods. 
Accuracy. — Data insufficient for determination of daily discharge. Results of dis- 
charge measurements and morning and evening gage readings are given in the 

following tables. 

Discharge measurements of Dog River near Montpelier, Vt., during 1910. 



Date. 


Made by— 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Date. 


Made by— 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


July 6 
24 


G. M. Brett 


Feet. 
1.65 
1.42 


Sec.-ft. 
36.5 
14.7 


Aug. 10 
11 


G. M. Brett 


Feet. 
1.42 
1.59 


Sec.-ft. 
12.2 


Brett and Butterfield . - 


do 


28.2 



Twice-daily gage height, in feet, of Dog River near Montpelier, Vt.,for 1910. 



Day. 


July. 


August. 


September. 


October. 


A.M. 


P.M. 


A.M. 


P.M. 


A.M. 


P.M. 


A. M. 


P.M. 


1 






L35 
1.45 
1.45 
1.45 
2.1 

2.0 
1.7 
1.4 
1.4 
1.7 

1.4 
1.4 

1.4 
1.4 
1.4 

1.4 
1.4 
1.4 
1.6 
1.4 

1.15 
1.1 
1.1 
1.1 

1.05 

1.45 
1.15 
1.1 

1.3 

1.15 

1.05 


1.3 

1.45 
1.45 
1.75 

L7 
1.5 
1.5 

1.45 
1.55 

1.4 
L4 
1.4 
1.4 
1.4 

1.4 
1.4 
1.4 
1.6 
1.4 

1.15 

1.15 

1.1 

1.1 

1.25 

1.45 

1.15 

1.05 

1.2 

1.1 

1.15 


1.2 

1.45 
1.3 
1.15 
1.25 

1.65 

1.65 

1.45 

1.5 

L45 

1.5 

L5 
1.45 
1.65 
1.5 

1.5 
1.5 
1.5 
2.0 
1.65 

1.5 

1.6 

1.76 

1.5 

2.0 

1.6 
1.6 
1.6 
3.6 
2.0 


1.2 

1.55 

L2 

1.16 

1.46 

1.65 

1.65 

1.45 

1.5 

1.5 

1.6 

1.6 

1.6 

1.65 

1.5 

1.6 
1.5 
1.5 
2.0 
1.65 

1.5 
1.6 
1.6 
1.5 
1.76 

1.6 
1.5 
1.5 
2.8 
2.2 


1.75 

1.75 

1.86 

1.9 

1.75 

1.75 

1.7 

1.65 

1.65 

1.8 

2.0 

1.76 

1.76 

2.0 

2.0 

2.1 

1.85 

1.75 

1.7 

1.8 

1.65 

1.66 

1.7 

1.65 

1.66 

1.5 

1.45 

1.5 

1.5 

1.65 
1.75 


1.75 


2 






1.75 


3 






1.8 


4 






L85 


5 






1.75 


6 


1.65 
1.65 
1.65 
1.55 
1.45 

62.6 
1.65 
1.55 
1.45 
1.65 

1.7 
1.45 
1.45 
1.5 

L75 

1.65 
L45 
1.55 
1.4 
1.36 

1.5 

1.65 

1.7 

1.55 

1.6 

L55 


1.6 

1.7 

2.65 

1.5 

1.55 

2.0 

1.6 

1.5 

1.45 

1.6 

1.6 

1.4 

1.45 

1.65 

1.7 

1.65 

1.5 

1.5 

1.45 

1.3 

1.45 

1.6 

1.65 

1.5 

1.5 

1.45 


1.7 


7 


1.65 


8 


1 65 


9 


1.65 


10 


L85 


11 


2.0 


12 


1 75 


13 


L85 


14 


2.0 


15 


2.0 


16 


2.0 


17. ..... 


1 8 


18 


1.7 


19.. 


1.75 


20 


1.75 


21 


1.65 


22 


L8 


23 


1.65 


24 


1 5 


25 


1.5 


26 


1.45 


27 


1.46 


28 


1.6 


29 


1.5 


30 


1.7 


31 


1 75 











a Gage height, 3.5 feet at 6 a. m. 
Note.— Gage read at about 10 a. m. and 6 p. m. 



b Gage height, 3.1 feet at 6 a. m. 



V4 



SURFACE WATERS OE VERMONT. 



MAD RIVER NEAR MORETOWN, VT. 

Location. ^ — At covered wooden highway bridge known locally as Armstrong's Bridge, 
about 3 miles from Moretown on the road to Middlesex, and 4 miles above the 
mouth of the river. 

Drainage area. — 153 square miles. 

Records available. — July 6 to November 6, 1910. 

Gage. — Vertical staff on downstream end of left abutment; read twice daily by 
Harvey Prescott. 

Discharge measurements. — Made by wading about 1,000 feet below the gage. 

Channel and control. — Channel covered with gravel and alluvium; control prob- 
ably permanent throughout period covered by records. 

Extremes op discharge. — Maximum gage height recorded during the period, 5.6 
feet at 11 a. m. November 5 (discharge not determined); minimum gage height, 
1.48 feet at time of discharge measurement on August 28. 

Hegulation. — Distribution of flow probably affected by operation of mills at More- 
town. 

AccuaACY. — Daily discharge not computed, as it is not known how nearly the average 
of two gage readings a day represents the mean daily stage, but as the time of 
gage reading varied considerably on different days it is thought that monthly 
' discharge obtained from the twice-daily readings may be fairly good. 

Discharge measurements of Mad River near Moretown, Vt., during 1910. 



Date. 


Made by— 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Date. 


Made by— 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


July 6 


G. M. Brett 


Feet. 
1.75 
1.92 
1.92 


Sec.-ft. 
49.7 
63 
69 


y.ug. 22 
28 


G.M.Brett 


Feet. 
1.60 
1.48 


Sec.-ft. 
20.1 


Aug. 8 
8 


y//^do'/////^'.. ""'.'.'.. 


A. D. Butterfield 


13.6 



LAKE CHAMPLAIN DRAHSTAGE BASIN. 75 

Twice-daily discharge, in second-feet, of Mad River near Moretown, Vt.,for 1910. 



Day. 


July. 


August. 


September. 


October. 


November. 


A.M. 


P. M. 


A. M. 


P. M. 


A. M. 


P. M. 


A. M. 


P. M. 


A. M. 


P. M. 


1 






30 
37 
20 
73 
44 

37 
30 
30 
30 
37 

97 
73 
44 
44 
30 

30 
30 
25 
30 
25 

25 
25 
22 
17 
16 

14 
16 
17 
16 
17 
16 


25 
20 
25 
84 
37 

30 
30 
30 
30 
30 

73 
S3 
44 
37 
30 

30 
30 
37 
30 
30 

25 
22 
30 
30 
30 

30 
25 
25 
20 
22 
25 


14 
16 
14 
25 
30 

300 

215 

37 

30 

20 

25 
16 
14 
14 
24 

16 
17 
20 
20 
20 

25 
25 
30 
25 
25 

30 
30 
30 
25 
25 


25 
20 
25 
25 
300 

370 
62 
37 
30 
25 

30 
20 
30 
44 
25 

30 
30 
30 
30 
37 

37 
37 
37 
30 
30 

30 
25 
25 
20 
20 


30 
37 
30 
30 
30 

25 
25 
30 
30 
30 

30 
20 
25 
25 
30 

30 
30 
610 
140 
62 

30 
30 
30 
25 
25 

30 
25 
25 
30 
25 
25 


30 
25 
30 
30 
30 

25 
25 
30 
30 
30 

30 
25 
25 
30 
30 

30 

25 

610 

110 

44 

30 
30 
30 
30 
30 

30 
30 
30 
30 
30 
30 


30 
25 
25 
30 


30 


2 






30 


3 






30 


4 






30 


5. 








6 




30 
44 
44 
o30 
62 

30 
44 
53 
53 
30 

30 
37 
30 
30 
37 

44 
44 
37 
20 
25 

30 
37 
110 
37 
30 
30 






7. 


30 

30 

130 

20 

44 
20 
44 
44 
44 

62 
37 
30 
30 
37 

30 
25 
30 
30 
37 

30 
30 
140 
44 
44 
30 






8 






9 






10 






11 






12 







13. .... 






14 






15. .... 






16 






17. ... 






18 






19 






20 






21. 












23 






24 






25. 






26 






27 






28 






29 ... 






30 






31 

















« Discharge estimated. 

Note. — Discharge determined from a rating curve fairly well defined between 10 and 75 second-feet. 
Time of gage reading irregular, varying from 3 a. m. to noon for morning readings, and from 2 p. m. to 
8 p. m. for afternoon readings. Discharge Sept. 5 p. m. to Sept. 7 a. m. and Oct. 18 estimated from exten- 
sion of rating curve. Gage heights Nov. 5-6 beyond range of rating curve; discharge not estimated. 

Monthly discharge of Mad River near Moretown, Vt., for 1910. 
[Drainage are, 153 square miles.] 



Month. 



Discharge in sec- 
OLd-feet. 



Mean. 



Per 

square 
mile. 



Run-ofl 
(depth in 
inches on 



area). 



Ac- 
cur- 
acy. 



July 6-31.. 

August 

September 
October... 



39.2 
32.5 
44.5 
51.2 



0.256 
.212 
.291 
.335 



0.25 
.24 
.32 
.39 



76 



SURFACE WATERS OF VERMONT. 



WATERBURYi RIVER NEAR WATERBURY, VT. 

Location. — Near the covered wooden highway bridge known locally as Barbers 
Bridge, about 3J miles from Waterbury on the road to Stowe. 

Drainage area. — 112 square miles. 

Records availablb. — -July 7 to October 31, 1910. 

Gage. — Vertical staff on right bank about 75 feet below bridge. 

Discharge measurements. — -Made by wading about 100 feet above bridge. 

Channel and control. — ^Uhannel covered with gravel and alluvium; control prob- 
ably permanent during period covered by records. 

Extremes of stage. — -Maximum stage recorded, 6.5 feet at 7 a. m. August 6; mini- 
mum stage, 4.08 feet at 12 noon July 16. 

Regulation. — Flow affected by the operation of several mills above the gage. 

Accuracy. — Data insufficient for determination of discharge. 

Discharge measurements of Waterbury River near Waterbury, Vt., during 1910. 



Date. 


Made by— 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Date. 


Made by— 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


July 7 


G. M. Brett 


Feet. 
4.32 
4.24 


Sec.-ft. 
52 
40 


Aug. 17 


A. D. Butterfleld 


Feel. 
4.42 


Sec.-ft. 
G4 


15 


do 





Gage height, in feet, of Waterbury River near Waterbury, Vt.,for 1910. 



Day. 


July. 


August. 


September. 


October. 


A.M. 


M. 


P.M. 


A.M. 


M. 


P.M. 


A.M. 


M. 


P.M. 


A.M. 


M. 


P.M. 


1 








4.48 
4.48 
4.38 
4.50 
5.50 

6.60 
6.00 
5.00 
4.80 
4.60 

5.60 
6.20 
4.70 
4.62 
4.60 

4.50 

4.45 
4.38 
4.40 
4.55 

4.42 
4.30 
4.22 
4.18 
4.15 

4.18 
4.25 
4.20 
4.15 
4.50 
4.20 


4.45 
4.40 
4.35 
4.88 
6.12 

6.20 
5.90 
4.97 
4.77 

4.74 

5.45 
4.90 
4. GO 
4.58 
4.52 

4.58 
4.48 
4. .38 
4.55 
4.52 


4.42 
4.45 
4.42 
6.12 
6.17 

6.23 

5. GO 
4.88 
4.74 
4.80 

5.32 
4.80 
4.65 
4.55 
4. 63 

4.48 
4.42 
4.35 
4.60 
4.50 

4.35 
4.25 
4.20 
4.25 
4.20 

4.30 
4.28 
4.18 
4.18 
4.10 
4.16 


4.28 
4.18 
4.80 
4.50 
4.35 

5.30 

5. GO 
4.80 
4.65 
4.48 

4.40 
4.30 
4.38 
4.35 
4.50 

4.36 
4.25 
4.18 
4.12 
4.20 

4.18 
4.10 
4.80 
4.10 
4.80 

4.35 
4.30 

6. 50 
4.70 
4.50 




4.20 
4.12 
4.25 
4.42 
4.80 

5.82 
5.20 
4.78 
4.60 
4.46- 

4.38 
4.32 
4.40 
4.40 
4.42 

4.28 
4.20 
4.15 
4.15 
4.22 

4.20 
4.12 
4.12 
4.15 
4.20 

4.32 
4.35 
5.10 
4.62 
4.45 


5.00 
5.50 
5.00 
4.82 
4.65 

4.70 
5.00 
6.00 
4.92 
4.78 

4.62 
4. ,50 
4.48 
4.45 
4.40 

4. .50 
4.40 
4.38 
4.30 
4.28 

4.25 
4.22 
4.70 
4.82 
4.80 

6.80 
6.70 
6.90 
6.60 
5.65 
5.30 




5.10 


2 








6.28 


3 








4.90 


4 








4.78 


5 








4.62 


6 








4.80 






4.32 
4.50 
4.30 
4.28 

4.25 
4.12 
4.32 
4.23 
4.18 

4.08 
4.12 
4.20 
4.15 
4.28 

4.18 
4.30 
4. .52 
4.47 
4.38 

4.27 
4.34 

5.80 
4.80 
4. 07 
4.48 


4.30 
4.35 
4.25 
4.26 

4.20 
4. 15 
4.38 
4.38 
4.25 

4.22 
4.10 
4.15 
4.25 
4.22 

4.20 
4.35 
4.45 
4.40 
4.32 

4.37 
4.17 
5. .50 
4.68 
4. 48 
4.46 


6.10 


8 

9. 


4.40 
4.30 
4.38 

4.30 
4.18 
4.20 
4.27 
4.20 

4.10 
4.15 
4.15 
4.80 
4.80 

4.80 
4.28 
4.48 
4.50 
4.34 

4.20 
4.22 
6.00 
4.90 
4.60 
4.50 


4.88 
4.85 


10 


4.70 


11 


4. 55 


12 


4.52 


13 


4 50 


14 


4.42 


15 


4.50 


16 


4.48 


17 


4.45 


18 


4.35 


19 


4.32 


2U 


4.30 


21 


4.20 


22 


4.18 


23 


4.78 


24 


4.85 


25 


4.90 


20 


5.75 


27 


5.78 


28 


5.82 


29 


5. .52 


30 


5.40 


31 


5.22 













Note. — Readings usually taken at about 7 a. m., noon, and 6 p. m. 



I Sometimes called Little River, 



LAKE CHAMPLAIN DEAIISTAGE BASIN. 



77 



HUNTINGTON RIVER AT JONESVILLE, VT. 

Location. — At Palmer's mill, three-fourtha mile from Jonesville railroad station 
and three-fourths mile above mouth of river. 

Drainage area. — 55 square miles. 

Records available. — July 16 to September 3, 1910. 

Gage. — Vertical staff. 

Discharge measurements. — ^Made by wading about three-fourths mile below gage. 

Channel and control. — Gage just above and within the influence of the mill dam, 
but mill is used for power development only at extremely high water. 

Regulation. — Low- water flow regulated by operation of the Richmond electric- 
light plant 1^ miles above the gage. 

Accuracy. — Data inadequate for determination of discharge. 

Cooperation. — Gage-height readings furnished by Mr. G. W. Palmer. 



Discharge measurements of Huntington River at Jonesville, Vt., during 1910. 



Date. 


Made t)y— 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


July 16 
Aug. 29 . 

1 


G. M. B 
....do.. 






Feet. 
3.25 
3. 15 


Sec.-ft. 
12.0 






6.7 








Daily gage height, in feet, of Huntington River at Jonesville, Vt.,for 1910. 


Day. 


July. 


Aug. 


Sept. 


Day. 


July. 


Aug. 


Sept. 


Day. 


July. 


Aug. 


Sept. 


I 




3.42 

3.5 

3.6 

3.8 

3.7 

3.6 

3.6 

3.55 

3.5 

3.5 


3.5 

3.52 

3.55 


11 




3.5 
3.6 
3.6 
3.6 
3.55 

3.5 
3.5 
3.5 
3.5 
3.5 




21 


3.4 

3.42 

3.42 

3.45 

3.5 

3. 45 

3.45 

3.4 

3.4 

3.42 

3.42 


3.5 
3.5 
3.5 
3.5 
3.5 

3.5 

3.5 

3.48 

3.4 

3.48 

3.^9. 




2 




12 




22 




3 




13 




23 

24 





•4... 




14 






5. 




15... . 




25... 




6.. 


16... . 


3.25 

3.3 

3.38 

3.4 

3.4 


26 

27 

28 

29 




7 




17 




8 . 




IS... 




9 




19 




10 




20 


30 










31 















LAMOILLE RIVER AT CADYS FALLS, VT. 

Location. — About one-fourth mile below power plant of Morrisville Electric Light 

& Power Co., at what was formerly known as Cadys Falls, 2 miles downstream 

from village of Morrisville. (See PI. XI, p. 90.) 
Drainage area. — 280 square miles (measured on post-route map of Vermont, edition 

of 1915). 
Records available. — September 4, 1913, to September 30, 1916, at present location. 

A station was maintained at the highway bridge near the power plant at Cadys 

Falls from July 28, 1909, to July 13, 1910. 
Gages. — Water-stage recorder on right bank one-fourth mile below highway bridge 

at Cadys Falls (PI. X, B, p. 41). Gage heights are referred to gage datum by 

means of a hook gage inside the well. An outside staff gage is used for auxiliary 

readings. July 28, 1909, to July 13, 1910, chain gage on highway bridge at Cadys 

Falls. 
Discharge measurements. — Made from cable or by wading. 
Channel and control. — Channel has smooth gravel bed with well-defined gravel 

control 500 feet downstream from gage, 



78 



SURFACE WATEES OF VERMONT. 





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or 



Xa3J Nl J.H3I3H 33V0 



LAKE CHAMPLAIN DRAHSTAGE BASIN. 



79 



Extremes of discharge. — 1913-1916: Maximum stage recorded, 10.53 feet April 20, 
1914 (discharge, 7,250 second-feet); minimum stage, 1.82 feet August 17, 1914 
(discharge, 50 second-feet). 

Winter flow. — Stage-discharge relation affected by ice for short periods during 
extremely cold weather. 

Regulation. — ^The large amount of storage in the pond above the power plant at 
Cadya Falls, together with.the fluctuations in discharge caused by the operation 
of the plant, affects the flow of the river at this point. A study of the discharge 
records indicates that an additional storage of 270,000,000 cubic feet might be 
needed to insure a continuous flow of 140 second -feet or 0.5 second-foot per square 
mile at Cadys Falls for 90 per cent of the time during a year of extremely low 
flow; a storage of 85,000,000 cubic feet would probably insure this rate of flow 
for 90 per cent of the time during the average year. 

Accuracy. — Results good except for periods during which water-stage recorder was 
not in operation. 

The rating curve for this station is shown in figure 2. 

Discharge measurements of Lamoille River at Cadys Falls, Vt., during 1909-10 and 1913- 

1916. 



Date. 


Made by— 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Date. 


Made by— 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


1909. 
June 29 


D M Wood 


Feet. 
2.48 
1.61 
2.26 

2.40 
5.71 
3.76 

2.06 
2.05 
1.95 

2.54 

2.18 
«2.25 
«2.37 
2.56 


Sec.-ft. 
150 
24.1 
98 

146 

1,680 

510 

107 
102 
73 
251 

135 
131 
180 
160 


Mar. 20 

29 

29 

30 

Apr. 21 

21 

22 

22 

May 28 

Oct. 10 

Dec. 21 

1915. 
Jan. 8 
Feb. 10 
Apr. 23 
July 30 
Nov. 20 

1916. 
Feb. 10 


W. S. Easterly 


Feet. 
2.73 
4.02 
4.02 
4.10 
8.30 
7.93 
6.06 
5.80 
2.31 
2.06 
2.16 

3.09 
2.36 
2.75 
3.03 
3.26 

2.77 


Sec.-ft. 
320 


July 29 
29 


do 

do 

do 


do 

do 

do 


904 
931 
944 


1910 


R. S. Barnes 


4,3.50 


Jan. 6 
Mar. 27 


do 

do 


4,130 
2,320 


Apr. 19 


do 

G H. Canfleld 


do 

C. S. DeGolyer 


2,090 
175 


1913 


C H. Pierce... 


101 


Sept. 4 
6 
6 


C. S. DeGolyer. 


127 


do 

do ... 


C.H.Pierce 




Oct. 31 


G. S. DeGolyer 


472 




W. S. Easterly 


R. S. Barnes 


151 


1914 


do 


328 


Jan. 3 


G. F. Adams 


460 


17 


do 


do 


535 


Feb. 2 


.do 


R. S. Barnes 




25 


C.C. Covert 








336 









a Stage-discharge relation affected bj'^ ice. 
Note. — Gage heights of measurements made during 1909-10 refer to chain gage at highway bridge. 

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Lamoille River at Cadys Falls, Vt.,for the years ending 

Sept. SO, 1913-1916. 



Day. 


Sept. 


Day. 


Sept. 


Day. 


Sept. 


1913. 
1 




1913. 
11... 


84 
92 
75 
64 
73 

78 
78 
80 

78 
78 


1913. 
21 


60 


2 




12 . 


22.. 


87 


3 




13 


23 


179 


4 


105 
102 

92 
73 
84 
84 
97 


14 . 


24 . . 


140 


5 


15 


25 


132 


6 


16 


26 


110 


7 


17 


27 


107 


8 


18 


28 


89 


9 


19 


29 


89 


10 


20.. 


30 


102 






31 











73175°— wsp 424r— 17- 



80 



SURFACE WATEES OF VERMONT. 



Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Lamoille River at Cadys Falls, Vt., for the years ending 
Sept. 30, 1913-1916— Continued. 



Day. 



Oct. 



Nov. 



Dec. 



Jan. 



Feb. 



Mar. 



Apr. 



May. 



June. 



July. 



Aug. 



1913-14. 



1914-15. 



84 
112 
92 

87 
82 
89 
80 
82 



123 
146 
115 

94 
87 
78 
60 
164 

347 
217 
192 
200 
235 

400 
750 
500 
400 
367 
279 



220 
204 
147 
107 
112 

126 
124 
126 
135 
126 

107 
112 
135 
126 
132 

132 
328 
317 
248 
272 

217 

188 
172 
175 
129 

166 
172 
166 
166 
172 
172 



237 
164 
230 
237 
220 

182 
167 
188 
149 
240 

234 
195 
161 
167 
149 

132 
110 
1,35 
140 

578 

403 

298 
217 
244 
248 

237 
188 
161 
176 
143 



135 
163 
198 
191 
191 

224 
204 
156 

178 
188 

166 
166 
166 
185 
141 

408 
428 
237 
204 
220 

230 
204 
175 

178 
214 

309 
745 
450 
276 
262 



211 
302 
383 
428 
305 

282 
185 
462 
367 
294 

244 
176 
220 
195 
195 

211 
201 
207 
161 
167 

158 
161 
140 
126 
149 

152 
123 
99 
85 
110 
135 



298 
458 
493 
375 
254 

178 
172 
172 
147 
147 

118 
112 
90 
118 
121 

118 

115 
121 
124 
129 

132 
135 
138 
138 
132 

141 
139 
137 
135 
135 
135 



105 
121 
102 
123 
143 

158 
115 
129 
158 
129 

129 
129 
100 
75 
90 

100 
115 
100 
115 
100 

105 
105 
100 
115 
115 

115 
160 
130 
175 
190 
205 



121 
126 
118 
135 
126 

126 
254 
542 
367 
254 

230 

188 
182 
178 
166 

150 
115 
141 

387 
720 

347 
251 
220 

ISS 
150 

145 
140 
140 
125 
120 
110 



190 
175 
160 
160 
170 

185 
145 
135 
150 
125 

100 
50 
50 
65 
65 

100 
90 
80 
100 
115 

100 

65 
100 

75 
100 

100 
100 
90 



100 
95 



90 
90 
120 
145 
130 

145 
145 
130 
105 
110 

195 
210 
185 
190 

170 

125 
135 
130 
309 
4,700 

3,600 

1,250 

820 



130 
190 
330 
470 
410 

345 
255 
220 
190 

205 

190 
205 
175 
250 
145 

190 
345 
470 
365 
325 

313 

298 
258 
207 
240 

265 
672 
950 
1,000 
922 
770 



628 
560 
462 
428 
408 

515 
290 
305 
290 
265 

251 
279 
220 
166 
182 

204 
198 
185 
198 

188 

144 
166 
188 
272 
416 

538 
309 
220 
272 
227 
?20 



770 
920 

720 
582 
484 

416 

383 

475 

1.620 

1,120 

1,030 

1, 160 

950 

870 

950 

1,060 
920 
1,590 
3,920 
6,650 

5, 020 
2,510 
2,020 
1,660 
1,730 

1,800 
1, 870 
2,260 
2,800 
2,600 



244 
294 
272 
198 
336 

424 

328 

672 

1,060 

1,380 

5,620 

3,820 

1,520 

945 

745 

542 
628 
502 
475 
450 

403 
359 
328 
302 
471 

820 
695 
515 
416 
379 



1,590 
1,380 
1,420 
1,380 
1,280 

1,520 
950 
695 
770 
650 

580 
535 
475 
462 
395 

324 
224 
200 
200 
200 

200 
200 
200 
200 
200 

200 
200 
176 
164 
140 
121 



450 
493 
441 
367 
309 

112 

204 
367 
484 
351 

290 
251 
220 
220 
194 

182 
188 
227 
230 
248 

224 
204 
194 
178 
1S3 

169 
367 
290 
204 
166 
150 



125 
125 
145 
140 
120 

100 
90 



90 
90 
90 
90 
90 

100 
115 
115 
100 
100 



90 
90 
90 
100 

100 
100 
100 
100 
150 



141 
147 
141 
126 
124 



112 
118 
129 

144 
237 
135 
121 
141 

156 
198 
290 
204 
182 

175 
144 
121 
107 
115 

107 
98 
112 
120 
126 



190 
290 
390 
250 
140 

140 
160 
290 
270 
240 

220 
205 
175 
140 
130 

130 
100 
140 
130 
115 

115 
107 
102 
102 
123 

115 
115 
137 
161 
161 
123 



126 
126 
126 
112 
109 

147 
129 
436 
1,450 
672 

347 
244 
204 
144 
156 

165 
170 
ISO 
190 
200 

204 
204 
538 
328 
220 

240 
265 
290 
300 
510 
300 



112 
SO 



102 

75 



115 
129 
102 
102 
97 

78 
78 
97 
143 
110 

102 
158 
110 
94 



82 

82 

97 

188 

309 

204 



182 
172 
204 
169 
141 

141 
138 
141 
204 
651 

328 
224 
188 
188 
169 

169 
204 
254 
198 
163 

153 
118 
290 
408 
371 

328 
240 
194 
141 
147 
144 



LAKE CHAMPLAIN DRAINAGE BASIN. 



81 



Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Lamoille River at Cadys Falls, Vt.,for the years ending 
Sept. 30, 191 3-19 le—Gontinued. 



Day. 


Oct. 


Nov. 


Dec. 


Jan. 


Feb. 


Mar. 


Apr. 


May. 


June. 


July. 


Aus;. 


Sept. 


1915-16. 
1 


135 
135 
132 
141 
420 

672 
383 
290 
230 
178 

178 
169 
160 
150 
175 

169 
132 
124 
163 
204 

204 
204 
166 
132 
135 

153 
163 
153 
147 
166 
172 


175 
172 
175 
169 
175 

188 
153 
147 
178 
182 

169 
166 
178 
1-50 
175 

283 
220 
191 
211 
560 

582 
462 
347 
279 
224 

217 
194 
211 
272 
493 


420 
272 
220 
220 
191 

201 
172 
156 
169 
135 

129 
129 
126 
150 
160 

156 
153 
175 
302 
347 

265 
237 
211 
211 
201 

646 
1,030 
672 
551 
493 
462 


445 
375 
309 
355 
546 

582 
551 
347 
272 
428 

313 
294 
237 
244 
359 

234 
185 
211 
237 

178 

182 
279 
745 
720 
515 

533 
945 
2,430 
1,660 
895 
770 


1,350 
972 
672 
533 
462 

395 
387 
351 
336 
317 

302 
254 
217 
244 
244 

230 
224 
224 
237 
230 

234 
214 
211 
207 
217 

480 
945 
506 
391 


367 
351 
347 
367 
302 

294 
283 
279 
279 
276 

258 
254 
244 
328 
237 

204 
237 
272 
237 
214 

172 
227 
328 
220 
220 

214 

332 

770 

1,150 

1,730 

2,340 

- 


2,430 
2,950 
1,800 
1,320 
945 

870 
945 
795 
845 
695 

820 
1,090 
1,060 
1,180 
1,060 

1, 180 
1,520 
2,180 
1,700 
1,220 

1,090 
1,180 
1,800 
1,760 
1,350 

1,090 

895 
770 
695 
560 


416 
493 
502 
618 
560 

467 
437 
428 
408 
383 

383 
359 
317 
290 

283 

283 

493 

1,590 

1,060 

695 

515 
428 
408 
395 
328 

272 
244 
230 
244 
363 
770 


475 
347 
290 
672 

745 

1,000 
610 
428 
450 
641 

745 
672 
542 
391 
309 

287 
363 
412 
515 
795 

574 
395 
317 
276 
214 

262 
240 
524 
432 
317 


248 
198 
207 
328 
367 

276 
220 
290 
347 
240 

204 
244 
276 
268 
204 

147 
188 
175 
160 
147 

141 
141 

147 
172 
185 

188 
175 
150 
126 
115 
237 


191 
150 
141 
135 
132 

109 
121 
138 
395 

845 

445 
268 
207 
1S5 
160 

141 
141 
135 
129 
104 

109 
129 
132 
124 
126 

118 
121 
132 
147 
138 
135 


124 


2 


141 


3 


135 


4 


109 




132 


6 


144 


7 


141 


S 


147 


9 


178 


10 . . 


115 


11 ... 


109 


12 


115 


13 


112 


14 


107 


15. 


204 


16 


276 


17 


147 


IS 


138 


19 


135 


20 


144 


21 


129 


22 


118 


23 


129 


24 


135 


25 


126 


26 


118 


27 


115 


28 


115 


29 


144 


30 


1,000 


31 









Note. — Discharge computed from a well-defined rating curve. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice 
Jan. 13 to Mar. 1, 1914; Jan. 25 to Feb. 23, 1915; Jan. 8-21, Feb. 11-18, Mar. 1-6, 16-21, 1916; discharge ascer- 
tained by means of gage heights, discharge measurements, and weather records. Daily discharge Oct. 
24-29, 1913; Dec. 29, 1913, to Jan. 12, 1914; Mar. 2-19, May 10-13, 18-27; June 1 to July 21, Dec. 27-28, 1914; 
Feb. 25-26, Apr. 11-12, 27-28, June 29 to July 2, July 13, 14, 16, 18-20, 26, 27, 29, 31, 1915; Jan. 1-3, 5, Feb. 
26-28, Mar. 17-20, 29-30, and May 3-22, 1916, when automatic gage was out of order, estimated from readings 
by observer and comparisons with records of Winooski River at Montpelier and Missisquoi River near 
Richford. 

Monthly discharge of Lamoille River at Cadys Falls, Vt., for the years ending Sept. 30, 

1913-1916. 

[Drainage area, 280 square miles.] 



Month. 



Discharge in second-feet. 



Maximum. 



Minimum. 



Mean. 



Per 

square 
m.ilei 



Run-off 
(depth ill 
inches on 
drainage 
area). 



Accu- 
racy. 



1913-14 

October 

November 

December 

January 

February 

March 

April 

May 

June 

July 

August 

September 

The year ..... 



750 

578 

462 

205 

190 

1,000 

6,650 

1,590 

145 

390 

309 

254 



60 

110 

99 

75 

50 

130 

383 

121 

90 

102 

75 

92 



188 
211 
213 
124 
112 
365 
1,700 
556 
104 
168 
112 
143 



0.671 
.754 
.761 
.443 
.400 
1.30 
6.07 
1.99 
.371 
.600 
.400 
.511 



6,650 



333 



1.19 



0.77 
.84 
.88 
.51 
.42 
1.50 
6.77 
2.29 
.41 
.69 
.46 
.57 



16.11 



82 



SUEFACE WATERS OF VERMONT, 



Monthly discharge of Lamoille River at Cadys Falls, Vt.,for the years ending Sept. 30, 

1913-1916— Contiuued. 



Month. 



Discharge in second-feet. 



Maximum. 



Minimum. 



Mean. 



Per 

square 
mile. 



Run-off 
(depth in 
inches on 
drainage 
area). 



Accu- 
racy. 



1914-15. 

October 

November 

December 

January 

February 

March 

April 

May 

June 

July 

August 

September 

The year 

1915-16. 

October 

November 

December 

January 

February 

March 

April 

May 

June 

July 

August 

September 

The year 



328 
745 
493 
720 

4, 70.0 
628 

5,620 
493 
290 

1,450 
551 
240 



5,620 



672 

582 

1,030 

2,430 

1,3.50 

2,340 

2,950 

1,590 

1,000 

367 

845 

1,000 



2,950 



107 
135 

90 
110 

90 
144 
198 
112 

96 
109 
118 
107 



169 

240 
173 
212 
489 
297 
838 
262 
142 
285 
215 
147 



90 



124 
147 
126 
178 
207 
172 
560 
230 
214 
115 
104 
107 



198 
243 
289 
528 
400 
430 
1,260 
473 
475 
210 
183 
166 



0.604 
.857 
.618 
.757 
1.75 
1.06 
2.99 
.936 
.507 
1.02 
.768 
.525 



1.02 



.707 
.868 
1.03 
1.89 
1.43 
1.54 
4.50 
1.69 
1.70 
.750 
.654 
.593 



104 



403 



1.44 



0.70 

.96 

.71 

.87 

1.82 

1.22 

3.34 

1.08 

.57 

1.18 

.89 

.59 



13.93 



19.62 



.82 


A. 


.97 


A. 


1.19 


A. 


2.18 


(I. 


L.M 


C. 


1.78 


C. 


5. 02 


B. 


1.95 


C. 


1.90 


A. 


.86 


H. 


.75 


A. 


.66 


B. 



Days of deficiency in discharge of Lamoille River at Cadys Falls, Vt., during the years 
eliding Sept. 30, 1914-1916. 



Discharge 
in second- 
feet. 


Iheoretical 

horsepower 

per foot of 

fall. 


Days of deficiency in discharge. 


1913-14 


1914-15 


1915-16 


65 
80 
100 
125 
ISO 

175 
200 
250 
300 
350 

400 
500 
600 
700 
800 

1,000 
1,500 
2,000 
3,000 
4,000 

6,000 
8,000 


7.4 
9.1 
11.4 
14.2 
17.0 

19.8 
22.7 
28.4 
34.1 
39.8 

45.5 
56.8 
68.2 
79.6 
90.9 

114 
170 
227 
341 
455 

682 
909 


3 

12 

62 

134 

176 

205 
231 
274 
289 
299 

306 
319 
324 
325 
332 

340 
349 
357 
362 
363 

364 
365 










10 
53 
134 

172 
214 
261 
286 
303 

314 
336 
346 
352 
356 

359 
362 
363 
363 
364 

365 




20 
69 

99 
126 
185 
217 
239 

260 
285 
303 
315 
325 

336 
3.53 
361 
366 











Note. — The above table gives the theoretical horsepower per foot of fall that may be developed at differ- 
ent rates of discharge, and shows the number of days on which the discharge and corresponding horse- 
power were respectively less than the amounts given in the columns for discharge and horsepower. In 
using this table, allowance should be made for the various losses, the principal ones being the wheel loss, 
which may be as large as 20 per cent, and the head loss, which may be as large as 5 per cent. 



LAKE CHAMPLAIl^ t^RAINAGE BASllT. 



83 



LAMOILLE RIVER AT JOHNSON, VT. 

Location. — At the highway bridge in the village of Johnson, on the road from the 
railroad station to the post office, and about 400 feet above the mouth of Gihon 
River. 

Drainage area. — 324 square miles. 

Records available. — ^July 14, 1910, to December 31, 1913. 

Gage. — Chain, fastened to handrail of bridge; read twice daily by F. M. Ward. 

Discharge measurements. — Made from bridge or by wading. 

Channel and control. — Channel covered with gravel and ledge rock; control for low 
stages formed by gravel bar about 350 feet below the bridge; at high, stages control 
is probably below mouth of Gihon River. 

Extremes of discharge. — 1910-1913: Maximum stage recorded, 16.0 feet at 7 a. m. 
April 8, 1912 (approximate discharge from extension of rating curve, 11,700 second- 
feet); minimum stage, 1.8 feet July 6, 13, and 16, 1911 (discharge, 50 second-feet). 

Winter flow. — Stage-discharge relation affected by ice. 

Regulation. — Distribution of flow affected by storage in several ponds and lakes 
above the station. Diurnal fluctuation in flow at this point probably not great. 

Accuracy.- — Comparisons with records at Cadys Falls from September to December, 
1913, indicate that computations based on gage readings twice daily may be con- 
sidered reliable. 

Discharge measurements of Lamoille River at Johnson, Vt., during 1909-1913. 



Date. 


Made by— 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Date. 


Made by— 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


1909. 
June 28 


D.M.Wood 


Feet. 
2.51 

5.45 
3.69 
2.38 
2.68 

2.12 
2.09 


Sec.-ft. 
128 

1,640 
642 
193 
226 

104 
96 


1912. 
Feb. 24 
Aug. 29 
Oct. 19 

1913. 

Mar. 7 

29 

Apr. 25 

Aug. 20 

20 


G. H. Canfleld 


Feet. 

a 3. 70 
2.57 
2.69 

a 5. 49 
6.12 
3.35 
2.18 
2.37 


Sec.-ft. 
155 




T. W. Norcross 


J. G. Mathers 


206 


1910. 


C. S. DeGolyer 


238 


Mar. 27 


C. S. DeGolyer 

R. S.Barnes 




Apr. 19 
July 14 
Aug. 20 

1911. 


do 




G. M. Brett 


235 


do 

G. H. Canfleld 


2,190 


do 

G.H. Canfleld 


555 
98 


June 27 


do 


136 


Aug. 5 


do 





a Stage-discharge relation aflected by ice. 

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Lamoille River at Johnson, Vt., for the years ending 

Sept. 30, 1910-1913. 



Day 


July. 


Aug. 


Sept. 


Day. 


July. 


Aug. 


Sept. 


Day. 


July. 


Aug. 


Sept. 


1910. 
1.. 




128 
126 
124 
123 
115 

425 
405 
310 
123 
90 


119 
144 
123 
151 
138 

600 
GOO 
385 
227 
212 


1910. 
11 




186 
174 
129 
90 
109 

162 
1G7 
192 
217 
242 


174 
119 
123 
130 
140 

119 
123 
119 
109 
99 


1910. 
21 


123 
153 
227 
123 
109 

111 

1U9 
242 
328 
129 
129 


138 
123 
117 
117 
115 

99 
121 
123 
109 
121 
119 


90 


2 




12 




22 


90 


3 




13. 




23 


90 


4 




14 


140 
258 

123 
117 
90 
127 
127 


24 


109 


5 




15.. 


25 


99 


6 




16 . 


26. ... 


81 


7 




17 


27 


109 


8 




18 


28 


487 


9 




19... . 


29 


310 


10 




20 


30 


199 








31 











84 



SUEFACE WATERS OF VERMONT. 



Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Lamoille River at Johnson, Vt.,for the years ending 
Sept. 30, 1910-1913— CovLiimiedi. 



Day. 


Oct. 


Nov. 


Dec. 


Jan. 


Feb. 


Mar. 


Apr. 


May. 


June. 


July. 


Aug. 


Sept. 


1910-11. 
1 


199 
445 
532 
292 
174 

151 
227 
199 
199 
212 

186 
186 
151 
174 
140 

140 
129 
140 
129 
123 

129 
119 
174 
186 
310 

327 
555 
532 
328 
227 
212 

181 
167 
151 
174 
910 

510 
275 
199 
181 
162 

151 
129 
140 
119 
115 

99 
95 

140 
1,400 

650 

425 
328 
532 
600 
405 

292 

258 
242 
199 
186 
227 


212 

555 

700 

1,200 

1,140 

555 
445 
365 
258 
227 

292 
275 
258 
292 
275 

258 
258 
227 
227 
199 

242 
227 
242 
292 

258 

227 
174 
227 
212 
227 


227 
227 

258 
174 
242 

227 














99 
103 
73 
57 
62 

50 
57 
90 
73 
65 

73 
81 
50 
73 
68 

57 
81 
186 
151 
129 

103 
109 
90 
73 

85 

119 
90 
85 
90 
99 

123 

140 
140 
125 
120 
109 

82 
73 

100 
82 

100 

114 
114 
114 
82 
120 

110 

114 
120 
109 
125 

130 
120 
130 
110 
120 

104 
109 
120 
120 
162 
135 


129 
103 
99 
99 
103 

103 
73 

103 
92 

85 

103 
95 
73 
73 

78 

95 
107 
103 

186 
174 

115 

115 

107 

78 

73 

81 
81 
78 
109 
95 
73 

135 
140 
216 
175 
186 

168 
145 
145 
151 
162 

140 
216 
174 
162 
174 

145 
140 
130 
100 
145 

125 
128 
130 
145 
199 

213 
400 
320 
186 
174 
156 


109 


2 














81 


3 














73 


4 














81 


5 














95 


6 












129 
125 
129 
129 
125 

119 
147 
186 
169 
186 

186 
227 
212 
140 
151 

140 
134 
147 
119 
109 

81 
95 
115 
103 
103 


1S6 
258 


7 












8 














151 


9 














121 


10 














129 
119 


11 














12 














140 


13 . .. 














115 


14 














115 


15 














162 


16 














328 


17 














212 


18 














136 


19 














123 


20 














115 


21 














99 


22 . .. 














109 


23 














123 


24 














103 


25 














158 


28 














212 


27 














186 


28 














186 


29 














174 
















199 


31 














1911-12. 
1 


328 
258 
292 
227 
199 

158 
258 
151 
405 
310 

292 
275 
750 
555 
365 

405 
292 
365 
445 
425 

405 
405 
365 
385 
292 

328 
310 
258 
1,810 
965 


555 
425 
425 
242 
310 

365 
383 
310 
328 
555 

750 
1,330 
3,650 
2,090 
1,020 

650 

800 
600 
510 
405 

425 

365 

3,490 

1,810 

1,140 

750 
600 
532 
510 
465 
365 










880 
615 
570 
425 
610 

480 
625 
500 
465 
490 

425 

425 

490 

1,140 

725 

990 
1,640 
1,570 
1,080 

700 

2,690 
1,640 
1,640 
1,110 
1,200 

910 
675 
465 
525 
880 
3,090 


3,820 
2,970 
1,600 
1,260 
1,430 

910 
940 
910 
615 
455 

490 
405 
510 
425 
345 

345 

465 
385 
293 
260 

227 
242 
213 
162 
186 

186 
212 
174 
156 
■ 140 


151 


2 










140 


3 










145 


4 










162 


5... 










162 


6 










242 


7 








7,500 
9,150 
3,290 
2,230 

1,880 
2,020 
2,120 
2,410 
3,930 

6,280 
6,350 
3,690 
3,450 
2,730 

2,770 
1,810 
5,160 
2,480 
1,640 

1,560 

1,250 

855 

880 

650 


227 


8 






151 


9 








130 


10... 








130 


11.. 








255 


12 








285 


13 








191 


14 








163 
151 

470 


15 








16 








17 








285 
290 


18 








19 








800 


20 






940 

775 


21 






22. 






510 


23 






328 
328 
250 


24. . 






25 






26 








212 
199 
180 


27 






28 






29 








202 


30 








350 


31 











LAKE CHAMPLAIN DRAIFAGE BASIN. 



85 



Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Lamoille River at Johnson, Vt., for the years ending 
Sept. 30, 1910-1913— Continued. 



Day. 


Oct. 


Nov. 


Dec. 


Jan. 


Feb. 


Mar. 


Apr. 


May. 


June. 


July. 


Aug. 


Sept. 


1912-13. 
1 


292 
328 
258 
250 
235 

186 
151 
199 
205 
199 

227 
244 
328 
405 
284 

292 
258 
258 
242 
212 

157 

222 

227 

6,100 

3,730 

2,300 
2,050 
650 
625 
334 
405 


405 
510 
485 
405 
365 

350 

365 

3,770 

1,640 

1,300 

625 

760 

445 

1,100 

1,400 

1,110 

1,020 

825 

465 

485 

740 
227 
308 
385 
405 

530 
435 
405 
284 
365 


405 
258 
1,500 
880 
700 

780 
990 
655 
405 
385 

405 
405 
345 
375 
350 

365 
430 
405 
600 
830 

580 
700 
480 
530 
580 

365 

405 
385 
425 
365 
445 


405 
385 
365 
1,170 
880 

750 
675 
650 
775 
625 






2,730 
1,640 
1,200 
1,880 
3,970 

2,020 

1,540 

1,020 

980 

910 

940 
1,140 
1,050 
1,060 

990 

1,040 

830 

750 

1,350 

1,540 

775 
725 
675 
580 
580 

530 
555 
465 
445 
405 


365 
310 
328 
258 
275 

292 
292 
266 
292 
258 

227 
206 
199 
199 
199 

180 
199 
199 
284 
266 

227 
258 
368 
328 
468 

650 
328 
512 
2,200 
1,820 
970 


675 
465 
465 
310 
328 

292 
278 
328 
365 
310 

130 
130 
187 
109 
120 

176 
555 
328 
227 
214 

151 
109 
146 
163 
174 

174 
244 
140 
151 
146 


151 
130 
151 
130 
109 

151 
151 
146 
130 
218 

292 
186 
151 
151 
151 

130 
130 
151 
328 
174 

130 
130 
120 
151 

187 

174 
140 
254 
405 
328 
258 


199 
174 
174 
151 
151 

146 
151 
140 
119 
130 

151 
146 
151 

151 
140 

130 
130 
120 
130 
135 

130 
125 
140 
130 
120 

130 
151 
151 
146 
151 
130 


119 


2 






109 


3 






130 


4 






130 


5 






109 


6 






99 


7 




235 


130 


8 


109 


9 






120 


10 






109 


11 






115 


12 








110 


13 








222 


14 








90 


15 








100 


16 








90 


17 








100 


18 








110 


19 








100 


20 








90 


21 








110 


22 








438 


23 








244 


24 






1,700 
5,740 

6,170 
6,400 
4,550 
2,260 
1,610 
2,360 


187 


25 






151 


26 






146 


27 






135 


28 






151 


29 






110 


30 






109 


31 

















Day. 


Oct. 


Nov. 


Dec. 


1913. 
1 


130 
90 
176 
151 
109 

90 
99 
90 
109 
99 


365 
292 
227 
186 
258 

227 
199 
292 
258 
365 


227 
310 
555 
578 
532 

405 
555 
650 
385 


2 


3 . .. 


4 


5 


6 


7 


8 


9 


10 





Day. 



1913 

11 

12 

13 

14 

15 

16 

17 

18 

19 

20 



Oct. 


Nov. 


Dec. 


S9 


328 




140 


244 




227 


227 




212 


199 




202 


186 




151 


174 




130 


151 




205 


199 




120 


174 




151 


1,060 





Day. 



1913 

21 

22 

23 

24 

25 

26 

27 

28 

29 

30 

31 



Oct. 



455 
199 
187 
212 
258 

428 
802 
578 
445 
328 
405 



Nov. 



555 
408 
365 
328 
328 

310 
227 
186 
258 
328 



Dec. 



Note. — Discharge computed from a rating curve fairly well defined between 90 and 2,400 second-feet. 



86 

Monthly dii 



SURFACE WATERS OP VERMONT. 

of Lamoille River at Johnson, Vt., for the years ending Sept. 30, 1910- 
1913. 

[Drainage area, 324 square miles.] 





Discharge in second-feet. 


Rim-off 
(depth in 
inches on 
drainage 
area). 




Month. 


Maximum. 


Minimum. 


Mean. 


Per 

square 
mile. 


.'Accu- 
racy. 


1910. 
July 14-30 


328 
425 
600 

555 
1,200 
227 
186 
186 
328 


90 
90 
81 

119 
174 
81 
50 
73 
73 


154 
159 
187 

233 
352 
140 

88.5 
99.4 
147 


0.475 
.491 
.577 

.719 
1.09 
.432 
.273 
. .307 
.454 


0.32 

.57 
.64 

.83 
1.22 
.40 
.31 
.35 
.51 


B. 


August 


B. 




B. 


1910-11. 
October 


B. 


November 


B. 


June 6-30 


B. 


July 


C. 


August 


C. 


September 


B. 








1911-12. 
October 


1,400 
1,810 
3,650 


95 
151 
242 


311 
409 

844 

o400 

a 1.50 

a 500 

2, 800 

9.54 

693 

115 

172 

294 


.960 

1.26 

2.60 

1.23 

.463 

l.,54 

8.64 

2.94 

2.14 

.355 

.531 

.907 


1.11 
1.41 
3.00 
1.42 
.50 
1.78 
9.64 
3.39 
2.39 
.41 
.61 
1.01 


B. 




B. 


December 


B. 




D. 


February 






C. 


March 






D. 


April... 


9,150 

3,090 

3,820 

162 

400 

940 


650 
425 
140 
73 
100 
130 


C. 


May 


B. 


Jiuie 


B. 


July 


B. 


August 


B. 




B. 






The year 


9,150 




634 


1.96 


26.67 










1912-13. 
October 


6,100 
3.770 
1.500 


1,51 
227 
258 


705 

730 

540 

a 840 

0485 

n 1,950 

1,140 

427 

253 

180 

143 

136 


2.18 

2.25 

1.67 

2. .58 

1.50 

6.02 

3.52 

1.32 

.781 

.556 

.441 

.420 


2.51 
2.51 
1.92 
2.97 
1.56 
6.94 
3.93 
1.52 
.87 
.64 
.51 
.47 


B. 




B. 


December 


B. 




C. 


Febiiiary 






D. 


March 






C. 


April 


3,970. 

2.200 
675 
405 
199 
438 


405 
180 
109 
109 
119 
90 


B. 


May 


B. 


June 


B. 


JiUy 


B. 


August 


B. 


September 


B. 






The year 






630 

228 
299 
466 


1.94 

.704 
.923 
1.44 


26.35 

.81 
1.03 

.48 




1913. 
October ... 


802 

1,060 

6.50 


90 
151 
227 


B. 




B. 


December 1-9 


B. 







a Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Jan. 1 to Apr. 6, 1912, and Jan. 11 to Mar. 23, 1913; determina- 
tions of discharge for these periods based on 2 discharge measurements and comparisons with near-by 
drainage basins. 

LAMOILLE RIVER AT WEST MILTON, VT. 

Location. — At the steel highway bridge near West Milton post oflBce, about 4 miles 

above mouth of river. 
Drainage area. — 715 square miles. 
Records available. — March 28 to October 8, 1903. 
Gage. — Chain on highway bridge; read twice daily by Harry A. Granger. 
Discharge measurements. — Made from bridge. 
Channel and control. — Channel straight above and below gage; broken by one 

bridge pier. Control indefinite and affected by backwater from Lake Champlain. 



LAKE CHAMPLAIN DEAIKAGE BASIN. 



87 



Extremes of stage. — Maximum stage recorded March 28 to October 4, 1903, 12.0 feet, 
March 28; minimum stage, 4.0 feet, September 25 to October 2, and October 8. 

Winter flow. — -Observations discontinued during winter. 

Diversions. — No diversions except from tributaries for municipal use. 

Regulation. — Distribution of flow at low stages affected by power development 
above the station. 

Accuracy. — Records only approximate, as stage-discharge relation was seriously 
affected by backwater from Lake Champlain. Data insufficient for determina- 
tion of discharge subsequent to June 11. 

Discharge measurements of Lamoille River at West Milton, Vt., during 1903. 



Date. 


Made by— 


Gage 
heiglit. 


Dis- 
charge. 

Sec.-ft. 
3,480 
2,760 
795 
655 
455 
395 


Date. 


Made by— 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Mar. 28 


H. K. Barrows 


Feet. 
12.00 
11.55 
9.60 
8.75 
7.93 
7.32 


May 20 
27 

June 8 
15 
15 
26 


C.H. Pierce 


Feet. 
6.72 
6.10 
5.45 
5.79 
5.75 
5.72 


Sec.-ft. 
195 


Apr. 6 
23 
29 


C.B.Brownell 


do.. 

do 

E.G. Mui'phy 


245 


A. D. Butterfleld 

H. K. Barrows 


220 
775 


May 6 
13 


C.H. Pierce 


do 

H. K. Barrows 


763 


do 


450 











Daily gage height, in feet, of Lamoille River at West Milton, Vt., for 1903. 



Day. 


Mar. 


Apr. 


May. 


June. 


July. 


Aug. 


Sept. 


Oct. 


1 




11.58 

11.5 

11.4 

12.2 

11.9 

11.55 

11.45 

11.5 

11.45 

11.35 

11.25 

11.1 

10.92 

10.8 

10.65 

10.55 

10.45 

10.32 

10.2 

10.05 

9.85 

9.7 

9.58 

9.45 

9.35 

9.2 
9.05 

8.88 
8.75 
8.7 


8.55 

8.4 

8.25 

8.05 

8.0 

7.92 

7.82 

7.7 

7.6 

7.5 

7.45 
7.35 
7.28 
7.18 
7.1 

7.0 

6.88 

6.8 

6.75 

6.62 

6.55 
6.52 
6.38 
6.32 
6.25 

6.2 
6.18 
6.08 
5.95 

5.88 
5.8 


6.72 

5.68 

5.6 

5.58 

5.5 

5.48 

5.4 

5.4 

5.32 

5.3 

5.28 

5.4 

5.7 

5.95 

5.75 

5.6 

5.6 

5.6 

5.55 

5.52 

5.58 

5.9 

6.2 

5.9 

5.72 

5.72 

5.7 

5.65 

5.6 

5.58 


5.5 
5.5 

5.52 
5.58 
5.55 

5.5 

5.5 

5.45 

5.42 

5.4 

5.55 

5.6 

5.35 

'"h'.h" 

5.22 
5.35 
5.25 
5.18 
5.15 

5.15 

5.85 
5.8 
6.35 
5.72 

5.6 

6.05 

5.62 

5.45 

5.55 

6.42 


5.92 

5.55 

5.35 

5.3 

5.22 

5.2 

5.15 

5.1 

5.1 

5.0 

5.0 

5.8 

5.4 

5.18 

5.1 

5.02 

5.0 

4.9 

4.95 

6.7 

6.25 

5.6 

5.25 

5.08 

5.0 

5.0 

5.0 

5.0 

4.9 

4.85 

4.8 


4.8 
4.8 
4.8 
4.8 
4.8 

4.75 

4.65 

4.6 

4.58 

4.5 

4.5 
4.5 
4.5 
4.4 
4.4 

4.4 

4.4 

4.35 

4.32 

4.3 

4.3 
4.3 

4.2 
4.2 
4.0 

4.0 
4.0 
4.0 
4.0 
4.0 


4.0 


2 




4.0 


3 . 




4.2 


4 




4.3 


5 




4.2 


6 




4.15 


7 




4.05 


8 




4 


9 . . .. 






10 






11 . 






12 






13 






14 






15 






16 






17 






18 






19 






20 






21 






22 






23 






24 






25 






26 .... 






27 






28 


12.0 

11.85 
11.62 
11.58 




29 




30 




31 











StrllPACE WATERS OE VERMON^T. 
Monthly discharge of Lamoille River at West Milton, Vt.,for 1903. 



Month. 


Discharge in second-feet. 


Month. 


Discharge in second-feet. 


Maximum. 


Minimum. 


Mean. 


Maximum. 


Minimum. 


Mean. 


March 28-31 


3,420 
3,720 


2,860 
613 


3,090 
1,820 




577 
231 


237 
214 


354 




June 1-11 


221 







GREEN RIVER AT GARFIELD, VT. 

Location. — At site of old dam just above highway bridge at Garfield, about 2 miles 

above junction of Green River with Lamoille River. 
Drainage area. — 20 square miles (approximate). 
Records available. — Januarys, 1915, to September 30, 1916. 
Gage. — Inclined staff on left bank in pool back of weir; read twice daily by P. M. 

Trescott. 
Discharge measurements. — Standard sharp-crested weir of compound section; 

length of crest at gage height 0.00 is 9.0 feet; at gage height 0.83 foot, 11.17 feet 

additional length of crest becomes available. Current-meter measurements made 

by wading about half a mile downstream from weir. 
Channel and control. — A pool of considerable size is formed in the old mill pond 

back of the weir; at ordinary stages the velocity of approach to the weir is very 

small. Some leakage around the weir in the old tailrace on left bank. 
Extremes ot discharge. — 1915-16: Maximum stage recorded, 3.6 feet at 9 a. m. 

April 12, 1915 (discharge, 436 second-feet); minimum stage, 0.35 foot at 9 a. m. 

Februarys, 1915 (discharge, 7.2 second-feet). 
Winter flow. — Stage-discharge relation not affected by ice; there is a clear fall below 

the weir and weir crest is kept clear of ice. 
Regulation. — An old timber dam about 2 miles upstream affects flow to some 

extent. The dam leaks by an amount somewhat greater than the low-water 

flow. During prolonged stage of low water flow, surface of water in pond (103 

acres) falls below crest of dam. Subsequent increased flow into pond is retained 

until water again flows over crest, when the increased flow is apparent at gaging 

station. 
Accuracy. — Except for some uncertainty in regard to leakage through old tailrace, 

results are considered very good for flow below 120 second-feet. At the higher 

stages the weir is flooded and results somewhat uncertain. 
Cooperation. — Gage-height records furnished by C. T. Middlebrook, consulting 

engineer, Albany, N. Y. 

Discharge measurements of Green River at Garfield, Vt., during 1915-16. 



Date. 


Made by— 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Date. 


Made by— 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


1915. 
Mar. 15 


C. H. Pierce 


Feet. 
0.88 
.80 
.94 
.92 
.64 
.62 


Sec.-ft. 
31.0 
23.9 
28.8 
28.7 
19.3 
19.0 


1915. 
Nov. 196 

196 

1916. 
Apr. 4a 

4a 

46 


G. F. Adams 


Feet. 
.62 
.62 

1.76 
1.76 
1.77 


Sec.-ft. 
13.6 


15 

Apr. 22 

22 


do 

R. S. Barnes 

do 


.....do 

R. S. Barnes 


12.2 


July 30 
Nov. 19a 


G. F. Adams 


109 


.do 


. .. do 


111 






.do. 


97 









a Measurement made about one-half mile below weir. 

b Measurement made at highway bridge about one-half mile above weir. 



LAKE CHAMPLAIK DEAIKAGE BASllT. 



89 



Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Green River at Garfield, Vt., for the years ending Sept. 

SO, 1915-16. 

[P. M. Trescott, observer.] 



Day. 



1915-lG. 



Oct. 



Nov. 



Dec. 



Jan. 



Feb. 



8.3 



10 
14 
11 
10 

10 
10 
10 
10 
10 

11 
11 

12 
14 
16 

13 
12 
12 
19 
15 

14 

12 

12 
9.6 
9.6 

10 



23 
23 
22 
20 
20 

25 
23 
24 
25 
23 

21 

18 
18 
16 
15 

15 
15 
15 
15 
15 

15 
18 
22 
19 
21 

32 
44 
97 
92 
96 
77 



10 

10 

10 
9.6 
7.2 



9.6 
9.1 
9.1 

9.6 



9.3 

12 
12 
15 
14 
61 

134 
105 

81 



77 
70 
62 
43 
34 

33 
29 
24 
23 
22 

20 
18 
18 

18 
18 

17 
16 
15 
15 
15 

14 
13 
13 
13 
15 

25 
20 
16 
18 



ar. 


Apr. 


May. 


68 


16 


31 


53 


16 


32 


43 


17 


30 


34 


16 


27 


32 


20 


24 


34 


19 


22 


28 


21 


20 


24 


38 


32 


25 


51 


36 


21 


116 


28 


21 


301 


24 


22 


394 


20 


18 


178 


18 


19 


114 


17 


20 


86 


15 


20 


76 


14 


18 


70 


16 


18 


53 


18 


20 


45 


21 


19 


41 


25 


15 


32 


23 


13 


29 


23 


13 


25 


21 


15 


25 


19 


17 


41 


16 


20 


66 


21 


17 


55 


29 


19 


39 


25 


19 


33 


21 


21 


31 


17 


17 




15 


21 


152 


52 


28 


192 


43 


24 


160 


39 


21 


103 


55 


19 


77 


52 


19 


66 


42 


17 


56 


35 


17 


56 


30 


17 


53 


28 


15 


53 


26 


15 


56 


29 


14 


88 


28 


14 


103 


26 


14 


128 


23 


14 


95 


21 


13 


109 


22 


13 


170 


50 


13 


229 


150 


12 


165 


129 


12 


105 


65 


11 


111 


40 


12 


138 


34 


12 


192 


34 


12 


184 


32 


11 


155 


28 


11 


119 


25 


17 


94 


22 


22 


81 


20 


29 


65 


19 


56 


51 


35 


129 




51 



June. 



13 
13 
13 
13 
11 

11 
11 
11 
10 
11 

15 
17 
16 
15 
15 

17 
18 
17 
16 
16 

15 
13 
13 
12 
11 

11 

10 
9.8 
9.8 
9.6 



July. 


Aug. 


11 


15 


10 


19 


10 


14 


10 


13 


10 


12 


10 


11 


9.8 


12 


23 


12 


81 


13 


60 


13 


29 


13 


23 


13 


18 


13 


15 


14 


14 


14 


13 


13 


43 


17 


159 


15 


70 


15 


35 


15 


25 


15 


22 


14 


19 


19 


18 


17 


19 


24 


18 


23 


15 


21 


13 


19 


26 


17 


17 


16 


15 


15 


18 


15 


19 


14 


19 


14 


19 


13 


19 


13 


17 


13 


15 


12 


17 


13 


17 


44 


17 


47 


16 


54 


16 


32 


16 


26 


15 


23 


15 


20 


13 


18 


13 


17 


13 


16 


13 


15 


12 


14 


12 


14 


12 


16 


12 


15 


11 


13 


11 


13 


11 


11 


15 


12 


15 


12 


14 


12 


13 


11 


23 


11 



Sept. 



10 
13 
10 
10 
10 

10 

10 
9.8 
9.1 
9.1 

8.6 
8.6 
8.3 
7.8 
12 

11 
10 



9.3 



9.8 
9.6 



9.3 
9.3 
9.1 
9.6 
16 



Note.— Discbarge computed from weir formula: Q=3.33 LHS'^ with logarithmic extension above gage 
height 1.90 feet, to which has been added 1.0 second-foot on account of leakage. 



90 



SUEFACE WATERS OF VEBMOKT. 



Monthly discharge of Green River at Garfield, Vt.,for the years ending Sept. SO, 1915-16. 



Month. 



Discharge in second-feet. 


Maximum. 


Minimum. 


Mean. 


19 


8.0 


11.4 


134 


7.2 


22.4 


68 


13 


24.0 


394 


16 


68.8 


36 


14 


22.6 


18 


9.6 


13.1 


159 


9.8 


27.8 


24 


11 


15.4 


15 


9.8 


11.9 


37 


11 


16.4 


51 


13 


19.2 


45 


13 


21.3 


97 


15 


29.8 


77 


13 


25.3 


129 


11 


21.1 


229 


51 


114. 


150 


19 


41.5 


79 


19 


35.6 


23 


11 


15.1 


54 


11 


18.5 


16 


7.8 


9.91 


229 


7.8 


30.5 



Accu- 
racy. 



1915. 

January 3-31 

February 

March 

April 

May 

June 

July 

August 

September 

1915-16, 

October 

November 

December 

January 

February 

March 

April 

May 

June 

July 

August 

September 

The year 



MISSISQUOI RIVER NEAR RICHFORD, VT. 

Locations. — ^First established near highway bridge in Richford, May 22, 1909; 
relocated at a highway bridge 3 miles downstream from Richford, 3 miles below 
the mouth of North Branch and 2 miles above the mouth of Trout River, June 
26, 1911. 

Drainage area. — 342 square miles at first site in Richford; 445 square miles at new 
site 3 miles below Richford. 

Records available. — May 22, 1909, to December 3, 1910, and June 26, 1911, to 
September 30, 1916. 

Gages. — ^May 22, 1909, to December 3, 1910, a chain gage Just below the mill of the 
Sweat-Comings Co. and two staff gages attached to rocks in the river just below 
the highway bridge in Richford; June 26, 1911, to July 31, 1915, a chain gage on 
downstream side of highway bridge just below the railroad bridge 3 miles down- 
stream from Richford; August 1, 1915, to September 30, 1916, water-stage recorder 
in gage house on left bank about one-fourth mile above the highway bridge. (See 
PI. XII, A.) 

Discharge measurements. — Made from highway bridge in Richford, at highway 
bridge 3 miles below Richford, and by wading. 

Channel and control. — Channel at Richford rough and covered with ledge rock; 
control permanent. At highway bridge 3 miles below Richford, channel deep 
and covered with gravel, boulders, and ledge rock. Control a poorly defined 
riffle about half a mile below the bridge; at high stages control probably influ- 
enced by dam at Enosburg Falls. Control for low and medium stages at water- 
stage recorder station is sharply defined rock outcrop about 100 feet below gage, 
and for higher stages control is probably at the island just above the railroad 
bridge. 

Extremes op discharge. — 1911-1916 (new site): Maximum stage recorded, 16.7 feet 
at 8.30 a. m. March 26, 1913 (approximate discharge determined from extension 
of rating curve, 10,200 second-feet); minimum stage, 4.15 feet by chain gage, 
July 14, 1911 (discharge, 8 second- feet). 

Winter flow. — Stage-discharge relation seriously affected by ice; discharge ascer- 
tained by means of gage heights, discharge measurements, observer's notes, and 
weather records. 

Regulation. — At low stages considerable daily fluctuation is caused by operation of 
power plants at Richford. The effect of this regulation is not so marked at the 
new site 3 miles below Richford as at Richford. 



U. 8. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 



WATER-SUPPLY PAPER 424 PLATE XI 




A. MUNICIPAL DAM. 




B. ELECTRIC-LIGHT PLANT. 
LAMOILLE RIVER AT MORRISVILLE, VT. 



U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 



WATER-SUPPLY PAPER 424 PLATE XII 




A. GAGE HOUSE ON MiSSISQUOl RIVER NEAR RICHFORD, VT., FEBRUARY 12, 1916. 




B. WHITE RIVER AT WEST HARTFORD, VT., FEBRUARY 15, 1916, LOOKING UPSTREAM. 



LAKE CHAMPLAIN DEAHSTAGE BASIN". 



91 



AcctTRACY. — Results from water-stage recorder are good. Comparison of results 
obtained by reading chain gage twice a day, with results obtained by use of water- 
stage recorder indicates that the monthly means computed from readings twice 
daily are fairly good, though the determinations for individual days obtained from 
these readings may be seriously in error. The discharge corresponding to the 
readings twice daily and the monthly discharge computed therefrom are given in 
the following tables. Discharge determined from the chain gage readings twice 
daily for August and September, 1915, are given for purpose of comparison with 

^ the results obtained by the water-stage recorder for the same period. 

Discharge measurements of Missisquoi River near Richford, Vt., during 1909-1916. 



D. M. Wood a. 

do 

do 

do 

.....do 

do 

do 



D.M.Wood 

T. W. Norerosso. 

G. M. Brett 

do 



(J. H. Canfield. 
....do 



G.H. Canfield. 
J. G. Mathers. . 

do 

C. S. DeGolyer. 
do 



C. S. DeGolyer. 
R. S. Barnes.. - 
do. 



G. H. Canfield. 



C. S. DeGolyer. 

do 

do 



R. S. Barnes. 

do 

C. H. Pierce.. 
G. F. Adams. 

....do 

....do 

....do 

....do 

do 

R. S. Barnes. 



R. S. Barnes 

do 

do 

do 

Hardin Thweatt. 



Made bv— 



Gage height. 



By hook 

gage at 

recording 

gase 
station. 



Feet. 



2.65 
2.25 
2.44 
4.36 
4.28 
C5.20 



C4.79 

C5.69 

e4.04 

5.81 

3.80 



By 
cnain 
gage. 



Feet. 
7.09 
5.36 
4.63 
4.91 
5.22 
5.21 
6.93 



C5.75 
8.24 
5.25 
5.27 



5.10 
4.74 



C6.42 
6.65 
6. .58 
5.94 
5.81 



C7.34 
10.24 
7.10 
4.63 



5.46 

d6.63 

6.58 



6.21 
6.17 
6.88 
4.94 
5.00 
4.62 
4.76 
6.78 
6.65 
C7.90 



C7.25 

C9.05 

C7.00 

8.58 

6.28 



Dis- 
charge. 



Scc.-ft. 
1, 100 
198 
"35 
77 
147 
100 
254 



244 

2,300 

137 

166 



188 
82 



190 
835 
790 
407 
360 



281 

3,860 

1,170 

50 



244 
768 
760 



638 
605 
487 
114 
144 

46.2 

81 
957 
915 
863 



544 
1,210 

182 
2,370 

644 



1 Measurement made at highway bridge 3 miles below Richford. Correction made for additional drain- 
age area. 
b Estimated. 

c Stage-discharge relation affected by ice. 
d Slush ice in river may have afl'ected stage-discharge relation. 

Note.— Measurements made during 1909 and 1910 referred to gage at Richford village. Measurements 
during 1911 and subsequent years referred to gage 3 miles below Richford. 



92 



SURFACE WATEES OP VEEMOISTT. 



Twice-daily discharge, in second-feet, of Missisqiioi River near Richford, Vt.,for 1909-1915. 
(Original location at Richford village.) 





May. 


.Tune. 


July. 


August. 


September. 


Day. 


A.M. 


P.M. 


A.M. 


P.M. 


A.M. 


P.M. 


A.M. 


P.M. 


A.M. 


P.M. 


1909. 






565 
515 
465 
415 
370 


465 
465 
415 
370 
370 

465 
370 
285 
285 
210 

210 
210 


160 
120 
120 

'"'415' 

325 
285 
245 
210 
175 


175 
85 
160 
392 
305 

285 
245 
192 
192 
132 




120 
120 
120 
75 
66 

66 
66 
40 
40 
40 

30 
30 
40 
30 
20 

40 
50 
50 
40 
175 

228 
193 
108 
132 
108 

85 
160 
132 
210 

85 
80 


66 

'""ieo' 

145 

325 
285 
192 
95 
160 

50 

"'"175" 
145 
132 

95 
75 
160 

'"'145' 

50 
16 
26 
26 
175 

'"'ieo' 

620 
1.520 
1,040 


108 


2 






120 


3 






160 


4 






160 


5 






145 


g 






228 


7 






465 
370 
370 
285 

370 

285 


265 


8 






245 


9 






175 


10 






108 


\\ 






16 


12 






160 

. 285 

108 

145 

75 
108 


285 
160 
58 
132 

108 
66 




192 


13 






175 


14 






245 
245 

245 
285 
370 
730 


210 
160 

245 
175 
415 
675 
620 

515 
370 
285 
210 
228 

210 


192 


15 






175 








192 


17 






85 








108 


19 






175 
145 

210 
175 
145 
108 

175 
108 
120 

95' 

175 


175 
'210 

175 
192 
120 
132 
285 

145 
108 
145 
55 
liiO 
145 


ie' 

228 

""'132" 
95 
66 

66 
175 
160 

""i75" 


175 








108 








565 
465 
415 
325 
245 

245 


26 


22 






108 








66 


24 


790 
730 

675 
620 
565 
850 


790 
675 

620 
565 
620 
910 
790 
675 


85 


25 


145 




160 


27 


192 








1,240 


29 


160 
6 


210 
210 


1,520 




790 


31 


730 















Day. 


October. 


November. 


December. 


March. 


A.M. 


P.M. 


A.M. 


P.M. 


A.M. 


P.M. 


A.M. 


P.M. 


1909-10. 
1 


730 
910 


675 
1,310 
1,590 
1,170 

910 

675 
415 
370 

285 


325 
415 
515 
515 
515 

465 

""'376' 
675 
620 

565 
465 
465 

'"'465' 

415 
370 
465 
415 
415 

565 

730 

1,040 

1,590 

975 

910 

850 

""i,"246' 
1,240 


285 
415 
465 
465 
465 

415 
415 
415 
675 
620 

565 
415 
515 
450 
370 

325 
415 
370 
370 
370 


1,040 
730 
730 
675 

565 
515 
565 
415 


850 
790 
730 
565 
565 

465 
465 
565 
415 
395 

420 
440 
392 
400 
400 

410 
400 
375 
350 
345 

345 
330 
330 
295 
280 

310 
280 
230 
230 
275 
270 


3,300 
3,220 
3,140 
2,680 
3,220 




2 




3 




4 


1,240 
1,040 

790 
515 
370 
370 


2,760 


5 


1,960 


6 




7 


2,360 
2,840 
2,520 
1,740 

1,310 
1,170 
1,100 
1,040 
325 

790 

850 
790 
675 
790 

975 
1,660 
1,820 


2,440 


8 


2,600 


9 


2,280 


10 


1,520 


11 


325 
325 
370 
285 
325 

285 


325 
325 
285 
192 
245 

245 
285 
245 
285 
285 

285 
325 
675 
565 
465 

415 
370 
370 
325 
285 


1,310 


12 


1,100 


13 


1,040 


14 


1,040 


15 


790 


16 


730 


17 


675 


18 


4i5 
465 
285 

370 
325 
620 


560 


19 


620 


20 


675 


21 


850 


22 


790 
1,450 
1,380 

910 

975 

850 

730 

1,380 

1,240 




1,740 


23 


1,820 


24 .... 




25 


515 

415 

415 


2,760 

3,460 
3,060 
2,120 
2,040 
2,600 
2,760 


3,220 


26 


3,700 


27 




28 _ 


1,890 


29 


370 
415 
285 


2,280 


30 


2,760 


31 


2,760 















LAKE CHAMPLAIN DEAINAGE BASIN^. 



93 



Twice-daily discharge, in second-feet, of Missisquoi River near Richford, Vt., for 1909- 

1915 — Continued . 





ly. 


April. 


May. 


June. 


July. 


August. 


September. 




A.M. 


P.M. 


A.M. 


P.M. 


A.M. 


P.M. 


A.M. 


P.M. 


A.M. 


P.M. 


A.M. 


P.M. 


1910. 
1 


2,600 
2,520 
1,590 
1,450 
1,590 

1,590 
1,960 
1,520 
1,450 
1,590 

1,450 

1,310 

1,170 

975 

910 

1,040 
975 
1,040 
1,170 
1,100 

gfs 

1,310 
1,450 


2,600 
2,200 
1,380 
1,450 
1,590 

1,590 
1,820 
1,450 
1,450 
1,590 

1,310 

1,240 

1,040 

975 

975 

975 
1,170 
1,040 
1,100 

120 

910 
1,040 
1,040 


1,520 
1,170 
1,520 
2,600 
2,680 

1,960 
1,380 
1,170 
1,040 
1,450 

1,450 

1,240 

1,170 

910 

790 
620 
515 
620 
850 

790 
675 
620 
565 
675 

1,100 

1,240 

1,040 

790 

675 

675 


1,450 
1,040 
1,820 
2,760 
2,440 

1,590 
1,240 

'i,"i76" 

1,380 

1,240 

1,170 

1,040 

850 

790 

620 
565 
515 
730 
790 

620 

""626' 

565 
730 

1,170 

1,100 

910 

"'626' 
565 


675 
850 
790 
790 


790 
790 
790 
675 


228 
120 


175 
160 


85 
85 
108 
132 
192 

565 


145 
145 
95 
145 
175 

565 


85 


26 


2 


21 


3 . . . 


16 


4 


160 
245 

108 
120 
120 
120 


85 
145 

95 
31 
21 

85 




5 . - . . 


160 

132 
790 
620 
415 
370 


145 


6 


730 
1,380 
1,740 
1,740 
1,310 

1,100 

""975' 
975 
730 

515 
415 
465 

'"465" 

370 
245 
370 
415 
370 


730 
1,590 
1,740 
1,380 
1,240 

1,040 

1,040 

910 

850 
675 

""325' 
370 
465 
415 

370 
192 
325 
325 
325 


210 


7 


730 


8 


370 
228 
175 

210 

285 
245 


285 
175 
175 

210 
285 
175 


465 


9 


370 


10 . . 


285 


11 . . . . 


120 
192 
210 
245 
132 

132 


108 
132 
175 
120 

85 

66 




12 






13 


145 

108 
50 

11 
16 


120 


14 


66 


15 . ... 






11 


16 ..... 






16 


17 






11 




120 
95 
95 

120 
21 
108 


95 








19 






50 
6 

31 

11 

95 

6 


31 


20 . 


75 

108 
120 
95 






21 








26 


22 






11 


23 






43 


24 






31 




850 

730 

790 

1,240 

1,380 

1,450 


790 

675 

910 

1,100 

1,310 

1,380 


245 

75 
108 
145 
210 
192 

75 


132 

120 
95 
175 
175 
145 








26 . . 






50 
50 
95 
66 
58 


37 


27 


245 
285 
285 
370 


210 

285 
228 
285 






43 




"'i26' 

75 
6 


95 
95 
75 
43 


50 


29 


58 


30 


50 


31 


















Day. 


October. 


November. 


December. 


Day. 


October. 


November. 


December. 


A.M. 


P.M. 


A.M. 


P.M. 


A.M. 


P.M. 


A.M. 


P.M. 


A.M. 


P.M. 


A.M. 


P.M. 


1910. 
1 


50 

675 

1,040 

565 

565 

515 
850 
730 


66 

'"736" 
565 
515 

565 
790 
790 


565 

515 

620 

1,040 

1,170 

1,170 

1,170 

910 

850 

675 

620 
675 


565 

465 

620 

1,040 

1,170 


465 
370 

285 


790 
325 

285 


1910. 
16 














2 


17.... 
18.... 
19.... 
20.... 

21 ... . 

22 

23.... 


285 
285 
228 
285 

228 
228 


285 
245 
245 
370 

6 
228 










3 










4 










5 














6 






370 
325 

285 
465 
465 

515 

""415 
415 
465 


370 
325 
465 
515 
465 

465 
565 
465 
465 
465 






7 


1,040 
850 
790 
675 

620 
565 










8 










9 






24 

25.... 

26.... 
21.... 
28.... 
29.... 
30.... 


245 
370 

790 
910 
910 
975 


245 
465 

285 
910 
975 
975 






10 


465 

515 
370 
370 
370 
325 


415 

415 
325 
370 
325 
325 










11 










12 










13 










14 














15 
























31.... 


730 


620 

















94 



SURFACE WATERS OF VERMONT. 



Twice-daily discharge, in second-feet, of Missisquoi River near Richford, Vt., for 1909- 

1915 — Continued. 



Day. 


July. 


August. 


September. 


Day. 


July. 


August. 


September. 


A.M. 


P.M. 


A.M. 


P.M. 


A.M. 


P.M. 


A.M. 


P.M. 


A.M. 


P.M. 


A.M. 


P.M. 


1911. 
1 


188 
139 
124 


188 
124 
110 


86 
74 

'"'74' 
15 

22 

97 
35 
86 
74 

35 
44 
86 
28 
53 


""""86' 
74 

22 
53 
53 

74 
44 

44 

"'""74' 
74 


154 
124 
124 
124 
97 

154 
960 
534 
302 
243 

188 
154 
434 
388 
262 


154 

""m" 

97 
97 

800 
960 

154 
302 
458 
366 
366 


1911. 
16 




10 
35 
224 

"'i54' 

124 

"'"'86' 
97 
97 

97 

""97' 

"""97' 
97 


124 
224 
188 
:06 
3>2 

224 
154 
124 
97 
97 

97 
110 
124 
110 
344 
243 


206 
224 

188 

262 
124 
124 
110 
97 

""m" 

""224' 
302 


302 
620 
344 
262 
188 

154 
124 
188 
154 
139 

302 
482 
344 
323 
344 




2 

3 

4 


17 

18 

19 

20 


97 
110 

188 


680 
302 
262 


5.. .- 


86 

86 
154 
124 
110 

74 

74 

74 

154 

8 


97 

110 

188 

""iio' 

74 

86 
74 
53 
53 
74 


188 


6 


21 




64 


7 

8 


22 

23 


154 


154 


9 

10 

11 

12 

13 

14 

15 


24 

25 

26 

27 

28 

29 

30 

31 


97 
97 

86 
86 
97 
86 
97 
97 


188 
224 

'434 
388 
344 

















Day. 


October. 


November. 


December. 


Day. 


October. 


November. 


December. 


A.M. 


P.M. 


A.M. 


P.M. 


A.M. 


P.M. 


A.M. 


P.M. 


A.M. 


.P.M. 


A.M. 


P.M. 


1911. 

1 

2 

3 


482 
388 
323 
388 
534 

1,380 
830 
482 
388 
344 

302 
262 
224 
206 
124 


482 
434 
323 
434 
960 

1,030 


534 
710 

534 
388 
344 

344 


590 

"'482' 

"'388' 

434 


2,110 
1,520 


1,800 


1911. 

16 

17 

18 

19 

20 

21 

22 

23 

24 

25 

26 

27 

28 

29 

30 

31 


206 
188 
188 
650 
1,380 

890 
590 
830 
1,100 
770 

590 
482 
434 
388 
388 
344 


206 

188 

262 

1,310 

1,240 

"'482' 

1,030 

1,030 

710 

590 

482 

""344" 


890 

650 

830 

1,450 

1,660 

1,170 
960 
800 
770 
740 

710 

630 

650 

4,590 

2,830 


"'eso' 

'i,"386' 

1,100 
890 
770 
770 


1,590 

'i,'866' 

1,950 
1,800 

1,800 
1,660 
4,190 
3,870 


'i,'666 
1 950 


4 

5 

6 

7 


1,030 
1,100 

1,100 
1,100 
1,100 
1,380 

2,030 
2,350 
4,350 
2,910 
1,800 


1,030 
1,100 

'i,'956 

'2,'756 

'2,' 750 
1,590 


'i,"866 
'i.'eeo 


8 

9 

10 


434 
344 

262 
302 
224 

"'iss' 


590 
890 
710 

650 

590 

1,450 

1,730 

1,380 


710 
830 
710 

'i,'666' 
1,730 
1,240 




11 

12 

13 

14 

15 


"'650' 

960 

4,510 

2,590 


2,910 
2,350 

"i,'736' 


2,670 
'i,'876 




434 



















. v: 



LAKE CHAMPLAIlSr DEAINAGE BASIN. 



95 



Twice-daily discharge, in second-feet, of Missisquoi River near Richford, Vt., for 1909- 

1915 — Continued. 





April. 


May. 


June. 


July. 


August. 


September. 


Day. 


A.M. 


P.M. 


A.M. 


P.M. 


A.M. 


P.M. 


A.M. 


P.M. 


A.M. 


P.M. 


A.M. 


P.M. 


1912. 
1 






1,090 








108 
18 
30 
84 
63 

63 
84 
63 
45 
45 

54 
108 
84 


84 
9 
45 

"■74" 

■""63" 
63 
45 
45 

84 


45 
45 
63 
134 
148 

148 
96 
63 
54 
63 


64 
45 

"""i62" 

121 

84 






3 






880 
815 

685 

'"620" 
815 

'""560' 

950 

1,380 

1,020 

"i,"546' 






264 
193 
162 


264 


3 


1,090 




815 
718 
590 

660 
750 
685 
620 
750 

815 
560 


4,580 
3,540 
2,730 

1,700 
2,030 
1,620 
1,160 
950 

1,160 
950 
950 
750 
620 

500 
500 
420 
326 
304 

284 
264 
210 
162 
193 

227 
227 
210 
193 


4,010 

1,160 
1,860 

""m 

1,090 
""750" 

'"445" 
370 

284 
""i62' 

246 
210 
193 




4 


162 


5 


1,540 

2,460 
9,500 
11,700 


"8"900" 
9,700 
6,500 

3,820 




6 


""ns' 


560 


7 




8 




9 


54 


815 
500 

1,700 

1,940 

1.160 

750 


685 


10 


4,960 


500 


11 


2,200 


12 


3,450 
2,730 


121 

500 
347 
284 

210 
193 


264 
445 
347 
264 

193 




13 


950 


14 


4, 390 
5,800 

7,600 
8,400 

'5,'i56" 


1,310 

880 
1,240 
3,180 




15 




63 

54 
45 
38 
30 
45 

38 
63 
63 
45 
38 

45 
45 


54 

45 

""""24" 
30 

■"■"84" 
"■■"45" 




16 


6,500 
8,200 
7,300 
5,650 
4,580 


1,310 

880 

620 

2,280 

4,200 

2,910 




17 


750 


18 . . 


950 


19 


108 

84 

84 
74 
63 
45 


84 
84 

63 
63 
54 

'i,'786" 

1,460 


2,46fl 
3,180 


20 


1,620 

2,120 

'i,"546' 
1,380 
2,550 


1,460 

1,860 
1,700 

"i,"3i6" 


21 






3,920 

7, 500 
7, 300 
4,680 

3,000 
2,120 


3,630 
8,100 

2,550 




23 


1,540 

1,240 

960 

750 
530 
445 


1,380 


24 


1,090 


25 




26 


38 


1,540 




27 


1,160 
815 
1,020 
4,300 
4,770 


1,020 

'4,'776' 
4,300 
5,550 


472 


28 .... 




815 
590 

"'394' 


680 




29 • 


1,620 


i,3i6 


45 
54 
45 


54 
45 


815 


30 


445 


1,700 


1,780 


31 














■ 1 













Day. 


October. 


November. 


December. 


January. 


February. 


March. 


A.M. 


P.M. 


A.M. 


P.M. 


A.M. 


P.M. 


A.M. 


P.M. 


A.M. 


P.M. 


A.M. 


P.M. 


1912-13. 
1 


1,540 

1,380 

1,020 

750 

685 


1,460 
1,310 


750 
950 




















2 




1,360 
3,180 
2,820 
1,700 

1,380 
1,860 
















3 
















4 


815 

500 
445 
472 
394 
420 

445 


620 
560 

500 

500 

5,550 

4,580 


620 

446 
1,940 
















5 






............ 








6 
















7 


445 
500 
420 
420 

445 
500 
















8 
















9 




















10 




















11 


2,030 
1,540 
1,240 
2,030 
3,090 

2,550 




















12 




















13 




















14 


815 
560 

500 
445 
394 
347 


685 
560 

445 
445 




















15 




















16 




















17 




















18 


1,330 
1,160 




















19 




















20 


lj020 




















21 


472 


445 
394 

'3,' 276" 
4,390 


1,240 
1,380 
1,160 
















7,940 
9,810 




22 


394 

347 

2,280 

4,200 

3,360 


















23 


















24 
















6,350 




25 


880 

985 
816 
750 
590 
560 
















9,630 


26 
















11,700 

7,820 
8,730 
6,580 


27 
















9,670 


28 


2,030 

1,540 

1,020 

815 


1,780 

1,240 

950 












f 






29 


















30 


















31 













































73175°— wsp 424—17- 



96 



SURFACE WATERS OP VERMONT. 



Twice-daily discharge, in second-feet, of Missisquoi River near Richford, Vt., for 1909- 

1915 — Continued. 



Day. 


April. 


May. 


June. 


July. 


August. 


September. 


A.M. 


P.M. 


A.M. 


P.M. 


A.M. 


P.M. 


A.M. 


P.M. 


A.M. 


P.M. 


A.M. 


P.M. 


1913. 
1 






395 
372 
350 




















2 








1,020 
950 
848 
685 

500 
445 
















3 


2,460 
1,860 
3,360 


















4 
















5 




292 

258 
240 
225 
225 
225 


















6 
















7 


2,730 
2,120 
1,780 
1,380 

1,200 
1,380 


















8 . . 
















9 




880 
590 

420 
372 
275 
258 












50 
24 

54 
47 
47 
77 
35 

81 
41 
95 
61 

77 

86 
69 
750 
420 
196 

196 
95 
114 
114 

77 


47 


10 












35 


11 












61 


12 




182 
196 
182 
182 

182 
196 














41 


13 














14 


1,270 
1,380 

1,540 
1,420 
1,310 
1,200 














54 


15 












61 


16 




210 
685 
685 
372 
258 

225 












47 


*t7 














18 












61 


19 




292 
590 

445 
310 
500 

718 














61 


20 














21 


1,380 

1,160 

1,060 

950 

880 

880 












. 


47 


22 












240 


23 




157 
135 
114 

114 
182 
310 












685 


24 












330 


25 












182 


26 


















135 


27 




500 

530 

2,730 

3,500 

2,030 
















28 


620 
530 
445 














157 


29 












95 


30 
















54 


31 







































Day. 


October. 


November. 


December. 


Day. 


October. 


November. 


December. 


A.M. 


P.M. 


A M. 


P.M. 


A.M. 


P.M. 


A.M. 


P.M. 


A.M. 


P.M. 


A.M. 


P.M. 


1913. 
1 


86 
54 
310 
372 
240 

157 
114 
114 
104 
114 

95 
114 
114 
146 
135 


61 

86 

310 

"'i82' 

182 
114 
69 
135 
135 

104 
157 
86 
124 
157 


395 
330 
275 
258 
472 

372 
292 
258 
240 
146 

135 
275 
240 
225 
240 


""sio' 

275 
372 
445 

310 
240 

""182" 
157 

210 
225 

258 
258 


350 
420 
560 
985 
815 

620 
445 

1,160 
848 

1,090 

1,160 
1,780 
2, 280 


445 

350 

1,060 

915 

782 

' " "590 

1,240 

985 

1,350 

1,460 
2,160 


1913. 

16 

17 

18 

19 

20 

21 

22 

23 

24 

25 

26 

27 

28 

29 

30 

31 


114 
104 
104 
114 
124 

445 
560 
350 
210 
210 

590 
1,120 
1,060 
782 
590 
500 


135 

86 

"'"164' 
114 

590 
445 
240 
225 

950 
1,160 
848 
685 
560 
500 


196 
170 
210 
210 
1,500 

1,940 
950 
718 

1,160 

880 

685 
530 
395 
350 
350 


210 
135 
196 
275 
2,160 

1,500 






2 






3 






4 






5 






6 






7 






8 


1,270 

1.060 

815 

685 
660 
275 






9 






10 






11 






12 






13 






14 






15 






330 





























LAKE CHAMPLAIISr DEAINAGE BASIN. 



97 



Twice-daily discharge, in second-feet, of Missisquoi River near Richford, Vt., for 1909- 

1915 — Continued. 



Bay. 


April. 


May. 


June. 


July. 


August. 


September. 


A.M. 


P.M. 


A.M. 


P.M. 


A.M. 


P.M. 


A.M. 


P.M. 


A.M. 


P.M. 


A.M. 


P.M. 


1914. 
1 






2,730 
1,940 
1,780 
1,940 
2,030 

2,120 
1,940 
1,540 
1,160 
1,090 

880 
750 
650 
472 
445 

372 
350 
292 
257 
257 

225 
225 
225 
225 
210 

170 
135 
114 
135 
124 


2,370 

'i,'946" 
1,940 
2,120 

2,120 
1,780 
1,380 

'i,'626' 

815 
685 
560 
472 
420 

'"sio" 

275 
257 
240 

240 
225 

"'225' 
196 

157 
135 
114 
114 


104 
77 
135 
114 
114 

104 
86 

104 
95 
95 

86 
77 
77 
69 

77 

61 

77 
95 
86 
86 

86 
61 
77 
104 
86 

77 
77 
69 
86 
104 


95 
95 
114 
114 
95 

95 
95 
86 

86 

77 

'""ei" 

69 

61 

77 
104 
95 

77 
61 
61 
95 

77 

77 
....... 

86 
114 


135 
170 
210 
240 
182 

135 
114 
350 
395 
240 

146 
114 
95 

86 
77 

69 
61 
95 
135 
114 

95 
69 
47 
61 
61 

47 
54 
64 
61 
47 
47 


146 
182 
257 

""m 

135 
135 
420 
330 
196 

"'ii4' 

86 
77 
69 

61 
61 

"'nl' 

95 

77 
69 
47 
69 

54 
61 
69 
61 
54 
61 






395 
500 
445 
620 
560 

500 
560 
620 
652 
500 

395 
275 
210 
157 

182 

157 
135 
135 
95 
61 

47 
47 
41 
35 
95 

95 
135 
240 
257 
210 


310 


2 






95 
77 
61 
61 

47 
61 
95 
61 

77 

77 
95 
77 
61 
61 

47 
35 
54 
69 

77 

77 
135 
95 
86 
61 

54 
35 
35 
30 
310 
950 


77 
77 
61 

77 

61 

61 

....... 

77 

95 
95 
69 
61 

41 
47 
54 

77 
86 

95 

"""95" 

77 
77 

54 
47 
35 

"'560' 
685 


445 


3 


2,370 
1,700 
1,460 

1,240 
1,090 
815 
2,910 
2,640 

2,730 
3,270 
2,120 
1,780 
1,380 

1,780 
2,200 
3,000 
4,680 
8,550 

9,050 
6,650 
4,000 
2,640 
2,730 

2,460 
2,820 
2,910 
3,540 
4,280 


2,030 

"i,'466" 

1,240 
950 
1,020 
2,820 
2,640 

'3^666" 
2,120 
1,620 
1,700 

1,940 
2,640 

'5,'850" 
9,750 

7,750 
5,850 
3,450 
2,910 

2,550 
3,000 
3,360 
4,000 
3,540 


500 


4 


560 


5 


500 


6 

7 


500 
620 


8 


620 


9 


590 


10 


445 


11 


350 


12 




13 


210 


14 


157 


15 


157 


16 


135 


17 




18 


114 


19 




20 


61 


21.... 


47 


22 


41 


23 


35 


24 


61 


25 


104 


26 




27 


182 


28 


275 


29 


24o 


30. ... 


196 


31 























Day. 


October. 


November. 


December. 


January. 


February. 


March. 


A.M. 


P.M. 


A.M. 


P.M. 


A.M. 


P.M. 


A.M. 


P.M. 


A.M. 


P.M. 


A.M. 


P.M. 


1914-15. 
1 


170 
146 
114 

86 
69 

104 
114 
104 

86 
95 

86 
69 
69 
86 

77 

372 

848 

985 

1,200 

1,060 

848 
330 
275 
225 
196 

182 
225 
210 
196 
210 
372 


157 
146 

'"'69' 
86 

124 
114 
104 
86 

77 
69 
77 
69 
170 

530 


330 
258 
330 
330 

298 

330 
530 
660 
630 
472 

420 
330 
258 
225 
258 


298 
298 
372 
330 
275 

395 

"'536' 
472 
420 

372 
298 

258 


782 
1,240 
1,990 
1,540 

950 

685 
445 
445 
500 
560 

880 
1,020 


985 
1,620 
1,780 
1,380 










2,460 
1,880 
1,640 
1,480 
1,120 

930 
810 
690 
635 
608 

580 
500 
475 
380 
340 

340 
260 
300 
300 
380 

475 
580 
635 
870 
1,400 

2,280 
2,080 
1,720 
1,050 
635 
425 


2,120 


2 










1,800 


3 










1,640 


4 










1,440 


5 










1,020 


6 


620 
395 

445 
445 
685 

1,020 












7 










780 


8 










690 


9 










635 


10 




■ ' 






580 


11 










625 


12 










475 


13 














14 














380 


15 


298 














300 


16 














300 


17 


















260 


18 


1,060 

1,120 

985 

590 
258 
275 

"'ioe' 

196 
210 
196 
182 
258 


"'620' 
600 

395 
350 
310 
350 
420 


815 
620 
445 














300 


19 














360 


20 
















21...: 














475 


22 


360 
330 
350 
660 














635 


23 














690 


24 














1,050 


25 














1,800 


26 














2,200 


27 


2,960 
2,370 
1,090 

880 


2,680 
















28 














1,480 


29 


1,020 

685 














870 


30 














525 


31 














380 

























98 



SURFACE WATERS OF VERMONT. 



Twice-daily discharge, in second-feet, of Missisquoi River near Richford, Vt.,for 1909- 

1915 — Continued. 



Day. 


April. 


May. 


June. 


July. 


August. 


September. 


A.M. 


P.M. 


A.M. 


P.M. 


A.M. 


P.M. 


A.M. 


P.M. 


A.M. 


P.M. 


A.M. 


P.M. 


1915. 
1 


340 
475 
652 
525 
580 

690 

930 

1,260 

1,640 

2,370 

2,820 
4,450 
6,400 
5,150 
4,750 

4,170 
3,360 
1,800 
1,120 
930 

900 
750 
690 


525 
690 

""m 

690 

840 
1,120 
1,480 
1,880 

3,450 
5, 050 
5, .500 
5, 150 
4,550 

3,900 

'i,'486" 

1,050 

990 

870 
780 
780 


930 
870 
810 
750 
690 

690 
635 
652 
635 
635 

750 
608 
580 
500 
425 

380 
340 
475 
450 
635 

580 
580 
635 
525 
425 

340 
635 
580 
500 
425 
380 


'"870" 
780 
690 
720 

652 
635 

'"'608" 
652 

720 
580 
525 
475 

360 
380 
475 
475 
608 

608 

"'475' 
402 

425 
635 
552 

"'425' 
360 


320 
300 
260 
225 
192 

162 
148 
135 
192 
192 

192 
242 
192 

162 
260 

425 
425 
360 
320 
260 

225 
208 
192 
162 
162 

148 
135 

98 

87 
87 


320 
280 
260 
225 


66 
66 
110 
95 


66 
87 
102 

"""66" 

87 

87 

162 

990 

402 
260 
208 
192 
155 

122 

"'966' 
572 
380 

280 
242 

148 
148 
122 
380 
525 


192 
148 
122 
122 
98 

98 
98 
46 
87 
320 

380 
225 
148 
225 
280 

225 
208 
260 
280 
148 

122 

98 

87 

300 

260 

208 
225 
177 
177 
98 
12 


177 
148 
135 

87 

""iio" 

148 
340 

"'iis' 
""306' 

177 
192 
280 

208 

"""iio" 
122 

340 

208 

'"26s' 

""148" 
110 
135 


87 
87 
76 
87 
87 

76 
12 
12 
12 
37 

110 

76 
76 
20 
12 


110 


2 

3 


37 


4 




5 


12 


6 . .. 


162 
135 
162 
192 
192 

208 

"'i77' 
192 
340 

450 
380 
340 

"'260' 

225 
192 
192 

177 
148 

"'m' 

98 
98 
76 


66 
98 
110 
690 
1,260 

"'366' 
242 
208 
162 

148 
110 
475 
720 
425 

340 
280 
225 
192 
162 

110 
148 
135 
162 
662 
340 


87 


7 


46 


8 


75 


9 


87 


10 


110 


11 




12 

13 


66 
70 


14 .. 


46 


15 


66 


16 




17 


110 
12 

12 
66 

66 
225 
260 
162 
110 

87 
340 
690 
340 
208 


98 


IS 




19 




20 .. 




21 


192 


22 


225 


23 


208 


24 


177 


25 


1,190 

2,120 
1,960 
1,480 
1,190 
1,120 


1,560 

2,280 
1,800 
1,400 
1,330 
1,050 




26 


162 


27 


525 


28 


525 


29 


225 


30 


177 


31 



















Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Missisquoi River near Richford, Vt.,for the years ending 

Sept. 30, 1915-16. 

[Automatic gage.] 



Day. 


Aug. 


Sept. 


Day. 


Aug. 


Sept. 


Day. 


Aug. 


Sept. 


1915. 
1 


226 
176 
126 
132 
115 

101 
84 
64 
118 
350 


98 
70 
70 
70 

54 

72 
49 
51 
56 
62 


1915. 
11 


379 
246 
148 
254 
331 

226 
219 
336 
296 
179 


101 

88 
81 
51 
58 

44 
66 
51 
36 
62 


1915. 
21 


136 
101 
112 
398 
292 

279 
246 
223 
142 
139 
86 


79 


2 


12 


22 


262 


3 


13 


23 


266 


4 


14 


24 


193 


5 


15 


25 


132 


6 


16 


26 


120 


7 


17 


27 


403 


8 


18 


28 


700 


9 


19 


29 


429 


10 


20 


30. . 


274 






31 











LAKE CHAMPLAIN DRAINAGE BASIN. 



99 



Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Missisquoi River near Richford, Vt.,for the years ending 
Sept. 30, 1915-16— Coniimied. 



Day. 



Oct. 


Nov. 


Dec. 


Jan. 


Feb. 


Mar. 


Apr. 


May. 


June. 


July. 


223 


900 


1,110 


605 


3,330 


900 


7,460 


1,270 


1,350 


605 


186 


726 


935 


605 


2,730 


765 


6,230 


1,270 


900 


476 


152 


700 


791 


545 


2,330 


515 


5,510 


1,190 


900 


900 


155 


758 


706 


515 


1,960 


408 


4,070 


1,430 


1,350 


2,180 


545 


674 


599 


545 


1,780 


408 


2,380 


1,430 


2,100 


1,740 


1,190 


617 


545 


1,230 


1,510 


408 


1,960 


1,110 


1,820 


1,080 


739 


551 


488 


1,470 


1,270 


408 


2,230 


970 


1,600 


772 


476 


498 


434 


1,150 


1,110 


408 


2,000 


900 


1,270 


732 


341 


510 


379 


830 


970 


384 


2,180 


830 


1,110 


900 


250 


599 


341 


668 


935 


408 


1,870 


732 


1,510 


618 


230 


551 


292 


575 


900 


408 


1,960 


935 


1,780 


408 


226 


504 


250 


488 


830 


359 


2,430 


1,040 


1,350 


515 


186 


587 


230 


488 


732 


313 


2,430 


810 


1,190 


408 


162 


515 


212 


515 


668 


292 


2,630 


700 


1,110 


635 


179 


798 


193 


408 


635 


292 


2,330 


575 


830 


313 


168 


1,230 


193 


408 


515 


292 


2,230 


527 


706 


254 


145 


970 


212 


384 


515 


230 


2,830 


1,270 


830 


270 


158 


765 


488 


336 


460 


212 


4,070 


3,850 


1,230 


354 


200 


687 


935 


359 


434 


212 


4,620 


4,070 


2, 630 


313 


450 


1,390 


765 


359 


384 


193 


3,630 


2,530 


1,780 


292 


569 


1,920 


545 


359 


292 


193 


2,630 


1,560 


1,350 


292 


720 


1,560 


408 


1,040 


270 


193 


2,480 


1,230 


1,000 


322 


493 


1,150 


336 


1,870 


250 


193 


3,430 


1,040 


804 


413 


369 


900 


336 


1,430 


250 


193 


4,070 


900 


713 


557 


296 


746 


336 


1,040 


313 


193 


3,330 


778 


642 


359 


313 


642 


1,920 


1,040 


605 


212 


2,630 


668 


700 


274 


408 


648 


2,180 


1,870 


1,230 


545 


2,100 


581 


460 


246 


460 


900 


1,820 


5,060 


1,350 


1,870 


1,740 


527 


563 


434 


545 
830 


1,080 
1,390 


1,270 
900 


4,180 
2,430 


1,110 


4,180 
5,870 


1,510 
1,350 


504 
970 


605 

772 


250 
226 


1,190 




668 


2,230 




6,950 




1,960 




212 



Aug. 



191.5-16. 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

8 . .. 

9 

10 

11 

12 

13 

14 

15 

16 

17 

18 

19 

20 

21 

22 

23 

24 

25 

26 

27 

28 

29 

30 

31 



179 
118 

98 
112 

98 

104 

96 

98 

1,110 

1.510 

713 
587 
680 
557 
398 

309 
250 
200 
186 
109 

132 
136 
126 
112 
106 

112 



126 
126 
101 



Note. — Discharge determined from fairly well-defined rating curves. Discharge given for July 29, 
Aug. 1-19, 31, Sept. 2, Nov. 7, 14, and Dec. 10-31, 1909, represents mean discharge for 24 hours determined 
from special computations based on knowledge of conditions of flow. Stage-discharge relation affected by 
ice at various times during the following periods: Jan. 1 to Feb. 28, 1910; Dec. 30, 1911, to Apr. 2, 1912; 
Dec. 8, 1912, to Mar. 20, 1913; Dec. 14, 1913^ to Apr. 2, 1914: Dec. 13, 1914, to Feb. 28, 1915; Nov. 12-19, Dec. 1, 
1915; Dec. 6, 1915, to Apr. 1, 1916. Determination of daily discharge during the winter of 1915-16 by means 
of gage heights, discharge measurements, observer's notes, and weather records. 



100 



SURFACE WATEES OF VERMONT. 



Monthly discharge of Missisquoi River near Richford, Vt., for the years ending Sept. SO, 

1909-1916. 

[Drainage area, o 445 square miles.] 



Month. 



1909. 
May 22-31 . . 

June 

July 

August 

September.. 

1909-10, 

October 

November.. 
December.. 

January 

February... 

March 

April 

May 

June 

July 

August 

September. 

The year . . 

1910-11, 

October 

November.. 

July 

August 

September.. 

1911-12. 

October 

November.. 
December.. 

January 

February... 

March 

AprU 

May 



Discharge in 






second-feet. 


Run-off 








(depth in 
inches on 


Ac- 
cur- 








Per 


drainage 


acy. 


Mean. 


square 
mUe. 


area). 




716 


2.09 


0.62 


C. 


336 


.982 


1.10 


C. 


170 


.497 


.57 


D. 


86.4 


.253 


,29 


D. 


236 


.690 


.77 


C. 


493 


1.44 


1.66 


C. 


640 


1.87 


2.09 


C. 


423 


1.24 


1.43 


C. 


6 500 


1.46 


1.68 


D. 


6 345 


1.01 


1.05 


D. 


1,950 


5.70 


6.57 


C. 


1,290 


3.77 


4.21 


C. 


1,080 


3.16 


3.64 


C. 


685 


2.00 


2.23 


C. 


126 


.368 


.42 


D. 


192 


.561 


.65 


D. 


125 


.365 


.41 


D. 
C. 


656 


1.92 


26.04 


497 


1.45 


1.67 


650 


1.90 


2.12 


C. 


106 


.238 


.27 


D. 


121 


.272 


.31 


D. 


301 


.676 


.75 


C. 


524 


1.18 


1.36 


G. 


1,030 


2.31 


2.58 


B. 


1,980 


4.45 


5.13 


B. 


6 650 


1.46 


1.68 


D. 


6 250 


.562 


.61 


D. 


6 750 


1.69 


1.95 


D. 


4,320 


9.71 


10.83 


C. 


1,490 


3.35 


3.86 


B. 



Month. 



1911-12. 

June 

July 

August 

September 

The year.. 

1912-13. 

October 

November 

December 

January 

February 

March 

April 

May 

June 

July 

August 

September 

The year.. 

1913-14. 

October 

November 

December 

January 

February 

March 

April 

May 

June 

July 

August 

September 

The year.. 



Discharge in 
second-feet. 


Run-off 






(depth in 
inches on 






Mean. 


Per 
square 
mile. 


drainage 
area). 


1,310 


2.94 


3.28 


55.0 


.124 


.14 


316 


.710 


.82 


1,090 


2.45 


2.73 


1,140 


2.56 


34.97 


1,040 
1,500 


2.34 
3.37 


2.70 
3.76 


6 900 


2.02 


2.33 


61,250 


2.81 


3.24 


6 560 


1.26 


1.31 


62,910 


6.54 


7.54 


1,600 


3.60 


4.02 


676 


1.29 


1.49 


457 


1.03 


1.15 


225 


.506 


.58 


110 


.247 


.28 


119 


.267 


.30 


941 


2.11 


28.70 


300 


.674 


.78 


485 


1.09 


1.22 


6 550 


1.24 


1.43 


6 225 


.506 


.58 


6 180 


.404 


.42 


61,000 


2.25 


2.59 


3,000 

787 


6.74 
1.77 


7.52 
2.04 


86.6 


.195 


.22 


123 


.276 


.32 


107 


.240 


.28 


273 


.613 


.68 


692 


1.33 


18.08 



Ac- 
cur- 
acy. 



a 342 square miles from May 22, 1909, to June 26, 1911. 

6 Estimated wholly or in part by comparison with records of streams in adjacent drainage basins. 



LAKE CHAMPLAIN DEAIiSTAGE BASIN. 



101 



Monthly discharge of Missisquoi River near Richford, Vt., for the years ending Sept. 30, 

1909-1916— Continued. 



Month. 



October 

November . 
December. . 

January 

February . . 

March 

April 

May 

June , 

July 

August 

September . 



1914-15. 



The year. 



October 

November . 
December. . 

January 

February . . 

March 

April 



1915-16. 



June 

July 

August 

September . 



The year. 



Discharge ia second-feet. 



Maximum. 



398 
700 



1,190 
1, 920 
2,180 
5,060 
3,330 
6,950 
7,460 
4,070 
2,630 
2,180 
1,510 



7,460 



Minimum. 



145 
498 
193 
336 
250 
193 
1,350 
504 
460 
212 



Mean. 



293 

606 

450 

o550 

o700 

897 

1,890 

576 

213 

285 

202 

138 



564 



405 

849 

672 

1,130 

1,020 

916 

3,010 

1,230 

1,170 

561 

283 

O220 



951 



Per 
square 
mile. 



0.658 
1.36 
1.01 
1.24 
1.57 
2.02 
4.25 
1.29 
.479 
.640 
.454 
.310 



1.27 



.910 
1.91 
1.51 
2.54 
2.29 
2.06 
6.76 
2.76 
2.63 
1.26 
.636 
.494 



2.14 



Run-off 
(depth in 
Inches on 
drainage 
area). 



0.76 

1.52 

1.16 

1.43 

1.64 

2.33 

4.74 

1.49 

.53 

.74 

.52 

.35 



17.21 



1.05 
2.13 
1.74 
2.93 
2.47 
2.38 
7.54 
3.18 
2.93 
1.45 
.73 
.55 



29.08 



Accu- 
racy. 



a Estimated wholly or in part by comparison with records of streams in adjacent drainage basins. 



MISSISQUOI RIVER AT SW ANTON. VT. 

Location. — At the steel highway bridge on the road from Swanton to St. Albans, 
about three-eighths mile from East Swanton railway station and 9 miles above 
mouth of river. 

Drainage area. — 850 square miles. 

Records available. — March 30 to September 30, 1903. 

Gage. — Chain on highway bridge; -read twice daily by O. A. Skeels. 

Discharge measurements. — ^Made from bridge. 

Channel and control. — Channel of ledge rock partly covered with sand and alluvium. 
Control at the dam at Swanton. 

Extremes of stage. — Maximum stage recorded March 30 to September 30, 1903, 39.0 
feet at 7.15 a. m. April 4; minimum stage, 28.0 feet at 5 p. m. September 26. 

Regulation. — The operation of power plants above the station affected the distri- 
bution of flow at low stages. 

Accuracy. — Stage-discharge relation affected by operation of gates at Swanton dam. 
Data insufficient for determination of daily discharge. 

Discharge measurements of Missisquoi River at Swanton, Vt., during 1903. 



Date. 


Made by— 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Date. 


Made by— 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Mar. 30 


H. K. Barrows 


Feet. 
35.00 
34.90 
33.85 
33.75 


Sec.-ft. 

3,240 

3,400 

1,220 

695 


May 7 
14 
28 


H. K. Barrows 


Feet. 
33.08 
32.05 
29.00 


Sec.-ft. 
410 


Apr. 11 

22 

May 1 


A. D. Butterfleld 

do 

H. K. Barrows 


do 

do 


400 
270 







lOS SURFACE WATEES OF VEEMON"T. 

Daily gage height, in feet, of Missisquoi River at Swanton, Vt.,for 1903. 



Day. 


Mar. 


Apr. 


May. 


June. 


July. 


Aug. 


Sept. 


1 




34.65 
34.75 
34.60 
38.80 
37.20 

35.95 
35.45 
36.35 
35.70 
35.30 

35.05 
34.80 
34.50 
34.40 
34.25 

34.35 
34.55 
34.35 
34.20 
34.00 

33.90 
33.90 
33.85 
33.85 
33.75 

33.80 
33.70 
33.65 
33.75 
33.75 


33.75 
33.75 
33.75 
33.70 

" '33." 66" 
33.40 
33.12 
33.22 

33.05 
33.08 
32.62 
32.22 
31.48 

30.78 
30.82 
30.40 
29.92 
29.80 

29.62 
29.42 
29.08 
29.42 
29.35 

28.95 
28.90 
29.02 
28.92 
28.82 
29.30 


28.75 
28.78 
28.95 
29.10 
29.00 

28.88 
28.75 
28.72 
28.38 
28.30 

28.45 
28.62 
28.88 
29.35 
29.92 

29.95 
29.55 
29.22 
29.12 
29.18 

29.30 
31. 1,8 
33.95 
33.48 
32.62 

31.82 
30.62 
30.10 

29.65 
29.85 


29.65 
29.35 
29.48 
30.60 
31.50 

31.45 
30.50 

29.98 
29.60 
29.38 

29.35 
28.98 
28.75 
28.68 
29.05 

29.30 
29.32 
29.05 
30.50 
30.70 

30.40 

29.48 
29.22 
29.58 
32.25 

34.85 
34.70 
34.00 
33.60 
33.50 
34.38 


33.85 
33.60 
33.20 
32. 78 
32.20 

31.35 
30.92 
30.40 
30.60 
29.95 

30.40 
32.55 
34.02 
33.55 
33.30 

33.08 
32.40 
31.95 
30.48 
31.42 

34.25 
33.85 
33.75 
33.50 
33.00 

32.82 
32.78 
32.65 
32.15 
31.88 
31.55 


30.28 


2 




29.65 


3 . 




29.32 


4 




29.45 


5. 




29.35 


6... 




28.90 


7 




28.72 


8 . 




28.65 


9 




28.85 


10 




28.78 


1] 




28.85 


12 




28.78 


13 




28.78 


14 




28. 90 


15 




28.80 


16 




28.75 


17 




28.72 


18 




28.60 


19 




28.45 


20 




28.35 


2i 




28.38 


22 




28.35 


23.. 




28.30 


24 




28.25 


25 




28.18 


23 




28.10 


27 




28.40 


28 




28. 60 


29 




28.45 


30 


35. 00 
34.05 


28.42 


31 









ST. FRANCIS RIVER BASIN. 
GENERAL FEATURES. 

St. Francis River rises in Lake St. Francis, in the district of Beauce, 
in the southeastern part of the Province of Quebec, flows south- 
westward about 100 miles, then turns to the northwest at almost 
right angles in the district of Sherbrooke, and joins St. Lawrence 
River in Lake St. Peter. Lake Memphremagog, which crosses the 
international boundary into Vermont, is tributary to St. Francis 
River near the bend through Magog River. The principal tribu- 
taries of Lake Memphremagog in Vermont are Clyde, Barton, and 
Black rivers. 

Clyde River rises in a lake region near Island Pond, in the north- 
eastern part of Vermont, and flows in a general northwesterly direc- 
tion to Newport, where it enters Lake Memphremagog. The basin 
is somewhat broken with hills and low mountains. 

Although its drainage area is smaller than that of some other 
rivers in Vermont, it affords good opportunities for development. 
The area contains many natural ponds, and it is possible to create 
considerable additional storage which should make the flow of this 
river very uniform. 



ST. FEANCIS RIVER BASIN. 



103 



GAGING- STATION RECORDS. 



CLYDE RIVER AT WEST DERBY, VT. 

Location. — ^Just below the plant of the Newport Electric Light Co., at West Derby; 
about a mile above mouth of river. 

Drainage area. — 150 square miles (measured on post-route map of Vermont, edition 
of 1915). 

Records available. — May 25, 1909, to September 30, 1916. 

Gages. — Chain gage; read twice daily by E. C. Rogers. Barrett & Lawrence water- 
stage recorder installed September 21, 1915, in gage house on right bank (PI. XIV, 
A, p. Ill); referred to datum of chain gage. 

Discharge measurements. — Made by wading near gage or from highway bridge 
half a mile downstream. 

Channel and control. — Stream bed rough and irregular; covered with boulders 
and rock ledge. Fall of river rapid for some distance below the gage. 

Extremes of discharge. — 1909-1916: High water of March 25-30, 1913, reached 
maximum stage of 5.8 feet, as determined by engineers of Geological Survey 
from high-water marks (discharge approximately 6,300 second-feet); minimum 
stage, 1.60 feet at 5.45 p. m. August 25, 1913, 7.30 p. m. July 30, and 4.50 p. m. 
August 17, 1914 (discharge, 17 second-feet). 

Winter plow. — Stage-discharge relation seriously affected by ice; discharge ascer- 
tained by means of gage heights, discharge measurements, observer's notes, 
weather records, and comparison with records obtained in nearby drainage basins. 

Regulation. — The flow at ordinary stages is very fully controlled by the two dams 
at West Derby, but the operation of the power plant is such that the fluctuations 
in stage are not great. The distribution of flow is also affected by several dams 
above West Derby. Seymour Lake and several smaller ponds in the basin afford 
a large amount of natural storage but there has been little if any artificial regula- 
tion at these ponds. A study of the discharge records indicates that an additional 
storage of 180,000,000 cubic feet might be required to insure a continuous flow 
of 75 second-feet or 0.5 second-foot per square mile at West Derby for 90 per cent 
of the time during a year of extremely low flow; a storage of 25,000,000 cubic feet 
would probably insure this rate of flow for 90 per cent of the time during the 
average year. 

Accuracy. — A comparative study of records obtained by the water-stage recorder and 
by the chain gage records subsequent to the installation of the recorder indicates 
that the results obtained by reading the chain gage twice daily are fairly good. 

Discharge measurevierds of Clyde River at West Derby, Vt., during 1909-1916. 



Date. 



1909. 
May 26 
June 30 
July 24 
Oct. 29 

1910. 
Mar. 25 
Apr. 18 
20 
July 12 
Aug. 18 

1911. 

June 24 

25 

Aug. 3 

3 

3 

Oct. 27 

1912. 
Aug. 26 



Made by— 



M.Wood. 

..do 

..do 

..do 



T. W. Norcross. 

....do..., 

....do 

G.M.Brett 

do 



G. H.Canfleld. 

....do 

do 

C.C. Covert.... 

do 

do 



J. G. Mathers. 



Gage 
height. 



Feet. 
2.80 
2.06 
1.92 
2.12 



2.95 
2.82 
2.78 
2.01 
1.86 

2.17 
2.13 
1.90 
1.92 
1.88 
2.26 



Dis- 
charge. 



Sec.-ft. 

370 

102 

74 

1&2 



479 
495 
459 
114 
45.3 

125 
117 

78 

82 

72 
165 

134 



Date. 



1913. 

Mar. 4 

Apr. 1 

23 

Sept. 9 

9 

1914. 
Nov. 19 
19 

1915. 
Apr. 25 
Sept. 21 
22 
Nov. 18 
Dec. 17 

1916. 
Jan. 14 
Feb. 11 
Mar. 24 
Oct. 4 
4 



Made by — 



C.S. DeGolyer. 
R. S. Barnes... 

do 

G. H.Canfleld. 
do 



C. S. DeGolyer. 
do 



R.S.Barnes. 
G. F. Adams. 

do 

do 

R. S. Barnes. 



R. S. Barnes 

do 

do 

Hardin Thweatt . 
do 



height. 



Feet. 
2.21 

3.85 
2.98 
1.83 
1.87 

2.02 
2.02 

2.74 
1.95 
1.94 
2.27 
o2. 12 

a 2. 44 
2.65 

o2. 18 
2.53 
2.53 



Dis- 
charge. 



Sec.-ft. 

130 

1,380 

481 

47.4 

52 

83 
81 

342 

76 

80 
158 

90 

178 
291 
120 
254 

247 



a Stage-discharge relation affected by ice. 



104 



SURFACE WATERS OP VERMONT. 



Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Clyde River at West Derby, Vt.,for the years ending Sept. 

30, 1909-1916. 



Day. 


May. 


June. 


July. 


Aug. 


Sept. 


Day. 


May. 


June. 


July. 


Aug. 


Sept. 


1909. 
1 




275 
267 
255 
235 
228 

218 
200 
185 
185 
194 

176 
155 
155 
164 
155 


102 
115 
120 
115 
102 

110 
128 
128 
120 
110 

102 
86 
90 
80 
70 


39 

44 
44 
52 
39 

36 
23 
33 
36 
30 

23 
44 
36 
30 
33 


52 
49 
56 
62 
49 

49 
49 
44 
49 
56 

56 
61 
61 
61 
66 


1909. 
16 




146 
170 
170 
176 
176 

176 
185 
176 
164 
155 

128 
128 
115 
102 
95 


86 
86 
80 
70 
80 

70 
80 
74 
80 
70 

61 
49 
39 
44 
44 
49 


26 
21 
23 
49 

44 

49 
49 
44 
36 
36 

49 
52 
52 
52 

52 
52 


66 


2 




17 




66 


3 




IS 




56 


4 




19 




56 






20 




61 


6 




21 




52 


7 




22 




56 


S .. . 




23 




61 


9 




24 




66 


10 . . 




25 

26 

27 

28 

29 

30 

31 


375 

364 
320 
320 
311 

284 
275 


66 


11 




66 


12 . . . 




80 


13 




115 


14 . . 




155 


15 




200 









Day. 



1909-10. 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

8 

9 

10 

11 

12 

13 

14 

15 

16 

17 

18 

19 

20 

21 

22 

23 

24 

25 

26 

27 

28 

29 

30 

31 



Oct. 


Nov. 


Dec. 


Jan. 


Feb. 


Mar. 


Apr. 


May. 


June. 


July. 


Aug. 


235 


115 


185 


80 


302 


320 


928 


3.53 


470 


170 


78 


284 


120 


176 


80 


284 


387 


980 


364 


449 


167 


74 


311 


115 


176 


80 


259 


423 


1.090 


375 


429 


155 


70 


298 


115 


164 


80 


255 


470 


1,040 


477 


423 


140 


74 


275 


115 


170 


70 


239 


470 


928 


477 


405 


135 


74 


255 


120 


146 


70 


235 


477 


875 


470 


387 


110 


92 


243 


128 


140 


70 


214 


505 


875 


463 


387 


112 


92 


218 


135 


146 


70 


150 


545 


1,090 


429 


381 


110 


90 


194 


128 


135 


90 


100 


505 


1,320 


423 


387 


100 


88 


170 


140 


135 


90 


100 


449 


1.260 


411 


399 


100 


88 


155 


140 


128 


90 


90 


429 


11,130 


387 


387 


100 


86 


135 


135 


128 


r,. 


90 


399 


a 992 


370 


387 


96 


86 


128 


120 


115 


i/0 


90 


' 381 


o859 


342 


370 


96 


74 


115 


120 


128 


80 


80 


348 


725 


316 


331 


100 


72 


110 


128 


115 


80 


80 


311 


630 


293 


311 


95 


63 


95 


110 


120 


70 


80 


298 


545 


275 


293 


88 


59 


102 


128 


115 


70 


80 


275 


498 


255 


267 


82 


54 


95 


110 


120 


90 


75 


267 


429 


243 


239 


74 


61 


95 


115 


120 


100 


75 


259 


387 


243 


232 


74 


68 


90 


110 


95 


150 


75 


255 


370 


239 


214 


72 


63 


102 


110 


110 


200 


70 


275 


353 


239 


204 


74 


63 


102 


115 


115 


298 


70 


275 


353 


259 


204 


74 


63 


102 


128 


115 


375 


70 


293 


387 


267 


214 


78 


59 


115 


140 


110 


348 


70 


370 


381 


251 


197 


74 


64 


120 


164 


115 


331 


7: 


505 


364 


267 


188 


72 


52 


120 


164 


110 


353 


75 


630 


353 


381 


182 


72 


49 


135 


176 


90 


348 


100 


725 


353 


387 


185 


70 


49 


140 


185 


90 


342 


200 


775 


342 


498 


228 


82 


46 


135 


194 


90 


316 




775 


326 


545 


214 


72 


46 


120 


194 


90 


320 




775 


353 


505 


185 


80 


42 


120 




90 


311 




775 




470 




78 


42 



Sept. 



42 
39 
44 
46 
46 

66 
70 
68 
70 
82 

82 
78 
74 
74 
66 

59 
59 
50 
52 
49 

50 
44 
44 
42 
50 

44 
44 
52 
50 
49 



o Discharge interpolated. 



ST. FEANCIS EIVER BASIN. 



105 



Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Clyde River at West Derby, Vt.,for the years ending Sept. 
30, 1909-1916— Conthmed. 



Day. 


Oct. 


Nov. 


Dec. 


Jan. 


Feb. 


Mar. 


Apr. 


May. 


June. 


July. 


Aug. 


Sept. 


1910-11. 
1 


52 
50 
56 
66 

82 

90 

88 
88 
86 
72 

63 
63 
66 
66 
63 

59 
61 
59 
56 
56 

56 
56 
54 
54 
59 

86 
88 
86 
90 
86 
88 

128 
120 
118 
125 
115 

110 
130 
146 
158 
170 

135 
132 
115 
110 
92 

82 
90 
92 
112 
115 

118 
128 
176 
164 
164 

170 
170 
146 
140 
125 
128 


95 
100 
125 
128 
164 

170 
176 
176 
173 
167 

155 
138 
125 
128 
118 

112 
102 
90 
82 
86 

82 
80 
72 
70 
80 

74 
74 
74 

78 
78 

120 
118 
110 
100 
90 

90 
100 
110 
105 
125 

120 
118 
158 
158 
182 

185 
170 
182 
185 
197 

176 
176 
176 
155 
164 

140 
135 
130 
218 
218 


78 
82 
78 
80 
88 

82 
95 

105 
82 

155 

182 
194 
100 
54 
63 

57 
56 
56 
55 
54 

53 

52 
52 
61 
70 

79 
88 
97 
106 
115 
115 

232 
255 
251 
235 
298 

200 
182 
194 
182 
191 

194 
185 
320 
375 
429 

470 
498 
399 
353 
302 

255 
235 
405 
423 
429 

463 
491 
423 
353 
348 
311 


115 
128 
176 
185 
311 

267 
235 
218 
204 
200 

170 
146 
155 
128 
110 

100 
100 
100 
90 
90 

90 
80 
75 
75 
75 

60 
60 
52 
56 
61 
46 


52 
a 46 
39 
52 
61 

66 
o62 
a 58 
"55 
52 

49 
52 

a 48 
44 
36 

137 

a 38 

39 

46 

a 46 

o45 

a 45 

o44 

44 

49 

69 
66 
49 


56 
58 

61 
a 58 

56 

52 

44 

49 

a 52 

54 

a 56 
59 
72 
63 
66 

52 
52 
61 
63 
59 

63 
61 
66 
61 
61 

63 
80 
120 
152 
182 
204 


200 
194 
194 
194 
197 

207 
284 
320 
405 
429 

435 
477 
545 
725 
928 

1,140 

1,200 

1,090 

980 

875 

825 
775 
775 
775 
725 

773 

875 

980 

1,200 

1,320 

235 
259 
275 

284 
280 

331 

675 
1,140 
1,260 
1,200 

1,040 
928 

875 
825 
928 

1,090 
1,520 
1,910 
1,830 
1,520 

1,260 
1,090 
1,140 
1,320 
1,320 

1,200 

1,040 

980 

875 

775 


1,450 
1,620 
1,600 
1.450 
1,200 

1,040 
875 
775 
725 
675 

585 
405 
477 
423 
411 

387 
348 
311 
280 
255 

239 
214 
207 
207 
197 

185 
185 
176 
176 
164 
146 

725 
675 
545 
• 505 
505 

491 
449 
429 
423 
423 

387 
375 
370 
387 
411 

442 
498 
442 
442 
423 

449 
429 
435 
411 
429 

405 
364 
331 
353 
435 
585 


138 
128 
138 
138 
135 

128 
125 
105 
100 
105 

105 
135 
115 
120 
128 

140 
143 
143 
155 
176 

165 
140 
135 
128 
125 

120 
115 
95 
92 
90 

775 

875 
875 
825 
775 

725 
725 
585 
545 
498 

463 
423 
381 
364 
331 

331 

311 
280 
271 
259 

251 
221 
218 
197 
185 

194 
176 
176 
158 
146 


86 
80 
56 
74 
68 

78 
63 
59 
59 
56 

70 
66 
59 
44 
56 

61 
66 
78 
56 
59 

66 
56 
56 
52 
44 

52 
64 
57 
66 
72 
74 

146 
135 
130 
120 
112 

118 
110 
102 
102 
95 

100 
95 
100 

88 
82 

80 
76 
63 
66 
61 

70 
82 
74 
70 
74 

74 
65 
74 
80 
66 
82 


86 
86 
68 
59 
59 

56 
44 
39 
39 
32 

36 
32 
30 
35 

44 

68 
59 
52 
49 
56 

54 
54 
52 
42 
60 

66 
49 
52 
49 
50 
49 

72 
74 
78 
88 
86 

78 
86 
95 
100 
92 

90 
130 
128 
140 
130 

140 
135 
125 
100 
90 

100 

84 
90 
78 
143 

152 
167 
173 
188 
185 
176 


42 


2 


46 


3 


42 


4 


39 


5., 


39 


6 


49 


7 


66 


8 


54 


9 


63 


10 


50 


11 


49 


12 


50 


13 


60 


14 


50 


15 


56 


16 


63 


17 


62 


18 


64 


19 


47 


20 


62 


21 


54 


22 


56 


23 


56 


24 


56 


25 


66 


26 


63 


27 


66 


28 


66 


29 


90 


30 


130 


31 




1911-12. 
1 


170 


2 








173 


3 








164 


4 








138 


5 








128 


6 








118 


7 








128 


8 








130 


9 








128 


10 








130 


11 








164 


12 








164 


13 








130 


14 








158 


15 








138 


16 








158 


17 








143 


18 








164 


19 








200 


20 








239 


21 








275 


22 








275 


23 








280 


24 








298 


26 








280 


26 








269 


27 








239 


28 








221 


29 








200 


30 








214 


31 


' 







a Discharge interpolated. 



106 



SUEPACE WATEES OF VEEMONT. 



Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Clyde River at West Derby, Vt.,for the years ending Sept. 
30, 1909-1916— Qontm\xed. 



Day. 



Oct. 


Nov. 


Dec. 


204 


214 


194 


207 


197 


185 


214 


188 


207 


218 


185 


221 


204 


182 


235 


200 


176 


251 


188 


188 


255 


185 


267 


251 


170 


280 


239 


188 


320 


235 


176 


342 


221 


158 


348 


218 


170 


326 


280 


158 


370 


247 


176 


370 


185 


182 


342 


173 


173 


326 


176 


176 


316 


170 


173 


302 


228 


158 


280 


235 


152 


259 


284 


143 


243 


449 


146 


239 


298 


182 


251 


280 


197 


243 


255 


207 


251 


228 


221 


235 


214 


221 


221 


204 


251 


214 


194 


243 


197 


200 


235 




197 


61 


227 


123 


68 


216 


121 


63 


193 


126 


63 


183 


K9 


67 


167 


132 


59 


157 


137 


63 


157 


140 


57 


148 


154 


36 


140 


151 


63 


140 


154 


57 


129 


157 


63 


132 


186 


63 


137 


154 


59 


132 


143 


68 


121 


140 


82 


no 


129 


91 


121 


126 


91 


98 


126 


91 


113 


123 


110 


132 


121 


132 


143 


121 


180 


154 


103 


208 


180 


100 


248 


180 


100 


248 


183 


100 


240 


170 


100 


244 


151 


100 


257 


137 


100 


248 


132 


100 


265 


123 


100 


261 




100 



Jan. 



Feb. 



Mar. 


Apr. 


May. 


June. 


July. 


Aug. 


132 


1,330 


303 


368 


96 


116 


126 


1,200 


289 


368 


91 


106 


121 


1,140 


257 


362 


87 


98 


105 


1,080 


248 


318 


89 


132 


116 


1,140 


216 


294 


87 


96 


110 


1,080 


186 


270 


87 


87 


105 


1,020 


173 


294 


82 


89 


113 


970 


201 


231 


65 


74 


110 


760 


219 


257 


70 


76 


116 


715 


193 


216 


70 


89 


121 


625 


204 


219 


87 


89 


123 


580 


180 


216 


96 


70 


121 


540 


160 


193 


121 


70 


284 


540 


157 


173 


126 


67 


493 


540 


148 


170 


126 


74 


860 


500 


154 


164 


116 


63 


1,020 


500 


154 


157 


126 


61 


810 


500 


140 


151 


116 


61 


810 


500 


157 


154 


105 


57 


760 


500 


167 


148 


110 


56 


760 


486 


170 


140 


113 


42 


1,020 


486 


183 


132 


103 


50 


1,200 


500 


183 


121 


91 


57 


1,200 


444 


201 


116 


89 


60 


1,330 


424 


219 


113 


82 


31 


1,530 


399 


231 


105 


87 


45 


2,260 


380 


231 


105 


78 


56 


2,660 


368 


257 


96 


80 


56 


2,450 


357 


318 


100 


91 


67 


2,260 


324 


340 


105 


100 


59 


1,530 




346 




110 


50 


78 


313 


1,200 


154 


89 


46 


89 


346 


1,080 


148 


98 


52 


89 


340 


970 


148 


98 


74 


103 


303 


860 


154 


96 


74 


105 


289 


860 


148 


96 


67 


113 


257 


915 


143 


96 


63 


121 


231 


970 


143 


96 


60 


132 


231 


915 


132 


98 


66 


118 


335 


915 


121 


96 


56 


121 


357 


810 


116 


89 


50 


116 


418 


760 


113 


89 


63 


105 


540 


670 


96 


82 


45 


100 


540 


625 


100 


91 


46 


100 


540 


580 


82 


89 


66 


105 


540 


500 


91 


110 


63 


113 


580 


465 


89 


96 


52 


113 


580 


424 


89 


82 


36 


126 


625 


357 


89 


98 


59 


151 


860 


276 


82 


78 


68 


140 


1,260 


275 


100 


68 


41 


143 


1,910 


248 


96 


70 


59 


148 


2,080 


219 


96 


65 


78 


140 


1,750 


362 


96 


63 


59 


126 


1,330 


405 


91 


56 


56 


129 


1,080 


313 


89 


56 


56 


137 


1,020 


244 


89 


50 


42 


170 


1,020 


227 


82 


49 


49 


208 


970 


204 


76 


52 


45 


248 


1,080 


201 


91 


57 


63 


265 


1,200 


190 


87 


39 


57 


289 




180 




50 


59 



Sept. 



1912-13. 



197 
194 
221 
259 
275 

284 
284 
326 
306 
280 

275 
280 
285 
290 
296 

300 
305 
311 
376 
436 

510 
586 
540 
491 
450 

405 
375 
346 
320 
295 
267 



100 
100 
100 
100 
100 

100 
100 
100 
91 
96 



266 
265 
260 
255 
250 

245 
240 
236 
230 
225 

220 
215 
210 
201 
148 

140 
143 
140 
126 
126 

151 
154 
143 
140 
137 

148 
137 
126 



103 
105 
116 
105 



106 
113 
103 
100 
91 



100 


90 


91- 


90 


78 


90 


78 


91 


87 


91 


89 


74 


91 


90 


78 


91 


87 


87 


82 


74 


89 


91 


100 


78 


82 


74 


106 


78 


98 


80 


82 


76 


89 


74 


96 


68 


98 




87 




100 





a. Discharge interpolated. 



ST. FEAlSrCIS EIVER BASIN". 



107 



Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Clyde River at West Derby, Vt.,for the years ending Sept. 
30, 1909-1916— Continued. 



Day. 



Oct. 


Nov. 


Dec. 


82 


63 


113 


87 


68 


129 


78 


74 


132 


78 


68 


151 


80 


74 


154 


78 


59 


160 


76 


87 


151 


70 


82 


137 


63 


89 


121 


36 


91 


110 


61 


82 


105 


67 


78 


96 


63 


82 


82 


m 


80 


78 


57 


76 


78 


70 


82 


82 


78 


80 


74 


80 


74 


78 


80 


78 


68 


87 


118 


68 


96 


129 


67 


96 


113 


65 


96 


116 


65 


89 


103 


65 


82 


105 


60 


78 


100 


60 


76 


132 


60 


70 


116 


65 


70 


110 


65 


68 


103 


70 


67 




70 


149 


110 


161 


140 


108 


167 


130 


118 


173 


122 


122 


170 


115 


120 


164 


112 


122 


149 


102 


122 


132 


115 


115 


138 


115 


108 


130 


122 


105 


122 


120 


102 


108 


108 


102 


102 


105 


102 


110 


100 


110 


102 


98 


120 


98 


95 


130 


108 


98 


132 


90 


95 


132 


88 


86 


140 


80 


92 


158 


88 


90 


164 


90 


95 


182 


108 


120 


182 


102 


138 


179 


118 


125 


170 


130 


118 


155 


176 


112 


140 


200 


102 


140 


224 


98 


161 


259 


98 


155 


320 


105 




364 



Feb. 



Mar. 


Apr. 


May. 


June. 


July. 


Aug. 


585 


102 


435 


164 


100 


232 


545 


110 


442 


152 


86 


243 


449 


118 


387 


135 


86 


218 


370 


110 


364 


125 


86 


188 


331 


118 


342 


120 


90 


170 


284 


120 


311 


108 


100 


164 


239 


143 


298 


100 


88 


155 


232 


158 


311 


100 


128 


135 


200 


207 


293 


90 


173 


128 


185 


302 


280 


95 


207 


135 


176 


381 


275 


102 


259 


135 


176 


505 


271 


110 


311 


140 


176 


675 


267 


95 


342 


146 


164 


825 


255 


102 


311 


164 


173 


875 


232 


110 


267 


138 


146 


675 


218 


112 


218 


140 


152 


545 


214 


115 


185 


135 


140 


491 


194 


125 


197 


125 


130 


429 


197 


146 


204 


125 


135 


405 


194 


176 


232 


130 


128 


364 


182 


188 


243 


138 


128 


348 


185 


194 


239 


128 


128 


342 


182 


185 


228 


115 


152 


331 


182 


176 


214 


118 


155 


381 


170 


170 


197 


125 


173 


429 


158 


140 


188 


146 


143 


435 


185 


130 


164 


149 


118 


463 


176 


115 


173 


140 


108 


498 


176 


120 


204 


138 


102 


470 


176 


102 


232 


135 


95 




179 




232 


118 


221 


645 


630 


320 


218 


132 


221 


725 


585 


320 


218 


128 


207 


775 


585 


320 


210 


125 


194 


725 


585 


399 


221 


122 


176 


630 


545 


470 


224 


118 


176 


585 


545 


491 


221 


115 


164 


545 


505 


505 


228 


115 


164 


498 


491 


545 


243 


110 


152 


449 


449 


545 


263 


284 


146 


423 


387 


545 


267 


442 


146 


429 


399 


505 


271 


449 


140 


435 


364 


470 


263 


435 


146 


442 


331 


449 


239 


375 


152 


463 


316 


449 


200 


320 


135 


463 


298 


423 


185 


267 


125 


449 


275 


399 


185 


224 


112 


505 


326 


381 


179 


188 


112 


585 


405 


375 


170 


170 


110 


775 


463 


387 


158 


155 


112 


875 


505 


381 


164 


135 


120 


875 


505 


387 


170 


125 


110 


825 


491 


375 


170 


115 


112 


825 


470 


375 


170 


105 


105 


875 


411 


364 


176 


100 


105 


875 


364 


342 


173 


92 


102 


875 


331 


326 


164 


95 


115 


875 


302 


302 


152 


90 


140 


775 


275 


275 


140 


86 


210 


775 


267 


235 


135 


90 


302 


675 


284 


218 


135 


86 


442 




320 




135 


88 



Sept. 



1914-15. 



1915-16. 



70 
70 
70 
75 
75 

90 
90 
125 
125 
150 

125 
100 
90 
90 
90 

110 
110 
125 

150 

175 

200 
150 
125 
100 
100 

90 
85 
80 
75 
75 
70 



348 
375 
336 
298 
251 

218 
194 
207 
243 
259 



80 
90 
90 

90 
90 
90 
100 
100 

100 
110 
120 
120 
120 

128 
140 
138 

158 
505 

775 
775 
725 



470 
442 
405 
387 
336 

311 

288 
271 
263 
243 



228 


239 


204 


221 


179 


210 


152 


204 


158 


218 


170 


204 


185 


188 


200 


164 


155 


155 


135 


152 


149 


155 


173 


152 


200 


155 


228 


161 


251 


170 


271 


176 


311 


188 


405 


200 


645 


210 


645 




463 





Note. — Discharge determined from two rating curves fairly well deined for periods covered. Determi- 
nations based on readings of chain gage twice a day until Sept. 20, 1915. Beginniag Sept. 21, 1915, water- 
stage recorder used. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Dec. 28, 1909. to Jan. 21, 1910; Feb. 8-28, 
Dec. 18-29, 1910; Jan. 16-27, 1911; Jan. 12 to Feb. 13, 1913; Dec. 24, 1913, to Feb. 25, 1914; Dec. 20, 1914, to 
Feb. 20, 1915; Dec. 10-24, 1915; Jan. 7-24, Feb. 2-24, 27-29, and Mar. 16-28, 1916. No records obtained 
Jan. I to Mar, 31, 1912. 



108 



SURFACE WATERS OF VERMONT. 



Monthly discharge of Clyde River at West Derby, Vt., for the years ending Sept. SO, 1909- 

1916. 

[Drainage area, 150 square miles.] 



Month. 



Discharge in second-feet. 



Maximum. 



Minimum. 



Mean. 



Per 

square 
mile. 



Run-ofl 
(depth in 
incnes on 
drainage 
area). 



May 25-31 . 

June 

July 

August 

September. 



October 

November . 
December . 
January . . . 
February . . 

March 

April 

May 

June 

July 

August 

September . 



1909-10. 



The year. 



October 

November . 
December . 
January . . . 
February . . 

March 

April 

May 

June 

July 

August 

September . 



1910-11. 



The year. 



October 

November . 
December . 

January 

February . . 

March 

April 

May 

June 

July 

August 

September. 



1911-12. 



The year. 



October 

November. 
December. . 

January 

February . . 

Marcli 

April 

May 

Juiie 

July 

August 

September . 



1912-13. 



The year. 



375 
275 
128 
52 
200 



311 

194 

185 

375 

302 

775 

1,320 

545 

470 

170 

92 

82 



1,320 



90 
176 
194 
311 

66 

204 

1,320 

1,600 

176 

86 

86 
130 



1,600 



176 

218 
498 



1,910 
725 

875 
146 
188 



251 

370 

449 

585 

266 

2,660 

1,330 

346 

368 

126 

132 

74 



2,660 



275 
95 
39 
21 
44 



321 
177 

85.2 
39.6 
67.7 



2.14 
1.18 
. 568 
.264 
.451 



90 

110 

90 

70 

70 

255 

326 

239 

182 

70 

42 

39 



159 
134 
125 
a 169 
a 131 
450 
684 
364 
305 
96.8 
66.8 
56.2 



1.06 

.893 

.833 

1.13 

.873 

3.00 

4.56 

2.43 

2.03 

.645 

.445 

.375 



39 



228 



1.52 



50 
70 
52 
46 
36 
44 
194 
146 
90 
44 
30 
39 



69.2 

113 

«86.6 
a 128 
49.2 
72.8 

668 

558 

126 
62.4 
51.2 
56.9 



.461 
.753 
.577 
.853 
.328 
.485 
4.45 
3.72 
.840 
.416 
.341 
.379 



30 



170 



1.13 



82 
90 
182 



235 
331 
146 
61 
72 
118 



130 

147 

319 

ol95 

ago 

1210 
980 
451 
418 
90. 
116 
187 



.867 
.980 
2.13 
1.30 
.600 
1.40 
6.53 
3.01 
2.79 
.601 
.773 
1.25 



1.85 



143 
176 
170 
194 
126 
105 
324 
140 
96 
65 
31 
42 



190 
262 
233 
a 334 
a 188 
799 
664 
212 
195 
96.0 
70.7 
52.9 



1.27 

1.75 

1.55 

2.23 

1.25 

5.33 

4.43 

1.41 

1.30 

.640 

.471 

.353 



275 



1.83 



0.56 
1.32 
.65 
.30 
.50 



1.22 

1.00 

.96 

1.30 

.91 

3.50 

5.09 

2.80 

2.26 

.74 

.51 

.42 



20.71 



.53 

.84 

.66 

98 

.34 

.56 

4.97 

4.29 

.94 

.48 

.39 

.42 



15.40 



1.00 
1.09 
2.46 
1.50 
.65 
1.61 
7.29 
3.47 
3.11 
.69 
.89 
1.40 



25.16 



1.46 

1.95 

1.79 

2.57 

1.30 

6.14 

4.94 

1.63 

1.45 

.74 

.54 

.39 



24.90 



a See note to daily discharge table; determinations of discharge based on observer's notes, weather 
records, and comparison witli records obtained at gaging stations in near-by drainage basins. 



ST. FEANCIS RIVER BASHST. 



109 



Monthly discharge of Clyde River at West Derby, Vt.,for the years ending Sept. 30, 1909- 

1916 — Continued . 





Discharge in second-feet. 


Run-off 
(depth in 
mches on 
drainage 
area). 




Month. 


Maximum. 


Minimum. 


Mean. 


Per 
square 
mile. 


Accu- 
racy. 


1913-14. 
October 


265 
227 
186 
105 
116 
289 
2,080 
1,200 
154 
110 
78 
82 


36 

98 

100 

78 

68 

78 

231 

180 

76 

39 

36 

36 


126 

150 
a 126 

a 92. 7 

90.1 

137 

764 

555 

108 
78.8 
56.1 
62.5 


0.840 
1.00 
.840 
.618 
.607 
.913 
5.09 
3.70 
.720 
.525 
.374 
.417 


0.97 

1.12 

.97 

.71 

.63 

1.05 

5.68 

4.27 

.80 

.61 

.43 

.47 


B. 




B. 


December 


C. 




D. 


February 


C. 




B. 


April 


B. 




A. 


June 


B. 


July 


B. 


August 


B. 


September 


B. 






The year 


2,080 


36 


196 


1.31 


17.71 








1914-15. 
October 


96 
132 
160 
200 
775 
585 
875 
442 
194 
342 
243 
132 


36 
59 
60 
70 
70 
95 
102 
158 
90 
86 
115 
70 


74.7 
90.4 

193.0 
ol05 
a 185 

207 

378 

249 

130 

193 

148 
95.3 


.498 
.603 
.620 
.700 
1.23 
1.38 
2.52 
1.66 
.867 
1.29 
.987 
.635 


.57 
.67 
.71 
.81 
1.28 
1.59 
2.81 
1.91 
.97 
1.49 
1.14 
.71 


B. 


November... . . 


B. 




C. 


January 


D. 




C. 


March 


A. 




A. 


May 


A. 




B. 


July 


B. 




B. 




B. 






The year 


875 


36 


162 


1.08 


14.66 








1915-16. 


149 
182 
364 
545 
470 
442 
875 
630 
645 
271 
449 
158 


86 
102 

80 
135 
152 
102 
423 
267 
218 
135 

86 

70 


• 110 

134 

6 147 

6 259 

6 239 

6 160 

652 

420 

396 

195 

177 

94.1 


.733 
.893 
.980 
1.73 
1.59 
1.07 
4.35 
2.80 
2.64 
1.30 
1.18 
.627 


.85 
1.00 
1.13 
1.99 
1.72 
1.23 
4.85 
3.23 
2.94 
1.50 
1.36 

.70 


A. 




A. 




C. 


January 


C. 




D. 


March 


C. 


April 


B. 




B. 




B. 


July 


B. 




B. 


September 


B 






The year 


875 


70 


248 


1.65 


22.50 









a See note to daily discharge table; determinations of discharge based on observer's notes, weather 
records, and comparison with records obtained at gaging stations in near-by drainage basins. 

b See note to daily discharge table; determinations of discharge based on gage heights, discharge measure- 
ments, observer's notes, and weather records. 



110 



SURFACE WATERS OF VERMONT. 



Daijs of deficiency in discharge of Clyde River at West Derby, Vt., during the years ending 
Sept. 30, 1910-11, and 1913-1916. 



Discharge 
in 
second- 
feet. 


Theoretical 

horsepower 

per foot 

of faU. 


Days of deficiency in discharge. 


1909-10 


1910-11 


1912-13 


1913-14 


1914-15 


1915-16 


35 
40 
45 
50 
60 

70 
80 
90 
100 
120 

140 
160 
ISO 
200 
225 

250 
300 
350 
400 
500 

600 
800 
1,000 
1,500 
2,000 
3,000 


4.0 
4.6 
5.2 
5.7 
6.8 

7.9 
9.1 
10.2 
11.4 
13.6 

15.9 
18.2 
20.4 
22.7 
25.6 

28.4 
34.1 
39.8 
45.5 
56.8 

68.2 
90.9 

114 

170 

227 

341 




3 
14 

25 

44 
128 

169 
192 
216 
230 
251 

274 
2S5 
297 
308 
317 

319 
323 
327 
328 
336 

338 
347 
354 
363 
365 


1 
1 

7 
17 
35 

46 
56 
70 
78 
101 

119 
146 
163 
188 
221 

243 
283 
304 
315 
325 

338 
343 
347 
359 
361 
365 








1 
10 
18 
31 

40 
79 
99 
124 
161 

189 
201 
211 
221 
230 

241 
266 
286 
316 
339 

344 
352 
359 
365 


4 
6 
15 

48 

77 
101 
131 
170 
219 

251 
279 
282 
291 
297 

309 
318 
324 
327 
331 

339 
343 
353 
362 
364 
365 


1 
1 

1 
4 

24 
64 
99 
125 
179 

226 
253 
276 
293 
304 

315 
325 
336 
342 
353 

358 
363 
365 












5 

20 
41 
99 

132 
162 
193 
203 
229 

239 
260 
280 
298 
329 

349 

358 
366 





















Note.— The above table gives the theoretical horsepower per foot of fall that maybe developed at different 
rates of discharge, and shows the numbsr of days on which the discharge and corresponding horsepower 
were respectively less than the amounts given in the columns for discharge and horsepower. In using 
this table, allowance should be made for the various losses, the principal ones being the wheel loss, which 
may be as large as 20 per cent, and the head loss, which may be as large as 5 per cent. 



CONNECTICUT RIVER BASIN. 

GENERAL FEATURES. 

The Connecticut River system drains the eastern part of Ver- 
mont east of the Green Mountains, from Canada on the north to 
Massachusetts on the south. Connecticut River is considered as 
rising in the Connecticut lakes in northern New Hampshire, although 
the headwaters have their source in the mountains near the inter- 
national boundary. The river flows in a southerly direction between 
New Hampshire and Vermont and across Massachusetts and Con- 
necticut into Long Island Sound . The total area drained is 11,300 
square miles, distributed as foUows : 

Square miles. 

Province of Quebec 105 

New Hampshire 3, 120 

Vermont 3, 970 

Massachusetts 2, 720 

Connecticut 1; 430 

The principal tributaries of the Connecticut in Vermont are the 
Nulhegan, Passumpsic, WeUs, Waits, Ompompanoosuc, White, 




Gj uJ Q: 

w s y 

uj o 2: 








^^ 

ai -" 
Q o 

^ o 
^ o 

< 

cr 

UJ 

> 
q: 

m 
a 
>■ 



CONNECTICUT RIVER BASIN. Ill 

Ottaqiiechee, Black, Williams, Saxons, and West rivers. Deerfield 
River enters below the State line but drains an area of 316 square 
miles in Vermont which includes important storage and power de- 
velopments. 

The region east of the Green Mountains differs essentially from 
that west of the mountains in regard to natural storage, and the Con- 
necticut River drainage basin in Vermont contains few natural ponds 
or lakes whereby the run-off may be equalized. Consequently the 
streams are somewhat flashy and a large percentage of the total run- 
off goes to waste during the early spring. The utilization of some 
storage sites has already been undertaken and the feasibihty of 
others has been investigated. (See PI. XIV, B.) 

Records of flow of the Connecticut River at Orford, N. H. (Fairlee, 

Vt.), have been obtained since 1900. The driest year during the 

period covered by these records was 1910-11, and the wettest 1901-2, 

the total flow during these two 5^ears being about in the ratio of 1 to 

1.73. 

GAGIIsTG-STATION RECORDS. 

CONNECTICUT RIVER AT ORFORD, N. H. (FAIRLEE, VT.). 

Location. — At covered highway bridge between Fairlee, Vt., and Orford, N. H., 
about 8 miles below the mouth of Waits River and 22 miles above the mouth of 
White River. 

Drainage area. — 3,100 square miles. 

Records available. — August 6, 1900, to September 30, 1916. 

Gages. — Chain on upstream side of bridge and inclined staff on left bank 25 feet 
below bridge. 

Discharge measurements. — Open- water measurements made from the bridge or 
from cable 500 feet abo->"e the bridge. 

Channel and control. — Channel wide and deep with gravelly bottom; control for 
low stages slightly shifting; at high stages the control is probably at the dam at 
Wilder. 

Extremes of discharge.— 1900-1916: Maximum stage recorded, 33.4 feet at noon 
March 28, 1913 (approximate discharge from extension of rating curve, 57,300 
second-feet); minimum discharge for 24 hours, 288 second-feet, September 28, 
1908. 

Winter flow. — Stage-discharge relation seriously affected by ice, usually from De- 
cember to March; records based on gage heights, current-meter measurements, 
obsei'ver's notes, and weather records. 

Regulation. — Distribution of flow not seriously affected by the operation of any 
power plants above the station. Some storage has been developed on reservoirs 
in the headwaters. 

Accuracy. — Several rating curves have been used, each fairly well defined for the 
period covered; results considered good. Precipitation records at St. Johnsbury, 
Vt., are given for purposes of comparison only, as it is not probable that records 
at St. Johnsbury indicate fairly the average rainfall in the upper Connecticut 
basin; the precipitation is probably considerably greater at places of higher 
altitude than along the river valley. 
73175°— wsp 424—17 8 



112 



SURFACE WATERS OP VERMONT. 



Monthly discharge of Connecticut River at Orford, N. H. {Fairlee, Vt.),for the years 
ending Sept. SO, 1900-1916. 

[Drainage area, 3,100 square miles.] 



Month. 



1900. 

August &-31 

September 

1900-1901 

October 

November 

December 

January 

February 

March 

April 

May 

June 

July 

August 

September 

The year 

1901-2. 

October 

November 

December 

January 

February 

March 

April 

May 

June 

July 

August 

September 

The year 

1902-3. 

October 

November 

December 

January 

February 

March 

April 

May 

June 

July 

August 

September 

The year 

1903-4. 

October 

November 

December 

January 

February 

March . .". 

April 

May 

June 

July 

August 

September 

The year 



Discharge in second-feet. 



Maximum. 



5,110 
2,520 



12,600 

16, 300 

6,900 

5,500 

2,600 

21,300 

32,600 

16,300 

7,600 

8,450 

6,640 

2,110 



32, 600 



5,220 

2,350 

30,400 

6,000 

8,000 

43,400 

23,200 

31,900 

17,000 

6,770 

8,300 

6,330 



43,400 



19,700 

10,100 

3,560 

3,560 

4,170 

40, 100 

22,900 

6,780 

7,740 

4,010 

3,470 

2,030 



40, 100 



2,030 

2,110 

2,800 

980 

1,220 

21,700 

22,100 

23,600 

6,260 

2,350 

4,780 

7.460 



Minimum. 



950 
815 



1,880 
1,600 
4,010 
2,400 
1,900 
1,800 
11,000 
5,550 
2,610 
1,280 
1,100 
1,100 



1,100 



Mean. 



2,270 
1,300 



4,400 
7,560 
6,170 
2,930 
2,220 
5,400 
23,200 
9,030 
5,240 
3,300 
3,690 
1,580 



6,150 



1,340 
1,280 
1,460 
2,700 
2,000 
9,770 
8,600 
4,560 
4,890 
2,520 
2,190 
2,030 



1,280 



2,350 
3,470 
2,580 
2,260 
2,720 
11,500 
5,110 
1,460 
1,100 
1,400 
1,280 
640 



640 



860 

1,050 

1,040 

650 

700 

1,160 

6,640 

6,260 

1,400 

815 

905 

1,280 



23, 600 



650 



2,250 

1,710 

6,600 

3,810 

2,810 

20,500 

13,000 

10, 600 

9,590 

4,250 

4,390 

3,430 



6,950 



4,420 
4,990 
2,930 
2,840 
3,320 
24,300 
11,100 
3,340 
3,090 
2,310 
2,120 
1,100 



6, 510 



1,300 

1,480 

1,540 

785 

830 

5,240 

12, 800 

14, 400 

3,010 

1,420 

1,980 

3,690 



4,050 



Per 
square 
mile. 



0.732 
.419 



1.42 
2.44 
1.67 
.945 
.716 
1.74 
7.48 
2.91 
1.69 
1.07 
1.19 
.510 



1. 



.726 
.552 
2.13 
1.23 
.906 
6.61 
4.19 
3.42 
3.09 
1.37 
1.42 
1.11 



2.24 



1.43 

1.61 

.945 

.916 

1.07 

7.84 

3.58 

1.08 

.997 

.745 

.684 

.355 



1.78 



.419 
.477 
.497 
.253 
.268 
1.69 
4.13 
4.65 
.971 
.458 
.639 
1.19 



1.31 



Rim-ofE 
^depth in 
inches on 
drainage 
area). 



0.71 

.47 



1.64 
2.72 
1.92 
1.09 

.75 
2.01 
8.34 
3.36 
1.89 
1.23 
1.37 

.57 



26.89 



.84 
.62 
2.46 
1.28 
1.04 
7.62 
4.68 
3.94 
3.45 
1.58 
1.64 
1.24 



30.39 



1.65 

1.80 

1.09 

1.06 

1.11 

9.04 

3.99 

1.24 

1.11 

.86 

.79 

.40 



24.14 



.48 

.53 

.57 

.29 

.29 

1.95 

4.61 

6.36 

1.08 

.53 

.74 

1.33 



17.76 



Accu- 
racy. 



Precipi- 
tation in 
inches at 
St. Johns- 
bury, Vt. 



CONNECTICUT BIVEB BASIN. 



113 



Monthly discharge of Connecticut River at Orford, N. H. (Fairlee, Vt.),for the years 
ending Sept. 30, 1900-1916 — Continued. 



Month. 



1904-5. 

October 

November 

December 

January 

February 

March 

April 

May 

June 

July 

August 

September 

The year 

1905-6. 

October 

November 

December 

January 

February 

March 

April 

May 

June 

July 

August 

September 

The year 

1906-7. 

October 

November 

December 

January 

February 

March 

April 

May 

June 

July 

August 

September... 

The year 

1907-8. 

October 

November 

December , 

January 

February , 

March 

April 

May 

June 

July 

August 

September 

The year 



Discharge in second-feet. 



Maximum. 



10, 800 

3,790 

2,110 

1,070 

760 

37, 200 

33, 200 

13, 000 

7,460 

17, 600 

7,320 

10, 400 



37,200 



3,270 

5,200 

10,200 

27, 100 

8,020 

6,600 

30, 200 

27, 600 

14, 600 

4,010 

4,010 

3,570 



30,200 



5,000 

4,670 

3,070 

3,550 

1,440 

27, 000 

32,600 

40,600 

10,100 

9,770 

6,230 

7,180 



40, 600 



18, 700 
15, 900 
26, 500 
9,320 
18, 000 
30,600 
36, 700 
35,400 
11,500 
2,310 
3,810 



36, 700 



Minimum. 



3,270 

1,750 

900 

700 

600 

560 

7,040 

4,120 

2,610 

1,530 

1,460 

2,520 



560 



1,880 
2,030 
3,070 
2,000 
2,050 
1,500 
3,000 
7,320 
3,270 
1,670 
1,050 
950 



950 



1,000 
1,530 
1,500 
1,400 
980 
1,240 
7,320 
5,320 
2,520 
2,270 
1,050 
1,340 



3,590 
3,480 
2,000 
2,350 
2,320 
2,200 
6,900 
5,200 
1,520 



Mean. 



5,550 

2,570 

1,210 

868 

681 

7,110 

13, 400 

8,400 

4,180 

4,390 

3,430 

5,410 



4,780 



2,620 
3,050 
5,660 
7,060 
3,030 
2,240 
11,800 
14,200 
6,580 
2,630 
1,790 
1,600 



5,200 



2,760 
2,670 
1,960 
1,960 
1,190 
3,970 
14,400 
15, 900 
4,690 
4,600 
2,600 
3,010 



4,990 



8,940 

7,810 

9,320 

4,410 

4,830 

7,580 

12,800 

12, 700 

4,450 

1,530 

1,690 

627 



6,400 



Per 
square 
mile. 



1.79 
.829 
.390 
.280 
.220 
2.29 
4.32 
2.71 
1.35 
1.42 
1.11 
1.75 



1.54 



.845 
.984 
1.83 
2.28 
.977 
.723 
3.81 
4.58 
2.12 
.848 
.577 
.516 



.861 
.632 
.632 
.384 
1.28 
4.65 
5.13 
1.51 
1.48 
.839 
.971 



1.61 



2.88 
2.52 
3.01 
1.42 
1.56 
2.45 
4.13 
4.10 
1.44 
.494 
.545 
.202 



2.06 



Run-off 
(depth in 
inches on 
drainage 
area). 



2.06 

.92 

,45 

,32 

.23 

2.64 

4.82 

3.12 

1.51 

1.64 

1.28 

1.95 



20.94 



.97 
1.10 
2.11 
2.63 
1.02 
.83 
4.25 
5.28 
2.36 
.98 
.67 
.58 



1.03 

.96 

.73 

.73 

.40 

1.48 

5.19 

5.91 

1.68 

1.71 

.97 

1.08 



21.87 



3.32 
2.81 
3.47 
1.64 
1.68 
2.82 
4.61 
4.73 
1.61 
.57 
.63 
.23 



28.12 



Accu- 
racy. 



Precipi- 
tation in 
inches at 
St. Johns- 
bury, Vt. 



1.81 
1.09 
1.63 
1.30 
1.08 
2.10 
2.22 
2.68 
3.36 
4.35 
4.62 
4.79 



31. 03 



1.60 
2.10 
2.92 
2.10 
2.51 
1.82 
.54 
3.71 
4.35 
3.68 
4.71 
2.70 



32.74 



3.13 
1.74 
2.75 
1.58 
1.24 
2.62 
4.60 
2.58 
3.38 
4.46 
2.35 
8.11 



38.54 



5.06 
2.47 
3.90 
2.09 
3.94 
1.97 
2.27 
3.75 
4.78 
3.11 
5.21 



39.23 



114 



SUEFACE WATEES OF VEEMONT. 



Monthly discharge of Co7inecticut River at Orford, N. H. {Falrlee, Vt.), for the years 
ending Sept. 30,1900-1916— Contxaued. 



Month. 



Discharge in second-feet. 



Maximum. 



Minimum. 



Per 

square 
mile. 



Eun-ofl 
(depth in 
inches on 
drainage 



Aceu- 



Precipi- 

tation in 

racv 'inches at 

^^^■'- St. .Tohns- 

bury, Vt. 



1908-9. 

October 

November 

December 

January 

February 

March 

April 

May 

June 

July 

August 

September 

The year . . . 

1909-10 

October 

November 

December 

January 

February 

March 

April 

May 

June 

July 

August 

September 

The year . . , 

1910-11, 

October 

November 

December 

January 

February 

March 

April 

May 

June 

July 

August 

September 

The year 

1911-12. 

October 

November 

December 

January 

February 

March 

April 

May 

June 

July 

August 

September 

The year. . . 



1,040 
2, 7S0 
2, 050 
6,000 
7,320 
6,300 
49, 700 
23,200 
7,320 
2,400 
1,090 
5,450 



49, 700 



6,360 
3, 920 
4,030 
12, 000 
4,000 
21,500 
24, 500 
17,600 
14, 800 
2,520 
6,230 
3,710 



24, 500 



3,290 
4,150 
3,000 
4,500 
1,600 
10, 700 
28,900 
34, 500 
4,340 
2.530 
4,780 
3,900 



34,500 



6,520 

7.050 

17,800 

7,460 

1,600 

12, 100 

36, 700 

20, 900 

30, 600 

2,080 

5,330 

11, 600 



550 
640 

698 

1,020 

2,100 

2,320 

7, 000 

6,770 

1,590 

930 

640 

880 



747 

1,040 

1,200 

2,690 

4,000 

3,620 

25, 400 

14,400 

3, 890 

1,490 

836 

1,460 



0.241 
.335 
.387 
.868 
1.29 
1.17 
8.19 
4.65 
1.25 
.481 
.270 
.471 



550 



5,050 



1.63 



1,320 
1,660 
1,020 

900 
1,400 
5,320 
6,640 
4,960 
2,520 
1,000 
1,110 

755 



1,060 
1,550 
1,000 
1,600 
1,000 
1,200 
6,520 
2,900 
1,450 
680 
770 
1,650 



/eso 



2,350 
3,180 
4,560 
1,600 
1,200 
1,400 
9,800 
6,900 
2,160 
S50 
950 
1,840 



36,700 



850 



2,360 
2, 380 
2,070 
3,130 
2,000 
12, 800 
14, 500 
9,080 
6,050 
1,630 
2,430 
1, 740 



.761 
.768 
.668 
1.01 
.645 
4.13 
4.68 
2.93 
1.95 
.526 
.784 
.561 



5,020 



1.62 



2, 010 
2,510 
1,520 
2,520 
1,360 
2,450 
16,800 
11,300 
2,440 
1,180 
1,620 
2,360 



.658 
.810 
.490 
.813 
.439 
.790 
5.42 
3.65 
.787 
.381 
.523 
.761 



4,010 



1.29 



4,310 
4,340 
8,250 
3, 110 
1,420 
3,840 
21,800 
10, 800 
9,570 
1,390 
2,220 
4,100 



1.39 
1.40 
2.66 
1.00 
.458 
1.24 
7.03 
3.48 
3.09 
.448 
.716 
1.32 



6,250 



2.02 



0.28 

.37 

.45 

1.00 

1.34 

1.35 

9.14 

5.36 

1.40 

.55 

.31 

.53 



22.08 



.77 

1.16 

.67 

4.76 

5.22 

3.38 

2.18 

.61 

.90 

.63 



22.02 



.76 
.90 
.56 
.94 
.46 
.91 
6.05 
4.21 
.88 
.44 
.60 
.85 



A. 

A. 
C. 

c. 

c. 

, c. 

B. 
A. 
A. 
B. 
B. 
A. 



1.60 

1.56 

3.07 

1.15 

.49 

1.43 

7.84 

4.01 

3.45 

.52 

.8:3 

1.47 



27.42 



CONiSTECTICUT EIVER BASIN". 



115 



Monthly discharge of Connecticut River at Orford, N. H. {Fairlee, Vt.),for the years 
ending Sept. 30, 1900-1916 — Continued. 





Discharge in second-feet. 


Run-off 
(depth in 
inches on 

drainage 
area). 


Accu- 
racy. 


Precipi- 
tation in 
inches at 
St. Johns- 
bury, Vt. 


Month. 


Maximiun. 


Minimum. 


Mean. 


Per 

square 
mile. 


1912-13. 


8,880 
12, 600 
8,020 
15,500 
7,880 
56,000 
25,200 
15, 700 
12,800 
4,960 
2,650 
2,850 


2,520 
3,500 
3,290 
5,330 
3,190 
1,420 
9,470 
3,930 
1,870 
1,220 
595 
550 


4,010 
5,640 
5,450 
8,740 
4,410 
18, 900 
13,300 
6,750 
4,340 
2,090 
1,390 
1,130 


1.29 

1.82 

1.76 

2.82 

1.42 

6.10 

4.29 

2.18 

1.40 

.674 

.448 

.365 


1.49 

2.03 

2.03 

3.25 

1.48 

7.03 

4.79 

2.51 

1.56 

.78 

.52 

.41 


A. 

A. 
B. 
B. 
C. 
C. 
B. 
A. 
A. 
A. 
B. 
B. 


2.15 


November 


2.78 




2.97 


January . . : 


3.25 




1..S2 


Mareli 


6.76 




1.63 


May 


3.. 36 




1.40 


July 


7.56 




1.44 


September 


1.45 






The year 


56,000 


550 


6,370 


2.05 


27.88 




30.07 






1913-14. 
October . 


8,600 

7,040 

6,900 

1,950 

2,030 

11,800 

44,300 

24,200 

4,840 

3,050 

2,560 

2,650 


930 
, 2, 850 
1,500 
1,100 

880 
1,100 
6,500 
3,490 
1,500 
1,100 

930 

980 


3,130 
4,170 
3,680 
1,390 
1,250 
4,580 
18,300 
11,300 
2,360 
1,940 
1,410 
1,550 


1.01 
1.35 
1.19 
.448 
.403 
1.48 
5.90 
3.65 
.761 
.626 
.455 
.500 


1.16 

1.51 

1.37 

.52 

.42 

1.71 

6.58 

4.21 

.85 

.72 

.52 

.56 


A. 
A. 
A. 
B. 
B. 
C. 
C. 
A. 
A. 
A. 
B. 
B. 


5.94 




1.25 


December . 


2.78 


January 


1.80 


February. 


2.00 


March 


2.59 




4.47 


May 


.50 


June. . . 


3.09 


July 


4.87 


August . 


4.98 


September 


2.41 






The year 


44,300 


880 


4,600 


1.48 


20.13 




36.68 






1914-15. 


3,600 

4,960 

6,630 

5,580 

33, 700 

18,200 

23,800 

12,000 

5,200 

21,900 

9,770 

5,840 


1,040 

1,500 

880 

730 

730 

2,110 

2,030 

2,470 

1,360 

2,470 

2,650 

1,360 


1,910 
3, 230 
2,500 
2,160 
4,910 
5,560 
9,250 
5,110 
2,400 
7,000 
4,950 
2,540 


.616 
1.04 

.806 

.697 
1.58 
1.79 
2.98 
1.65 

.774 
2.26 
1.60 

.819 


.71 
1.16 

.93 

.80 
1.64 
2.06 
3.32 
1.90 

.86 
2.61 
1.84 

.91 


C. 
B. 
B. 
B. 
B. 
A. 
A. 
A. 
A. 
A. 
A. 
A. 


.89 


November. . 


2.22 




1.24 


January 


1.98 




3.47 


March 


.30 




1.98 


May 


2.01 


June 


2.79 


July 


6.38 




4.67 


September 


3.22 






The year 


33. 700 


730 


4,290 


1.38 


18. 74 




31.15 






1915-16. 
October 


4,260 
5,580 
11,600 
13, 200 
12, 000 
18,500 
31, 700 
19,300 
13, 700 
10, 700 
13,000 
3,450 


1,870 
3,490 
2,560 
1,950 
2,470 
2,030 
9,470 
5,080 
4,840 
2, .380 
1,500 
1,280 


3,000 
4,510 
4, 450 
4,420 
5,190 
3,540 
17,200 
9, 550 
8,640 
5,190 
3,330 
2,100 


.968 
1.45 
1.44 
1.43 
1.67 
1.14 
5.55 
3.08 
2.79 
1.67 
1.07 

.677 


1.12 
1.62 
1.66 
1.65 
1.80 
1.31 
6.19 
3.55 
3.11 
1.92 
1.23 
.76 


A. 
A. 
B. 
B. 
B. 
B. 
B. 
A. 
A. 
A. 
A. 
A. 


1.48 


November 


1.79 


December ... 


3.0.S 


January 


1.93 


February 


2.59 


March 


1..52 


April 


1.68 


May 


3.48 


June 


4.36 


July 


2.02 


August 


4.62 


September 


5.55 






The year 


31, 700 


1,280 


5,910 


1.91 


25.92 




34.05 







Note. — Discharge determined from a V7ell-defined rating curve, the low- water part of which has varied 
somewhat at different periods on account of change.s in control section. Stage-discharge relation affected 
by ice: Dec. 30, 1900, to Mar. 24, 1901; Dec. 4-11, 1901; Dec. 24, 1901, to Feb. 26, 1902; Dec. 5, 1902, to Feb. 28, 
1903; Dec. 15, 1903, to Mar. 28, 1904; Nov. 17, 1904, to Mar. 25, 1905; Nov. 30 to Dec. 5, 1905; Jan. 2-23 and 
Feb. 3 to Apr. 15, 1906; Dec. 12, 1906, to Mar. 30, 1907; Dec. 1-10, 1907; Jan. 4 to Mar. 27, 1908; Dec. 16, 1908, 
to Apr. 2, 1909; Dec. 15, 1909, to Mar. 1, 1910; Dec. 6, 1910, to Mar. 28, 1911; Dec. 31, 1911, to Apr. 7, 1912; 
Feb. 23 to Mar. 15, 1913; Dec. 21, 1913, to Apr. 4, 1914; Dec. 14, 1914, to Feb. 25, 1915; and Dec. 9, 1915, to 
Apr. 4, 1916. Discharge for these periods determined from gage heights, discliarge measurements, 
observer's notes, and weather records. 



116 



SURFACE WATERS OP VERMONT. 



Days of deficiency in discharge of Connecticut River at Orford, N. H. (Fairlee, Vt.), 
during the years ending Sept. 30, 1901-1916. 



Dis- 
charge in 
second- 
feet. 


Theo- 
retical 
horse- 
power 
per foot 
of fall. 


Days of deficiency in discharge. 


1900- 
1901 


1901-2 


1902-3 


1903-4 


1904-5 


1905-6 


1906-7 


1907-8 


500 
1,000 
1,500 
2,000 
2,500 

3,000 
3,500 
4,000 
4,500 
5,000 

6.000 
7; 000 
8,000 
9,000 
10, 000 

15,000 
20,000 
25,000 
30, 000 
35, 000 

40,000 
45, 000 
50,000 
60,000 


56.8 
114 
170 
227 
284 

341 

398 
455 
512 

568 

682 

796 

909 
1,020 
1,140 

1,700 
2,270 
2,840 
3,410 
3,980 

4,550 
5,120 
5,680 
6,820 
















4 

34 

61 

86 

126 

144 
159 
175 
191 
199 

221 
243 
258 
271 

285 

334 
352 
359 
361 
365 

366 






17 
40 
69 
104 

183 
233 
250 

268 
277 

298 
306 
309 
313 
313 

331 
346 
350 
356 
361 

364 
365 


72 
158 
233 
252 

259 
265 
273 
280 

284 

293 
302 
309 
317 
329 

345 
361 
366 


85 
104 
121 
141 

171 
202 
220 
241 
251 

273 
289 
304 
307 
317 

352 
357 
359 
359 
362 

365 


2 

35 

71 

131 

178 
213 
233 
260 
267 

278 
289 
295 
305 
313 

341 
350 
359 
364 
365 


1 
80 
135 
164 

197 
215 
236 

268 
276 

291 
298 
304 
319 
324 

340 
350 
354 
356 
361 

364 
365 


19 
55 
100 

144 
166 
180 
210 
216 

255 
280 
291 
•301 
310 

330 
341 
355 
361 
365 


18 

47 
88 

121 

140 
163 
177 
206 

235 
254 
263 

272 
283 

318 

348 
355 
360 
362 

364 
365 








































Dis- 
charge in 
second- 
feet. 


Theo- 
retical 
horse- 
power 
per foot 
of fall. 


Days of deficiency in discharge. 


1908-9 


1909-10 


1910-11 


1911-12 


1912^13 


1913-14 


1914-15 


1915-16 


500 
1,000 
1,500 
2,000 
2,500 

3,000 
3,500 
4,000 
4,500 
5,000 

6,000 
7,000 
8,000 
9,000 
10,000 

15,000 
20,000 
25, 000 
30,000 
35, 000 

40,000 
45, 000 
50,000 
60,000 


56.8 
114 
170 
227 
284 

341 
398 
455 
512 
568 

682 

796 

909 
1,020 
1,140 

1,700 
2,270 
2,840 
3,410 
3,980 

4,550 
6,120 
5,680 
6,820 


















94 
158 
192 
209 

228 
253 
268 
277 
283 

295 
304 
307 
311 
313 

328 
343 
353 

356 
357 

360 
362 
365 


12 

75 
132 
188 

207 
218 
233 
239 
243 

256 
276 
289 
303 
314 

334 
353 
365 


15 
110 
179 
236 

270 

287 
304 
308 
312 

314 
319 
322 
324 
326 

338 
350 
357 
360 
365 


2 
58 
99 
103 

146 
159 
186 
206 
216 

245 
267 
278 
285 
302 

332 
344 
352 
359 
363 

366 


30 
47 
74 
96 

114 
134 
168 
194 
209 

238 
271 
284 
293 
308 

339 
348 
352 
359 
360 

362 
362 
364 
365 


22 

83 

166 

197 

217 
248 
256 
268 
282 

295 
310 
316 
318 
320 

336 
354 
360 
361 
362 

362 
365 


26 

57 

102 

137 

171 
210 
236 
259 

277 

298 
319 
324 
334 
338 

354 
358 
363 
363 
365 


4" 

33 

77 

120 
150 
180 
205 
227 

251 
270 
281 
293 
303 

345 
357 
362 
365 
366 















































eoififECTTCUT EIVeE BASIN. 



117 



PASSUMPSIC RIVER AT PIERCE'S MILLS, NEAR ST. JOHNSBURY, VT. 

Location. — At suspension footbridge just below Pierce's Mills, about 2 miles below 
mouth of Sheldon Branch, 4 miles above mouth of Moose River, and 5 miles from 
St. Johnsbury. 

Drainage area.^ — 237 square miles. 

Records available. — May 26, 1909, to September 30, 1916. 

Gage. — Staff, in two sections; low-water section a vertical staff bolted to ledge just 
above bridge; high- water section an inclined staff bolted to ledge below bridge. 

Discharge measurements.— Made from footbridge or by wading below the bridge. 

Channel and control. — Channel composed of ledge rock partly covered with gravel 
and alluvium. At high stages the control is probably at the dam near Centervale. 

Extremes of discharge. — 1909-1916: Maximum stage recorded, 14.8 feet during the 
night of March 27-28, 1913, determined by leveling from flood marks (discharge 
not computed); minimum stage, zero flow at various times due to water being 
held back by mills. 

Winter flow. — Stage-discharge relation seriously affected by ice; flow determined 
from gage heights, corrected for backwater by means of current-meter measure- 
ments, observer's notes, and records of temperature and precipitation. 

Regulation. — A study of the discharge records indicates that a storage of 455,000,000 
cubic feet might be required to insure a continuous flow of 0.5 second-foot per 
square mile at Pierce's Mills for 90 per cent of the time during a year of extremely 
low flow; a storage of 15,000,000 cubic feet would probably insure this rate of 
flow for 90 per cent of the time during the average year. There is a small diurnal 
fluctuation caused by the operation of Pierce's Mills, just above station, and by 
other mills farther upstream. (See Accuracy.) 

Accuracy. — ^A fairly well-defined rating curve has been developed, but individual 
discharge measurements frequently show a large percentage of error due to fluc- 
tuation in stage during the measurement. The effect of the diurnal fluctuation 
was studied by means of temporary installation of a water-stage recorder during 
August and September, 1914. Although the results obtained by means of gage 
heights read twice a day were found to be occasionally in error for individual 
days, the mean discharge for the period August 16 to September 11, as deter- 
mined from such gage heights and that determined from hourly gage heights from 
water-stage recorder, were found to be identical. 



Discharge measurements of Passumpsic River at Pierce's Mills, near St. Johnsbury, 

during 1909-1916. 



Vt. 



Date. 



May 26 
June 29 
29 
July 27 
Oct. 27 

1910. 

Mar. 25 

26 

26 

26 

26 

26 

26 

28 

Apr. 20 

July 13 

1911. 
June 23 
Aug. 1 

1912. 
Feb. 23 
Aug. 24 



Made by- 



D. M. Wood. 
do , 



.do 

.do 

.do 



T. "W. Norcross 

do... 

do... 

do... 

do... 

do... 

do... 

do... 

do... 

G. M. Brett 

G. H. Canfleld. 
do 



G. H. Canfield. 
J. G. Mathers.. 



height. 



Feet. 
2.50 
L68 
1.45 
1.29 
L64 

5.16 
5.62 
5.46 
5.36 
5.31 
6.16 
5.05 
3.71 
3.05 
1.31 

1.60 
1.42 

a 2. 73 
1.75 



Dis- 



Sec.-ft. 
359 
172 
118 
69 
164 



1,580 

1,790 

1,680 

1,610 

1,620 

1,520 

1,480 

938 

624 

77 

164 
119 

196 

177 



Date. 



1912. 
Aug. 24 
Oct. 17 

1913. 

Mar. 5 

31 

Apr. 24 

Sept. 10 

10 

1914. 
May 27 
Aug. 16 
Sept. 12 

1915. 
Apr. 26 
Dec. 16 

1916. 
Feb. 9 



Made by- 



J. G. Mathers.. 
C. S. DeGolyer. 

C. S. DeGolyer. 
R. S. Barnes... 

do 

G.H. Canfield. 
do 



C. S. DeGolyer. 
C.C. Covert.... 
R. S. Barnes... 



R. S. Barnes. 
do 



R. S. Barnes. 



height. 



Feet. 
1.69 
1.90 



a 2. 09 
5.33 
2.90 
1.30 
1.16 



1.98 
.98 
L45 



4.34 
1.79 



Dis- 
charge. 



Sec.-ft. 
162 
219 



147 

1,650 

570 



261 
40. 
145 



1,140 
213 



326 



a Stage-discharge relation aEected by ice. 



118 



SURFACE WATEES OF VEEMONT. 



Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Passumpsic River at Pierce's Mills, near St. Johnsbury, 
Vt.,for the years ending Sept. SO, 1909-1916. 



Day. 


May. 


June. 


July. 


Aug. 


Sept. 


Day. 


May. 


June. 


July. 


Aug. 


Sept. 


1909. 
1 




372 
238 
306 
290 
290 

537 
372 
306 
275 
260 

230 
230 
216 
426 
290 


149 
149 
162 
260 
202 

175 
162 
149 
124 
124 

145 
200 
100 
90 
100 


110 
93 
91 
91 
89 

102 
96 

74 
78 
89 

96 
80 
78 
114 
76 


122 
180 
124 
102 
98 

194 
136 
119 
98 
89 

100 
107 
110 

98 
87 


1909. 
16 




230 

202 
558 
408 
275 

245 
216 
202 
175 
175 

202 
149 
162 
1G2 
162 


80 
80 
80 
180 
140 

120 
100 
80 
80 
80 

90 
96 
87 
87 
105 
165 


78 
89 
82 
98 
124 

372 
159 
119 
107 
96 

89 
154 
122 

91 
102 

96 


100 


2 




17 




98 


3 




18 




96 


4 




19 




78 


5 




20 




87 


6 




21 




89 


7 




22 




91 


8 




23 




87 


9 




24 




89 


10 




25 





134 


11 




26 


426 
390 
462 
700 
518 
426 


100 


12 . . 




27 


152 


13 




28 


556 


14. . 




29 


777 


15 




30 


322 






31 












Day. 


Oct. 


Nov. 


Dec. 


Jan. 


Feb. 


Mar. 


Apr. 


May. 


June. 


July. 


Aug. 


Sept. 


1909-10. 
1 


230 
197 
397 
266 
191 

175 
154 
139 
124 
122 

129 
119 
126 
119 
129 

124 
165 
199 
175 
144 

159 
239 
260 
197 
186 

172 
149 
165 
165 
149 
139 


149 
149 
162 
167 

178 

159 

144 
154 
202 

178 

152 
162 
154 
149 
149 

154 
144 
180 
159 
152 

149 
180 
245 
224 
213 

362 
238 
197 
316 
230 


219 
180 
186 
178 
149 

172 
172 
170 
152 
144 

154 
144 
162 
172 
180 

178 
162 
144 
139 
149 

146 
124 
139 
139 
149 

136 
136 
149 
136 
136 
136 


120 
120 
120 
110 
100 

100 

80 
80 
70 
70 

70 
60 
60 
60 
60 

70 

70 

100 

150 

200 

180 
1,960 
2,540 
1,560 
1,290 

1,080 
864 
780 
697 
616 
616 


577 
616 
596 

'i,"966 


2,320 
2,100 
1.470 
1,210 
992 

906 

1,430 

1,560 

992 

697 

656 
656 
463 
463 
390 

372 
322 
306 
322 
338 

463 
390 
519 
738 
1,600 

1,650 
992 
992 
1,560 
2,000 
1,960 


2,000 
1,600 
1,290 
1,080 
1,250 

1,470 
1,960 
1,510 
1,120 
1,120 

906 
738 
616 

577 
558 

577 
500 
519 
656 
616 

596 
558 
906 
618 
500 

558 
1,210 
738 
558 
78n 


780 
577 
558 
519 
992 

738 
558 
500 
463 
656 

538 
426 
372 
355 
355 

372 
322 
290 
618 
482 

408 
390 
355 
322 
500 

3,080 

1,290 

1,040 

697 

538 

596 


906 
697 
596 
538 
444 

656 
697 
616 

577 
444 

444 
444 
463 
355 
290 

290 
290 
463 
500 
322 

290 
227 
338 
254 
216 

224 
178 
500 
355 
23a 


216 
178 
126 
248 
216 

227 
144 
154 
159 
134 

197 
139 
134 
144 
136 

1*26 
105 
91 

98 
100 

100 
162 
233 
186 
159 

114 
119 
ISO 
172 
139 
162 


134 
119 
144 
208 
306 

208 
208 
170 
134 
124 

165 
199 
144 
124 
197 

444 
205 
146 
227 
197 

139 
126 
110 
114 
119 

114 
105 
96 
112 
91 
80 


96 


2 


100 


3 

4.. ' 

5 

6 


82 
154 
139 

290 


7 


355 


8 


208 


9 


154 




154 


11 


136 


12 


114 


13 


110 


14 


134 


15 


122 


16 


122 


17 


91 


18 


78 


19 


105 




98 


21 


98 


22 


91 


23 


96 


24 


91 


25 . . 


91 


26 


124 


27 


105 


28 


949 


29 


338 


30 


199 


31 

















CONKECTICUT RIVER BASIN. 



119 



Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Passumpsic River at Pierce's Mills, near St. Johnsbury, 
Vt.,for the years ending Sept. 30, 1909-1916 — Continued. 



Day. 


Oct. 


Nov. 


Dec. 


Jan. 


Feb. 


Mar. 


Apr. 


May. 


June. 


July. 


Aug. 


Sept. 


1910-11. 
1 


172 
306 
245 
180 
172 

175 
159 
152 
129 
139 

134 
126 
119 
124 
124 

12C 
134 
122 
114 
124 

110 
119 
159 
172 
154 

245 
245 
355 
322 
233 
205 

264 
246 
200 
307 
580 

420 
307 
243 
223 
200 

186 
184 
173 
161 
151 

156 
141 
173 
738 
420 

292 

276 
472 
507 
338 

292 
270 
270 
243 
240 
234 


186 
170 
355 
355 
390 

355 
275 
242 
216 
162 

180 
180 
180 
197 
175 

172 
170 
165 
162 
136 

149 
154 
152 
162 
172 

170 
126 
162 
149 
162 


175 
152 
146 
152 
162 

144 








500 
400 
>200 
300 
300 

550 
1,560 
1,820 
1,380 
1,080 

906 
1,210 
1,470 
1,920 
2,460 

2,100 
1,290 
992 
1,040 
1,340 

1,290 
1,290 
1,040 
1,210 
1,870 

2,050 
2,230 
2,410 
2,500 
2,360 

1,430 
863 
651 
550 
384 

1,040 
2,360 
3,800 
1,470 
1,040 

992 
1,120 
1,160 
1,210 
1,740 

3,940 
3,620 
2,280 
2,180 
1,740 

1,470 
1,560 
3,130 
1,870 
1,380 

1,340 

1,470 

1,290 

949 

820 


2,280 
2,500 
1,560 
1,040 
864 

822 
780 
780 
738 
657 

580 
543 
472 
437 
403 

437 
386 
354 
370 
338 

307 
276 
243 
249 
292 

370 
292 
246 
232 
189 
168 

777 
735 
651 
610 
550 

735 

777 
610 
570 
550 

512 
456 
531 
1,160 
693 

531 
1,040 
906 
590 
493 

1,380 
906 
820 
651 
693 

512 
456 
384 
384 
2,410 
2,500 


307 
322 
232 
200 
176 

168 
161 
153 
149 
139 

153 
249 
270 
220 
246 

354 
370 
249 
189 
184 

240 
184 
166 
151 
141 

128 
112 
130 
137 
130 

2,180 
1,164 
1,290 
1,040 
1,120 

777 
092 
693 
570 
493 

570 
456 
531 

456 
384 

420 
493 
384 
315 

282 

282 
250 
223 
209 
182 

282 
223 
187 
171 
144 


116 
116 
114 

99 
108 

106 
106 
116 
79 
112 

108 
87 
75 
83 
95 

166 
91 
130 
139 
116 

139 
130 
116 
99 
307 

151 
116 
114 
338 
322 
179 

141 
136 
129 
117 
131 

139 
141 
106 
108 
103 

100 
100 
96 
117 
122 

117 
103 
85 
90 
106 

85 
203 
156 
106 

92 

85 
81 
72 
106 
119 
111 


134 
128 
121 
112 
108 

85 
99 
99 
99 
97 

75 
95 
79 
97 
85 

149 
144 
125 
525 
232 

106 
134 
116 
114 
91 

103 
97 
118 
599 
217 
168 

111 
92 
176 

247 
161 

136 
139 
111 
106 
99 

146 
192 
174 
115 
115 

108 
90 
68 

111 
96 

96 
90 
81 
166 
298 

282 
315 
195 
146 
139 
115 


139 


2 








128 


3 ... 








161 


4 








151 


5 








128 
292 


6 








7 








338 


8 .. . 










186 


9 










166 


10 










206 


11 










168 


12 










158 


13 










179 


14 










134 


15 










141 


16 










338 


17 










200 


18 










173 


19 










141 


20 .... 










137 


21 










130 


22 










217 
203 


23 










24 










151 


25 










184 


26 










420 


27 ... . 








150 
600 
900 
900 
600 


240 


28 








240 


29 








914 


30 








3.'58 


31 










1911-12. 
1 


307 
270 
229 
217 
211 

195 
292 
370 
292 
249 

270 
258 
580 
354 
322 

307 
229 
354 
490 
354 

307 
307 
252 
307 
270 

246 

276 
270 
864 
543 


420 
338 
307 
255 
270 

276 
270 
270 
270 
338 

403 
738 
1,820 
992 
657 

543 
490 
472 
354 
276 

386 

354 

2,000 

1, 250 

822 

562 
543 
507 
307 
507 
472 






129 


2 








141 


3 








136 


4 








139 


5 








122 










1.54 


7 








146 


8 








203 


9 








1.36 


10 








127 


11 








550 


12 








550 


13 








203 


14 








129 


15 








141 


16 








531 


17 








235 


18 








169 


19 








820 


20 








949 


2] 








777 


22 








420 


23 




196 




298 


24 


282 


25 








238 


26 








198 


27 








171 


28 








166 


29 








195 


30 








550 


31 











120 



SURFACE WATERS OF VERMONT. 



Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Passumpsic River at Pierce's Mills, near St. Johnsbury, 
Vt.jfor the years ending Sept. 30, 1909-1916 — Continued. 



Day. 


Oct. 


Nov. 


Dec. 


Jan. 


Feb. 


Mar. 


Apr. 


May. 


June. 


July. 


Aug. 


Sept. 


1912-13. 
1 


315 
315 
244 
220 
209 

192 
182 
192 
104 
187 

182 
195 
531 
315 
266 

266 
238 
214 
203 
250 

214 

192 

203 

1,340 

777 

570 
456 
366 
315 
298 
260 

111 
85 
122 
130 
97 

97 
87 
93 
89 
89 

101 
126 
202 
152 
141 

126 
113 

97 
105 
186 

790 
320 
202 
176 
230 

530 
500 
360 
305 
340 
320 


250 
438 
298 
.2.50 
247 

244 
282 
1,820 
906 
590 

474 
420 
402 
735 
735 

531 

420 
366 
366 
384 

366 
384 
384 
349 
349 

349 
315 
282 
226 
298 

216 
216 
189 
189 
202 

176 
152 
152 
164 
230 

230 
189 
152 
176 
152 

130 
130 
141 
152 
670 

420 
275 
230 
230 
230 

202 
164 
141 
176 
176 


266 
298 
1,080 
570 
456 

610 
693 
438 
282 
384 

366 
298 
250 
244 
250 

266 
266 
244 
512 
693 

349 
315 
384 
315 
349 

349 
315 
300 
282 
280 
651 

189 
202 
230 
290 
230 

202 
164 
530 
260 
290 

260 
260 
202 
202 
189 

176 
202 
189 
176 
152 

152 
152 
189 
152 

164 

176 
152 
152 
152 
152 
152 








2,480 
1,170 
910 
1,410 
2,360 

1,660 
1,000 

790 
• 710 

670 

710 
750 
790 
750 
910 

910 
830 
670 
910 
830 

640 
600 
660 
600 
600 

600 
560 
500 
460 
405 

420 
670 
420 
290 
305 

230 
216 
320 
1,820 
870 

670 
1,040 
750 
600 
640 

870 

710 

1,080 

2,240 

4,640 

4,320 

1,880 
1,460 
1,170 
1,460 

1,510 
1,.560 
1,880 
2,420 
2,000 


360 
360 
340 
290 
290 

290 
275 
245 
230 
230 

230 
216 
202 
230 
202 

202 
305 
230 
320 
290 

230 
320 
790 
750 
460 

360 
290 
320 
1,460 
750 
500 

1,410 
1,120 
1,310 
1,460 
1,710 

1,510 

1, 260 

1,000 

950 

830 

710 
600 
530 
530 
500 

420 
390 
360 
340 
320 

305 
305 
305 
360 
290 

260 
230 
245 

202 
170 
202 


405 
375 
320 
290 
260 

230 
275 
390 
290 
230 

202 
176 
176 
176 
164 

176 
405 
260 
202 
176 

176 
152 
141 
130 
130 

120 
460 
360 
189 
152 

189 
176 
152 
230 
390 

260 
189 
176 
164 
152 

141 
130 
126 
111 
126 

117 
141 
130 
122 
189 

176 
141 
122 
109 
176 

128 
111 
101 
141 
202 


141 
120 
126 
117 
120 

126 
202 
141 
120 
152 

290 
164 
164 
152 
141 

141 
113 
111 
230 
164 

130 
117 
101 
117 
176 

141 
101 
360 
420 
219 
174 

230 
275 
275 
202 
152 

176 
152 
189 
290 
176 

152 
176 
141 
105 
111 

97 
87 
89 
107 
101 

87 
85 
48 
55 
55 

55 
91 
78 
85 
93 
111 


141 
152 
130 
130 
141 

130 
113 
93 
99 
93 

113 
97 
97 
99 

101 

87 
85 
89 
71 

75 

75 
63 

75 
71 
85 

78 
89 
126 
105 
120 
80 

80 
55 
130 
141 
113 

107 
107 
320 
152 
105 

115 
126 

89 
78 
68 

58 
93 
90 
86 
83 

86 
139 
102 
84 
65 

63 
53 
54 
94 
138 
181 


89 


2 








80 


3 . . . 








80 


4 








86 










171 


6 








58 


7 








55 


8 








49 


9 








22 


10 








49 


11 








69 


12 








54 


13 








44 


14 








47 










85 


16 








71 


17 








80 


IS 








73 


19 








68 


20 








55 










47 


22 








82 


23 








360 


24 








152 


25 








105 


26 








89 


27 








85 


28 






3,280 
1,260 
1,170 
1,560 


69 


29 






80 








87 


31 








1913-14. 
1 






128 


2 








125 


3 








123 


4 








121 










106 


6 








88 


7 








179 


8 








186 


9 








149 


10 








146 


11 








122 


12 








105 


13 








101 


14 








97 


15 








89 


16 








85 


17 








80 


18 








58 


19 








71 


20 








13 


21 








78 


22 








80 


23 








58 


24 








85 


25 








130 


26 








152 


27 






640 

830 

1,080 

830 


130 


28 






230 


29 






164 


30 






152 


31 






600 





CONNECTICUT RIVEK BASIN". 



121 



Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Passumpsic River at Pierce's Mills, near St. Johnsbury, 
Vt.jfor the years ending Sept. 30, 1909-1916 — Continued. 



Day. 


Oct. 


Nov. 


Dec. 


Jan. 


Feb. 


Mar. 


Apr. 


May. 


June. 


July. 


Aug. 


Sept. 


1914-15. 
1 


141 
130 
111 
97 
91 

97 
97 
93 
91 
71 

68 
97 
82 
80 
82 

78 

78 

202 

152 

141 

141 
130 
113 
97 
105 

101 
111 
97 
99 
101 
82 

189 
202 
260 
202 
260 

500 
290 
230 
230 
202 

189 
176 
176 
176 
245 

216 
176 
176 
202 
460 

305 
290 
230 
202 
202 

189 
230 
216 
202 
216 
260 


69 
111 
128 
120 
126 

126 
122 
97 
122 
128 

109 
73 
105 
117 
97 

260 
340 
152 
202 
141 

130 
141 
189 
164 
141 

141 
202 
202 
176 
152 


164 
260 
405 
305 
164 

189 
176 
141 
130 
111 

113 
130 
89 
105 






750 
600 
630 
420 
405 

390 
340 
340 
305 
290 

260 
245 
245 
230 
230 

189 
176 
176 
202 
202 

176 
164 
189 
290 
340 

630 
260 
260 
152 
189 
176 

670 
600 
560 
460 
460 

390 
360 
290 
290 
290 

290 
320 
290 
290 
230 

202 
176 
152 
176 
152 

130 
130 
130 
130 
130 

152 

260 

600 

1,760 

2,660 

3,140 


189 
230 
230 
202 
290 

340 
245 
460 
710 

870 

1,820 

4,000 

1,360 

910 

750 

670 
670 
600 
560 
530 

460 
390 
375 
360 
1,000 

1,000 
750 
530 
600 
530 

2,360 

2,360 

1,220 

950 

750 

710 
790 
750 
710 
600 

710 
910 
830 
1,000 
790 

910 
1,170 
2,060 
1,760 
1,080 

670 
1,220 
2,240 
1,510 
1,310 

1,170 
950 
910 
830 
830 


600 
600 
500 
420 
390 

340 
305 
630 
500 
405 

340 
290 
275 
260 
230 

216 
216 
260 
230 
260 

216 
230 
216 
189 
176 

202 
460 
275 
216 
189 
176 

830 
750 
670 
1,000 
670 

600 
530 
600 
600 
460 

500 
420 
376 
340 
320 

420 
1,220 
2,480 
1,170 

790 

600 
530 
600 
460 
420 

390 
360 
320 
340 
500 
870 


164 
152 
152 
130 
122 

101 
113 
113 
120 
117 

120 
820 
176 
152 
128 

152 
405 
530 
260 
376 

260 
176 
152 
130 
141 

162 
118 
108 
105 
93 

530 
390 
320 
1,310 
910 

750 
660 
460 
420 
600 

910 
670 
530 
670 
460 

390 
460 
460 
460 
1,000 

600 
460 
375 
320 
306 

860 
275 
640 
420 
500 


107 
164 
141 
141 
189 

202 
130 
320 
2,540 
750 

405 
260 
216 
176 
176 

152 
670 
910 
406 
360 

260 
230 
560 
275 
202 

245 
1,310 

460 
1,660 

830 

500 

320 
275 
830 
750 
640 

405 
320 
710 
500 
340 

420 
360 
500 
320 
246 

230 
290 
260 
230 
202 

176' 
202 
830 
360 
260 

216 
390 
230 
202 
189 
276 


375 
640 
420 
290 
275 

230 
202 
530 
750 
1,310 

600 
860 
320 
460 
820 

320 
390 
360 
260 
202 

176 
202 
1,170 
710 
670 

530 
375 
290 
260 
230 
275 

246 
176 
164 
164 
164 

189 

153 

164 

1,560 

1,660 

670 
600 
360 
290 
230 

202 
189 
176 
141 
162 

141 
152 
152 
176 
164 

164 
152 
202 
230 
189 
202 


230 


2 






202 


3 






176 


4 






176 


5 






152 


6 






162 


7 






162 


8 






710 


9 






600 


10 






305 


11 






202 


12 






176 


13 . .. 






176 


14 






189 


15 . . .- 






176 


16 . .. 








152 


17 








164 


18 








152 


19 








130 


20 








152 


21 








420 


22 








640 


23 . . 








290 


24 








216 


25 . .. 








189 


26 . . 








202 


27 








600 


28 . .- 






950 


860 


29 






260 


30 .... 








216 


31 










1915-16. 
1 


216 
216 
202 
216 
216 

202 
202 
202 
189 
202 

189 
176 
189 
189 
230 

320 
230 
189 
164 
530 

405 
320 
275 
230 
189 

176 
189 
230 
230 
460 


305 
202 
260 
202 
202 

189 
176 
176 
189 
164 

176 
176 
216 
176 
202 

176 
176 
260 
560 
360 

290 
230 
202 
230 
230 

1,660 
1,410 
870 
530 
530 
405 


460 
630 
530 
■ 460 
460 

500 
600 
500 
390 
360 

290 
290 
230 
275 
202 

202 
152 
202 
176 
176 

164 
202 
750 
640 
530 

600 
790 
2,060 
1,760 
1,220 
1,170 


1,410 

1,120 

910 

750 

670 

600 
530 
360 
360 
290 

290 
260 
260 
260 
260 

202 
176 
176 
176 
176 

176 
152 
130 
152 
152 

560 
950 
910 
750 


152 


2 


245 


3 


230 


4 


176 


5 


216 


6 


202 


7 . . 


176 


8 

9 


176 

460 


10 


230 


11 


176 


12 


152 


13 


152 


14 


141 


15.., 

16 


152 
630 


17 


245 


18 


189 


19 


202 


20 


162 


21 


164 


22 


141 


23 


164 


24 


176 


25 


176 


26 


152 


27 


152 


28 


130 


29 


162 


30 


2,060 


31 







Note.— Discharge determined from a rating curve fairly well defined below 2,000 second-feet; above 
2,000 second-feet the curve is based on logarithmic extension. Discharge, July 11-26, 1909, estimated by 
comparison with record of White River at Sharon. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Dec. 28, 1909, 
to Jan. 21, 1910; Feb. 4-27, 1910; Dee. 7, 1910, to Mar. 26, 1911; Jan. 6 to Apr. «, 1912;' Jan. 1 to Mar. 28, 
1913; Jan. 1 to Mar. 26, 1914; Dec. 16, 1914, to Feb. 27, 1915; Jan. 9-26, Feb. 4-27, and Mar. 3-28, 1916; dis- 
charge for those periois ascertained by means of gage heights, current-meter measurements, observer's 
notes, auj weather records. 



122 



StTRFAeE WATERS OF VERMONT. 



Monthly discharge of Passumpsic River at Piercers Mills, near St. Johnsbury, Vt., for 

1909-1916. 

[Drainage area, 237 square miles.] 



Month. 



Discharge ia second-feet. 



Maximvun. 



MtQimum. 



Mean. 



Per 

square 
mile. 



Run-off 
(depth ui 
inches on 
drainage 
area). 



Accu- 
racy. 



May 26-31.. 

June 

July 

August 

September . 



1909. 



700 
556 
260 
372 

777 



October 

November. 
December. . 

January 

February... 

March 

April 

May 

June 

July 

August 

September . 



1909-10. 



397 

302 

219 

2, 540 

1,960 

2,320 

2,000 

3,080 

906 

248 

444 



The year. 



3,080 



October 

November . 
December. . 
January . . . 
February . . 

March 

April 

May 

June 

July 

August 

September . 



1910-11. 



355 
390 



2,500 
2,500 
370 
338 
599 
420 



The year. 



October 

November . 
December. . 

January 

February . . 
March ..'... 

April 

May 

June 

July 

August 

September . 



1911-12. 



580 

864 

2,000 



3,940 

2,500 

2, 180 

203 

315 

949 



The year. 



October . . . 
November . 
December. . 

January 

February . . 

March 

April 

May 

June 

July....... 

August 

September . 



1912-13. 



1,340 
1,820 
1.080 



2,480 
1,460 
460 
420 
152 
360 



The year. 



390 
149 
80 

74 
87 



487 
272 
127 
108 
154 



119 
144 
124 
60 



306 
500 
290 
178 
91 
80 
78 



110 
126 



200 
168 
112 
75 
75 
128 



141 
195 
255 



384 
384 
144 
72 
68 
122 



164 
226 
244 



405 
202 
120 
101 
63 
22 



174 
185 
156 
453 
a 275 
994 
923 
635 
428 
155 
162 
167 



393 



174 

199 

a 140 

O190 

aim 

a 185 

1,370 

620 

200 

135 

149 

200 



305 



287 

326 

564 

o290 

ol20 

a 350 

1,630 

793 

559 

113 

146 

300 



455 



319 

449 

399 

a 600 

a 320 

11,360 

892 

373 

240 

164 

100 

84.1 



443 



2.05 
1.15 
.536 
.456 
.650 



.734 

.781 

.658 

1.91 

1.16 

4.19 

3. 89 

2.68 

1.81 

.654 

.084 

.705 



1.66 



.734 
.840 
.591 
.802 
.422 
.781 
5.78 
2.62 
.844 
.570 
.629 
.844 



1.29 



1.21 

1.38 

2.38 

1.22 

.506 

1.48 

6.88 

3.35 

2.36 

.477 

.616 

1.27 



1.92 



1.35 

1.89 

1.68 

2.53 

1.35 

5.74 

3.76 

1.57 

1.01 

.692 

.422 

.355 



1.87 



0.46 
1.28 
.62 
.53 
.73 



.85 

.87 

.76 

2.20 

1.21 

4.83 

4.34 

3.09 

2.02 

.75 

.79 

.79 



22.50 



.85 
.94 
.68 
.92 
.44 
.90 
6.45 
3.02 
.94 
.66 
.73 
.94 



17.47 



1.40 

1.54 

2.74 

1.41 

.55 

1.71 

7.08 

3.86 

2.63 

.55 

.71 

1.42 



26.20 



1.56 

2.11 

1.94 

2.92 

1.41 

6.62 

4.20 

1.81 

1.13 

.80 

.49 

.40 



25.39 



a Discharge estimated wholly or in part by comparison with records of streams iii adjacent drainage 
basins. 



CONNECTICUT EIVEK BASIN. 



123 



Monthly discharge of Passumpsic River at Pierce's Hills, near St. Johnsbury, Vt., for 

1909-1916— Continued. 





Discharge in second-feet. 


Per 
square 
mile. 


Run-off 
(depth in 
inches on 

drainage 
area). 


Accu- 
racy. 


Month. 


Maximum. 


Minimum. 


Mean. 


1913-14. 


560 
670 
530 


85 
130 
152 


209 

208 

205 

a 120 

a 115 

a 295 

1,280 

650 

161 

133 

105 

114 


0.882 

.878 

.865 

.506 

.485 

1.24 

5.40 

2.74 

.679 

.561 

.443 

.481 


1.02 
.98 
1.00 
.58 
.50 
1.43 
6.02 
3.16 
.76 
.65 
.51 
.54 


A. 


November 


A. 




A. 




P. 








D 




1,080 
4,640 
1,710 
390 
290 
320 
230 




D. 




2i6 
176 
101 
48 
53 
13 


B. 


May 


A. 




A. 


July 


A. 
B. 


September 


B. 






The year 


4,640 


13 


300 


1.27 


17.15 








1914-15. 
October 


202 
340 


68 
69 


105 

146 

a 145 

a 170 

a 270 

298 

718 

313 

178 

482 

436 

264 


.443 
.616 
.612 
.717 
1.14 
1.26 
3.03 
1.32 
.751 
2.03 
1.84 
1.11 


.51 

.69 

.71 

.83 

1.19 

1.45 

3.38 

1.52 

.84 

2.34 

2.12 

1.24 


B. 




B. 




C. 








D 




950 

750 

4,000 

600 

530 

2,540 

1,310 

710 




D. 


March 


164 
189 
176 
93 
107 
176 
130 


A. 




A. 


May 


A. 




A. 


July 


A. 




A 




A. 






' The year 


4,000 




294 


1.24 


16.82 










1915-16. 


500 
530 
1,660 
2,060 
1,410 
3,140 
2,360 
2,480 
1,310 
830 
1,660 
2,060 


176 
164 
164 
152 
130 
130 
600 
320 
275 
176 
141 
130 


235 
239 
365 
544 
454 
512 
1,140 
640 
550 
370 
306 
261 


.992 
1.01 
1.54 
2.30 
1.92 
2.16 
4.81 
2.70 
2.32 
1.56 
1.29 
1.10 


1.14 
1.13 
1.78 
2.65 
2.07 
2.49 
5.37 
3.11 
2.59 
1.80 
1.49 
1.23 


A. 




A. 




A 


January 


C. 


February 


C. 


March 


C. 




B. 


May 


A. 




A. 


July 


A. 




A. 


September 


A. 






The year 


3,140 


130 


466 


1.97 


26.85 









a Discharge estimated wholly or in part by comparison with records of streams in adjacent drainage 
basins. 

Days of deficiency in discharge of Passumpsic River at Pierce's Mills, near St. Johnsbury, 
Vt., during the year ending Sept. 30, 1916. 



Discharge 
in second- 
feet. 


Theoreti- 
cal horse- 
power per 
foot of fall. 


Days of 
deficiency 
in dis- 
charge, 
1915-16. 


Discharge 
in second- 
feet. 


Theoreti- 
cal horse- 
power per 
foot of fall. 


Days of 
deficiency 
in dis- 
charge. 
1915-16. 


140 
150 
160 
170 
180 

200 
220 
250 
300 
350 


15.9 
17.0 

18.2 
19.3 
20.4 

22.7 
25.0 
28.4 
34.1 
39.8 


7 
11 
31 

42 
75 

92 
133 

159 
191 

207 


400 
500 
600 
700 
800 

1,000 
1,500 
2,000 
2,500 
3,000 
3,500 


45.5 
66.8 
68.2 
79.6 
90.9 

114 

170 
227 
284 
341 
398 


225 
250 
278 
299 
315 

333 
350 
357 
363 
365 
366 



Note. — The above table gives the theoretical horsepower per foot of fall that may be developed at differ- 
ent rates of discharge, and shows the number of days on which the discharge and corresponding horse- 
power were respectively less than the amounts given in the columns for discharge and horsepower. In 
using this table, allowance should be made for the various losses, the principal ones being the wheel loss, 
Which may be as large as 20 per cent, and the head loss, which may be as large as 5 per cent. 



124 



SURFACE WATERS OP VERMONT. 



PASSUMPSIC RIVER AT ST. JOHNSBURY CENTER, VT. 

Location. — At steel highway bridge near railway station at St. Johnsbury Center, 
about 3^ miles below mouth of Sheldon Branch and 2| miles above mouth of 
Moose River. 

Drainage area. — 244 (square miles. 

Records available. — ^June 29 to November 30, 1903. 

Gage. — Chain attached to downstream side of steel highway bridge; read twice daily 
by F. H. Wheeler. 

Discharge measurements. — ^Made from bridge. 

Channel and control. — Channel rocky, with gravel and alluvium; banks high and 
not subject to overflow. Control influenced by the dam at Paddocks Village, 
St. Johnsbury, 2 miles downstream. 

Extremes op stage. — ^Maximum stage recorded during the period, 5.40 feet at 8 
a. m. July 26; minimum stage, 1.20 feet at 5.40 p. m. September 26. 

Regulation. — The operation of power plants above the station may have affected the 
distribution of flow at low stages. 

Accuracy. — Stage-discharge relation affected by dam below the station. Data in- 
sufficient for determination of daily discharge. 

Discharge measurements of Passumpsic River at St. Johnsbury Center, Vt., during 1903. 



Date. 


Made by- 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Date. 


Made by- 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


June 29 


EC. K. Barrows 


Feet. 
2.57 
2.98 


Sec.-ft. 
160 
249 


Aug. 4 
Sept. 17 


Hi. K. Barrows 


Feet. 
2.64 
1.37 


Sec.-ft. 
179 


July 16 


N. C. Grover 


do 


90 







Daily 


jage height, infect 


ofP 


assumpsic River at St. Johnsbury Center, 


Vt., 


for 1903. 


Day. 


June. 


July. 


Aug. 


Sept. 


Oct. 


Nov. 


Day. 


June. 


July. 


Aug. 


Sept. 


Oct. 


Nov. 


1 




2.70 
3.10 
3.00 
2.95 

2.8S 

3.02 


S.32 
3.18 
2.98 
2.85 
2.98 

2.90 


2. 58 
2.55 
2.48 
2.48 
2.70 

2.82 
2. SO 
2. IS 
1.80 

1.78 

1.5f 
1.40 
1.30 
1.35 
1.40 


2.12 
2.10 
2.62 

2.88 
2.60 

2.96 
2.65 
2.48 
2.45 
2.60 

2.88 
2.30 
2.22 
2.20 
2.20 


3.00 

2.85 
2.75 
2.58 
2.65 

3.20 
3.02 
3.05 

2.88 
2.80 

2.82 
2.80 
2.80 
2.68 
2.95 


16 




3.02 
3.12 

2.82 
2.90 
2.82 

2.78 
2.65 
2.95 
3.20 
2.95 

5.05 
3.78 
3.25 
3.20 
3.38 
3.98 


2.85 
2.62 
2.50 
2.32 
3.22 

3.35 
3.05 
2.95 

2.58 
2.55 

3.20 
2.92 
2.52 
2.78 
2.85 
2.92 


1.52 
1.40 
1.35 
1.35 
1.72 

1.90 
2.18 
1.88 
1.65 
1.42 

1.25 
1.30 
1.60 
2.32 
2.22 


2.15 
2.15 
3.10 
3.15 
2.95 

2.85 
2.42 
2.80 
3.30 
3.10 

2.90 
2.70 
2.85 
2.68 
2.70 
2.78 


2.90 


2 




17 




2.65 


3 




18 




3.22 


4 




19 




2.88 


5 




20 




2 50 


6 




21 




2.50 


7 




3.08 1 2.9fl 


22 




2.60 


8 




2.65 
2.40 
3.02 

3.10 
2.90 
2.32 
2.30 
2.45 


2.80 

2.82 
2.60 

1.92 
2.00 
L90 
1.85 
2.45 


23 




2.68 


9 




24 




2.65 


10 




25 




2.65 


11 




26 




2.95 


12 




27 




2.78 


13 




28 




2.78 


14 




29 


2.57 
2.65 


2.90 


15 




30 


2.35 






31 













WHITE RIVER AT SHARON, VT. 

Location. — At steel highway bridge near railway station in Sharon village (1903 

1904); about 1,500 feet below dam of Vermont Copper Co., 1 mile below Sharon 

village (1909-1912). 
Drainage area. — 643 square miles at site first used in Sharon village; 654 square, 

miles at site 1 mile below Sharon. ^ 
Records available. — ^June 30, 1903, to November 12, 1904, and May 12, 1909, to 

December 31, 1912. 
Gages. — Chain gage on upstream side of highway bridge in Sharon village; read 

twice daily from June 30, 1903, to November 12, 1904; staff and chain gages on 

left bank 1,500 feet below dam of Vermont Copper Co., and staff gage at crest of 

dam, used from May 12, 1909, to December 31, 1912. 

' Remeasvired since publication of other reports. 



CONNECTICUT EIVEE BASIN. 



125 



Discharge measurements. — ^Made from highway bridge in Sharon village; from 
suspension footbridge below dam of Vermont Copper Co., and by wading. 

Channel and control. — Stream bed covered with gravel and alluvium; somewhat 
shifting. Control at first site was at a timber crib dam, but as dam was not used 
for power and all water except leakage passed over it, the conditions were fairly 
permanent until the erection of a new dam 1 mile downstream caused back- 
water at the gage. The control for the new site consisted of gravel and boulders 
and was somewhat shifting. A rating was also made of the crest of the dam. 

Extremes op stage. — Maximum stage recorded 1903-4 and 1909-1912: 9.5 feet 
April 7, 1911 (discharge 10,200 second-feet); minimum stage, 2.9 feet September 
22, 1909 (discharge, 10 second-feet; water held back by dam). 

Winter flow. — Stage-discharge relation seriously affected by ice; records at dam 
of Vermont Copper Co. used in making computations at various times during 
the winters from 1909 to 1912. 

Regulation. — ^Flow not seriously affected by regulation during 1903-4, but at the 
new site, 1 mile below Sharon, the distribution of flow was largely regulated by 
the dam of the Vermont Copper Co. 

Accuracy. — Records considered good. 

Discharge measurements of White River at Sharon, Vt., during 1903-4 and 1909-1914. 



Date. 


Made by— 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Date. 


Made by— 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


1903. 
June 30 


H. K. Barrows. . . . 


Feet. 
5.03 
4.87 
4.79 

6.63 
6.49 
5.58 
4.51 
4.49 
4.70 
5.59 

5.85 
5.30 
4.07 
3.70 
3.63 
3.50 


Sec.-ft. 
440 
395 
270 

3,110 

2,810 

1,180 

147 

128 

316 

1,260 

2,640 
1,830 
496 
255 
224 
175 


1910. 
Aug. 17 

1911. 
June 18 

1912. 
Feb. 17 
Sept. 2 

1913. 
Sept. 12 
13 

1914. 
Sept. 20 
Oct. 7 
7 


G. M. Brett 


Feet. 
3.90 

3.80 

05. 25 
3.45 

2.92 
1.90 

2.70 
6 2.32 
6 2.32 


Sec.-ft. 
286 


Aug. 1 
Sept. 10 


do 

do 

N. C. Grover 


G. H. Canfleld 


306 


1904. 
Apr. 7 
May 3 
27 


G. H. Canfleld 




S. K. Clapp 


431 


do 

do 


J. G.Mathers 


162 


July 7 

7 

27 


G. H. Canfleld 




do 

do 

T. W. Norcross 


151 


Sept. 26 

1909. 
May 12 
29 


do 

R. S. Barnes 


4 


D.M.Wood 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 


141 


C. H. Pierce 


69 


June 24 

July 20 

21 

Sept. 10 


do 


67 



a Stage-discharge relation affected by ice. 

b Stage-discharge relation affected by gravel bar below the gage; conditions shifting. 

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of White River at Sharon, Vt.,for the years evAing Sept. SO, 

1903-4 and 1909-1912. 



Day. 


July. 


Aug. 


Sept. 


Day. 


July. 


Aug. 


Sept. 


Day. 


July. 


Aug. 


Sept. 


1903. 
1 


619 
790 
513 
513 

418 

418 
375 
375 
335 
298 


375 
335 
298 
335 
418 

418 
513 
335 
335 
335 


418 
418 
335 
335 
513 

464 
418 
375 
335 
335 


1903. 
11 


298 
263 
298 
263 
263 

335 
298 
335 
298 
375 


375 
1,970 
849 
619 
418 

418 
418 
418 
375 
732 


335 
263 
263 
298 
263 

263 
335 
335 
335 
263 


1903. 
21 


513 
619 
1,700 
849 
565 

513 
619 
513 
418 
513 
464 


849 
565 
418 
418 
418 

675 
513 
464 
418 
375 
418 


263 


2 


12 


22... 


263 


3 


13 


23 


263 


4 


14 


24 


230 


5 


15 


25... 


230 


6 


16 


26... . 


230 


7 


17 


27 


230 


8 


18 


28 


263 


9 


19 . 


29 


298 


10 


20 


30 


203 






31... 











126 



SURFACE WATEES OF VERMONT. 



Daily discharge, in second-feet, of White River at Sharon, Vt.,for the years ending Sept. 30, 
1903-4 and 1909-1912— Continued. 



Day. 


Oct. 


Nov. 


Dec. 


Jan. 


Feb. 


Mar. 


Apr. 


May. 


June. 


July. 


Aug. 


Sept. 


1903-4. 
1 


263 
263 
263 
263 
263 

513 
375 
335 
619 
909 

619 
513 

464 
418 
418 

375 
375 
619 
790 
619 

513 

464 
418 
619 
565 

513 
513 
464 
418 
418 
464 


418 
418 
418 
375 
375 

513 
464 
335 
375 

418 

335 
375 
418 
375 
335 

375 
418 
619 
565 
418 

335 










2,250 
2,150 
2,410 
2,680 
2,940 

3,200 
3,470 
3,470 
5,460 
5,230 

4,340 
3,570 
3,260 
2,450 
2,060 

2,060 
1,700 
1,880 
1,970 
1,880 

1,700 

1,880 
1,880 
2,060 
3,260 

3,360 
2,650 
4,560 
6.380 
5.800 


4,340 
3,470 
2,850 
2,650 
2,250 

1,880 
1,530 
1,370 
1,300 
1,530 

1,530 
1,300 
1,370 
1, 300 
1,370 

1,610 
1,230 
1,370 
2,450 
2,250 

1,970 
1,970 
1,450 
1,450 
1,450 

1,370 

1,230 

1,030 

970 

849 

849 


732 
732 
675 
619 
675 

732 
619 
619 
565 
513 

513 
418 
418 
418 
335 

335 
298 
263 
335 
335 

298 
298 
109 
88 
140 

140 
88 
113 
169 
199 


298 
335 
335 
263 
263 

199 
169 
140 
140 
199 

199 
199 
263 
263 
263 

199 
199 
140 
140 

88 

67 
50 
113 
140 
199 

263 
263 
263 
199 
199 
140 


140 
140 
199 
199 
230 

230 
263 
263 
240 
240 

220 
220 
200 
200 
180 

180 
160 
160 
140 
199 

263 
335 
335 
335 
263 

263 
199 
199 
199 
199 
140 


140 


2 










88 


3 










88 


4 










113 


6 










263 


6 










335 


7 










418 


8 










464 


9 










464 


10 










418 


11 










335 


12 










335 


13 










263 


14 










263 


15 










199 


16 










1,700 
1,700 


17 










18 










1,610 


19 










1 450 


20 










1,300 


21 










1,160 


22 










1,030 
909 


23 












24 












790 


25 












675 


26 












970 


27 










6,260 
3,470 
2, 550 
2,350 
2,450 


1,230 


28 










1, 230 


29 










1,300 


30 










1,530 


31 
















1 





Day. 


Oct. 


Nov. 


Day. 


Oct. 


Nov. 


Day. 


Oct. 


Nov. 


1.. 


1904. 


1,700 
1,700 
1,790 
1,610 
1,450 

1,.300 

1,160 

1,030 

909 

790 


2,150 
1,970 
1,700 
1,450 
1,300 

1,450 
1,610 
1,700 
1,610 
1,450 


11. 
12. 
13. 
14. 
15. 

16. 
17. 
18. 
19. 
20. 


1904. 


675 
565 
464 
375 
335 

375 
464 
565 
675 
790 


1,300 
1,160 


21. 
22. 
23. 
24. 
25. 

26. 
27. 
28. 
29. 
30. 
31. 


1904. 


1,100 
1,530 
2,550 
3,360 
3,470 

3,260 
3,150 
2,950 
2,750 
2,550 
2,350 




2 








3 








4 








5 








6 








7 








8 








9 








10 

























Day. 



1909. 



May. 



2,640 
1,870 
1,750 
1,630 



June. 



752 
865 

2, 590 

1,560 

1,180 

986 



1,130 

986 

743 

1,290 

1,180 



July. 



315 

288 
271 
408 
288 

408 
315 
288 
271 
238 

260 
315 
195 
183 
195 



Aug. 



175 
155 
163 

238 
246 
199 
203 
175 

155 
163 
155 
163 
67 



Sept. 



135 
135 
155 
143 
260 

224 
143 
139 
159 
143 

110 
64 
104 
135 
139 



Day. 



1909, 

16 

17 

18 

19 

20 

21 

22 

23 

24 

25 

26 

27 

28 

29 

30 

31 



1,510 
2,780 
2,840 
2,350 
2,260 

2,000 
1,700 
1,700 
1,510 
1,210 

1,120 
1,050 
1,130 
1,670 
1,510 
1,240 



June. July. 



875 
725 
1,050 
836 
351 

752 
579 
500 
440 
440 

375 
455 
440 
345 
260 



175 
175 
179 
288 
238 

203 
195 
175 
167 
100 

195 
179 
179 
155 
151 
135 



Aug. 



100 
135 
345 
271 
315 

260 
233 
345 
195 
135 

155 
175 
107 
100 
195 
195 



CONNECTICUT EIVEK BASIN. 



127 



Daily discharge, in second-feet, of White River at Sharon, Vt.,for the years ending Sept. 30, 
1903-4 and 1909-1912 — Continued . 



Day. 


Oct. 


Nov. 


Dec. 


Jan. 


Feb. 


Mar. 


Apr. 


May. 


June. 


July. 


Aug. 


Sept. 


1909-10. 
1 


315 
266 
288 
304 
271 

215 
215 
215 
167 
72 

233 
171 
233 
191 
215 

175 
207 
199 
242 
207 

171 
183 
179 
345 
345 

293 
238 
224 
220 
207 
199 

680 
680 
680 
595 
515 

595 
595 
595 
515 
515 

515 
515 
440 
440 
440 

440 
440 
440 
440 
440 

515 
375 
440 
1,070 
515 

515 
515 
770 
680 
515 
515 


238 
266 
207 
199 
271 

215 
238 
375 
238 
242 

238 
238 
271 
191 
260 

171 
233 
224 
195 
310 

175 
251 
271 
293 
345 

388 
345 
345 
321 
345 


304 
304 
339 
341 
260 

304 
327 
321 
251 
256 

271 
260 






7,620 
6,940 
6,170 
4,000 
1,750 

2,260 
4,000 
3,040 
2,000 
1,670 

1,440 
1,590 
1,360 
1,360 
1,560 

1,290 
1,290 
810 
1,010 
1,670 

2,170 
1,510 
3,130 
3,450 
6,170 

5,980 
4,130 
3,500 
4,320 
4,940 
5,770 

450 
450 
398 
450 
345 

450 
450 
450 
505 
450 

345 
345 
345 
345 
450 

450 
450 
398 
345 
345 

345 
345 
345 
345 
398 

450 
865 
4,130 
3,740 
2,120 
1,830 


5,140 
3,360 
2,870 
2,560 
2,260 

2,410 
2,870 
2,410 
1,970 
2,260 

1,560 
1,430 
1,300 
1,180 
1, 180 

1,070 
1,070 
1,070 
1,180 
1,300 

1,180 
1,070 
1,180 
1,070 
965 

965 
2,560 
1,830 
1,430 
1,300 

1,180 

865 
680 
680 
680 

1,300 
10, 200 
4,730 
3,380 
2,720 

2,560 
2,870 
3,740 
4,730 
7,960 

6,850 
3,940 
3,560 
3,740 
3,740 

3,560 
3,560 
3,200 
2,870 
3,940 

4,730 
5,140 
7,960 
4,730 
3,200 


1,180 
1,180 
1,180 
2,260 
1,700 

1,430 
1,180 
1,070 
1,070 
1,300 

1,180 

1,070 

965 

965 

965 

965 
770 
770 
1,070 
865 

770 
865 
865 
770 
865 

3,560 
2,260 
1,970 
1,180 
1,070 
1,180 

4,520 
5,770 
3,560 
2,260 
1,970 

1,690 
1,560 
1,430 
1,300 
1,180 

1,070 
965 
865 
770 
680 

680 
680 
595 
595 
515 

440 
440 
440 
440 
595 

515 
515 
440 
595 
515 
440 


2,260 
1,700 
1,300 
1,180 
965 

2,260 
3,740 
3,200 
2,120 
1,970 

1,700 
1,970 
1,830 
1,560 
1,300 

1,300 
1,430 
1,300 
1,180 
1,070 

865 
865 
770 
770 
680 

595 
595 
770 
680 
515 

440 
515 
440 
440 
440 

440 
440 
370 
370 
370, 

370 
440 
440 
370 
370 

370 
310 
310 
310 
310 

310 
255 
210 
210 
255 

595 
440 
370 
440 
310 


440 
440 
440 
440 
440 

440 
375 
375 
375 
315 

315 

315 
315 
315 
315 

375 
315 
375 
375 
315 

260 
260 
260 
260 
260 

260 
260 
215 
260 
260 
260 

255 
255 
255 
210 
210 

210 
370 
310 
310 
255 

210 
175 
175 
175 
140 

140 
140 
370 
310 
255 

255 
210 
210 
210 
255 

210 
210 
175 
440 
370 
310 


260 

260 

260 

4,940 

1,430 

965 
680 
595 
515 
440 

515 
680 
515 
375 
375 

440 
375 
375 
375 
315 

260 
315 
260 
260 
215 

315 
260 
175 
260 
215 
215 

255 
210 
175 
175 
175 

175 
140 
140 
140 
140 

175 
175 
175 
140 
175 

140 
140 
140 
210 
440 

310 
255 
175 
175 
210 

175 
210 
255 
3,200 
1,180 
680 


260 


2 






260 


3 






315 


4 






375 


5 






375 


6 






1,070 
1,700 

865 


7 






g 






9 






595 


10 






440 


u 






375 


12 






375 


13 






375 


14 








595 


15 








440 


16 








375 


17 








315 


18 








315 


19 








375 


20 




620 

560 
1,720 
2,540 
1,510 
1,360 

1,080 
940 
810 
680 
680 
680 

398 

620 

5,770 

2,720 

940 

810 
875 
745 
940 
810 

745 
875 
810 
940 
810 

505 
505 
560 
560 
505 

560 
560 
450 
398 
398 

345 
398 
810 
1,010 
745 


"7," 620' 


315 


21 


315 


22 


315 


23 


315 


24 


375 


25 


375 


26 


375 


27 


440 


28 


2,410 
1,180 


29 


30 


770 


Jl 




1910-11. 
1 .. . 


515 
515 
680 
965 
1,070 

1,300 
965 
865 
770 
770 

770 
770 
680 
680 
680 

595 
595 
595 
515 
515 

515 
515 
515 
515 
515 

515 
440 
440 
515 
515 


515 
515 
440 
375 

440 

440 
440 
440 
440 
440 

440 
260 
215 
250 
250 

345 
250 


440 


2 


440 


3 


515 


4 


440 


5 


440 


6 


595 


7 


515 


8 


515 


9 


680 


LO 


965 


1: 


595 


2 


595 


3 


515 


4 


440 


5 


595 


6 


1,070 


7 


865 


8 


770 


9 


685 





770 


1 


685 


2 


370 


3 .. 


515 


4 


140 


5 


370 , 


6 


440 


7 


440 


8 


370 


9 


515 





515 


1 


560 





73175°— wsp 424—17 9 



128 



SURFACE WATERS OF VERMONT. 



Daily discharge, in second-feet, of White River at Sharon, Vt.,for the years ending Sept. SO, 
1903-4 and 1909-1912— Contimied. 



Day. 


Oct. 


Nov. 


Dec. 


Jan. 


Feb. 


Mar. 


Apr. 


May. 


June. 


July. 


Aug. 


Sept. 


1911-12. 
1 


770 
680 
770 
680 
1,700 

1,180 

1,070 

965 

965 

865 

770 
770 
680 
680 
565 

515 

515 

595 

7,960 

5,560 

2,870 
2,410 
2,120 
2,120 
1,700 

1,430 
1,300 
1,180 
1,070 
1,070 
1,430 


1,180 

1,180 

1,070 

965 

865 

865 
1,430 
1,180 
1,070 

965 

965 
965 

1,430 
770 

1,070 

865 

865 

965 

1,560 

1,180 

1,070 
965 
965 
905 
865 

865 

865 

770 

2,120 

1,690 


1,430 

1,300 

1,070 

770 

595 

770 
770 
770 
865 
865 

1,070 
2,120 
2,410 
2,120 
1,560 

1,300 

1,430 

1,300 

965 

770 

770 

965 

5,980 

3,120 

2,120 

1,830 
1,560 
1,560 
1,070 
865 
770 








6,420 
3,380 
2,410 


1,970 
1,560 
1,560 
1,430 
1,560 

'i,'436' 
1,300 
1,180 










2 
















3 








3,200 
2,560 
2,200 

1,830 
1,830 








4 














5 








1,700 

9,080 
11,200 








6 












, 


7 














g 














9 








8,180 


1,300 
1,180 








10 














11 








3,380 
3,380 
3,740 


965 
865 








12 








965 








13 














14 








1,070 

965 
4,320 


865 
• 770 

680 
680 
680 
595 
515 

515 
440 
370 
310 
255 

210 
255 
210 








15 








4,130 

10,000 
9,540 








16 




. 










17 














18 














19 








10,500 


1 970 








20 














21 








4,130 
3,940 
6,850 


'5,"i46" 
'2,'566' 

'i,"430' 

'i,'676' 
6,630 
7,960 








22 














23 














24 . . 














25 








3,560 

3,040 
3,040 
2,720 
2,410 








26 














27 . . 














28 














29 






2,870 
5,350 








30 






210 








31 































Day. 


July. 


Aug. 


Sept. 


Oct. 


Nov. 


Dec. 


Day. 


July. 


Aug. 


Sept. 


Oct. 


Nov. 


Dec. 


1912. 
1 






104 


515 






1912. 
16 












770 


2 


175 


175 


680 


515 


17 


140 


"ho" 


515 








3 






18 


370 
440 


1,180 




4 


175 
140 


104 


210 


370 


1,020 




191 


140 


1,430 


5 


20 


175 




6 










1,560 


21 




1,300 
770 




865 


865 


7 


175 
175 
140 
122 


140 

'"iio' 


i,m' 


310 




22 








8 


3,560 


1,430 


23. . 


370 
255 


175 








9 


24 






770 


595 


10 






1,830 




25. 


104 








11 


104 




255 


26 




370 


2,870 






12 






770 


27., 


140 
122 
104 








13 


122 










28 








680 




14 


140 


175 


680 


1,830 




29 


175 






595 


15 


175 


30 .. 




1,070 


515 
















31 


74 






1,830 















Note.— Discharge for 1903-4 determined from a rating curve fairly well defined below 4,000 second- 
feet. Discharge for 1909 to 1912 determined from rating curve for staff and chata gages fairly well defined 
below 4,000 second-feet. A rating curve was also developed for gage at crest of dam, but computations 
based on this curve are uncertain on account of lack of information regarding use of water through 
wheels and operation of sluice gates. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice: Nov. 22, 1903, to Mar. 26, 
1904; Dec. 10, 1909, to Mar. 25, 1910; Dec. 14-17, 1910; Jan. 1-2, and Jan. 5 to Mar. 26, 1911; and Jan. 13 to Mar. 
28,1912. 



CONNECTICUT RIVER BASIN. 



129 



Alonthly discharge of White River at Sharon, Vt.,for the years ending Sept. 30, 1903-4 and 

1909-1911. 
[Drainage area," 654 square miles.] 



Month. 



July........ 

August 

September. 



October 

November. 
December.! 

January 

February . . 

March 

April 

May 

June 

July 

August 

September. 



The year. 



October 

November 1-12. 



May 12-31.. 

Jime 

July 

August 

September . 



1909. 



October 

November - 
December.. 

January 

February . . 

March 

April 

May 

June 

July 

August 

September. 



The year. 



October 

November. 
December. . 

January 

February... 

March 

April 

May 

June 

JLily 

August 

September. 



The year. 



October 

November . 
December.. 



Discharge in second-feet. 



Maximum. 



1,700 

1,970 

513 



909 
619 



6,260 

6,380 

4,340 

732 

335 

335 

1,700 



6,380 

3,470 
2,150 

2,840 

2,590 

408 

345 

865 



345 

388 

341 

2,540 

7,620 

7,620 

5,140 

3,560 

3,740 

440 

4,940 

2,410 



7,620 



Minimum. 



1,070 
1,300 



5,770 



4,130 

10,200 

5,770 

595 

440 

3,200 

1,070 



10,200 

7,960 
2,120 



263 

298 
230 



263 



50 
140 



Mean. 



483 
510 
314 



472 

364 

325 

225 

200 

1,160 

3,070 

1,730 

395 

200 

217 

759 



335 
1,160 

1,050 

260 

100 

67 

10 



758 



1,540 
1,570 



230 
189 
163 



72 
171 



810 
965 
770 
515 
215 
175 
260 



375 
440 



345 



440 
210 
140 
140 
140 



515 
770 
595 



226 

261 

237 

541 

700 

3,160 

1,810 

1,240 

1,420 

330 

562 

666 



922 



Per 
square 
mile. 



0.751 
.793 

.488 



.734 
.566 
.505 
.350 
.311 
1.80 
4.78 
2.69 
.614 
.311 
.337 
1.18 



1.18 

2.40 
2.44 

2.72 
1.29 
.352 
.289 
.249 



.346 
.399 
.362 
.827 
1.07 
4.83 
2.77 
1.90 
2.17 
.505 
.859 
.865 



Run-ofE 
(depth in 
inches on 
drainage 
area). 



1.41 



530 
660 
554 
893 
345 
746 
3,770 
1,230 
375 
245 
337 
560 



853 

1,520 
1,080 
1,450 



.810 
1.01 

.847 
1.37 

.528 
1.14 



.76 

.88 

.573 

.375 

.515 

.856 



1.30 

2.32 
1.65 
2.22 



0.87 
.91 
.54 



.85 

.63 

.58 

.40 

..34 

2.08 

5.33 

3.10 

.68 

.36 

.39 

1.32 



2.77 
1.09 

2.02 

1.44 

.41 

.33 

.28 



.40 

.45 

.42 

.95 

1.11 

5.57 

3.09 

2.19 

2.42 

.58 

.99 

.97 



Accu- 
racy. 



.93 

1.13 

.98 

1.58 

.55 

1.31 

6.43 

2.17 

.64 

.43 

.59 



17.70 

2 68 
1.84 
2.56 



a 643 square miles from June 30, 1903, to Nov. 12, 1904. 

Note.— Discharge for Nov. 22, 1903, to Mar. 26, 1904, estimated by comparison with record of flow of 
Connecticut River at Fairlee; mean discharge Dec. 13-31, 1909, estimated 201 second-feet; discharge for 
Jan. 1-19, and Feb. 1-27, estimated from weather records and comparison with records of streams in nearby 
drainage basins, mean discharge Feb. 1-27 estimated 444 second-feet. Discharge for February, 1911, esti- 
mated by comparison with records of streams in near-by drainage basins. Discharge for other periods 
during the winter months based on rating cux've for crest of dam. 



130 



SURFACE WATERS OF VERMONT. 



WHITE RIVER AT WEST HARTFORD, VT. 

Location. — About 500 feet above highway bridge in village of West Hartford, 7 miles 
above mouth of river. 

Drainage area. — 687 square miles. 

Records available. — June 9, 1915, to September 30, 1916. 

Gage . — Inclined staff on left bank; read twice a day by F. P. Morse. 

Discharge measurements. — Made from cable 1,500 feet below the gage or by wading. 

Channel and control. — Channel wide and of fairly uniform cross-section at meas- 
uring section; covered with gravel and alluvium. Control formed by rock ledge 
100 feet below the gage; well defined. 

Extremes op discharge. — Maximum stage recorded during period, 10.7 feet at 7 
a. m. April 2, 1916 (approximate discharge determined from extension of rating 
curve, 10,200 second-feet); minimum stage, 2.32 feet at 6 a. m. August 29, 
1916 (approximate discharge determined from extension of rating curve, 40 
second-feet) . 

The high water of March 27, 1913, reached a stage of 18.9 feet, as determined 
from reference mark on scale platform opposite gage (discharge not determined). 

Winter flow. — Stage-discharge relation somewhat affected by ice; discharge ascer- 
tained by means of gage heights, discharge measurements, observer's notes, 
and weather records. (See PL XII, B, p. 91.) 

Regulation. — There are several power plants on the main stream and tributaries 
above the station, the neai-est being that of the Vermont Copper Co. at Sharon; 
when this plant is in operation it causes some diurnal fluctuation in discharge at 
low stages. 

Accuracy. — Results good. 

Discharge measurements of White River at West liartjord, Vt., during 1915-16. 



Date. 


Made by- i^^^ff^. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Date. 


Made by— 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


1915. 
Jiino 9 


. 

1 Feet. 

C.H.Pierce '■ 3.11 

Thweatt and Adams ... 3. 30 

Hardin Thweatt 3. 08 

G.F.Adams 4.17 

C.H.Pierce 3.52 

R. S. Barnes ■ 4. 10 

R.S.Barnes a 4. 35 

do ..• a5.04 

do : 4.08 


Sec.-ft. 
230 
260 • 
233 1 
715 
376 ! 

718 ; 

748 
936 
668 


1910. 

Mar. 20 

21 

Apr. 7 

8 

9 

20 

21 

25 

June 21 

Oct. 27 


R. S. Barnes 


Feet. 
3.98 
3.96 
6.59 
6.12 
6.22 
6.56 
6.45 
7.30 
5.70 
3.37 


Sec.-ft. 
617 


Sept. 8 

13 

Nov. 22 

Dec. 5 

21 

1916. 


--:..do 

do 

do 

do 

Hardin Thweatt 

do 

R. S. Barnes 


627 
3,170 
2,220 
2,310 
3,280 
3,090 
4,230 


Jan. 11 

Feb. 7 

15 


Hardin Thweatt 

do 


2,120 
286 



a Stage-discharge relation affected by ice. 



CONNECTICUT RIVER BASIN, 



131 



Daily discharge, in second-feet, of White River at West Hartford, Vt.,for the years ending 

Sept. 30, 1915-16. 



Day. 


Jiine. 


July. 


Aug. 


Sept. 


Day. 


Jime. 


July. 


Aug. 


Sept. 


1915. 
1. .. 




410 
1,450 
1,270 
1,270 

950 

1,100 

745 

950 

4,280 

1,960 

1.180 
915 

777 
845 
845 


515 
715 

1,020 
746 

1,270 

1,020 
915 
715 
715 

777 

655 
542 
570 
597 
487 


435 
385 
315 
295 
295 

240 
275 
337 
410 
337 

257 
225 
225 
240 
225 


1915. 
16 


295 
385 
625 
460 
435 

435 
337 
275 
240 
240 

225 
180 
240 
225 
195 


655 
810 
777 
685 
1,180 

845 
810 
1,360 
915 
715 

715 

880 
685 
915 
810 
625 


542 
542 
570 
460 
385 

337 
385 
1,180 
985 
950 

777 
597 
487 
435 
460 
460 


210 


2 




17 


210 


3 


18 


195 


4 


19 


177 


5 


20 


180 


6 


21 


275 


7 ! 


22 


487 


8 


23 


337 


9 


225 
210 

240 
410 
410 
295 
275 


24 


257 


10 


25 


240 


11 


26 


180 


12 


27 


295 


13 


28 


295 


14 


29 


257 


IS 


30 


210 




31 













Day. 


Oct. 


Nov. 


Dec. 


Jan. 


Feb. 


Mar. 


Apr. 


May. 


June. 


July. 


Aug. 


Sept. 


1915-16. 
1 


210 
225 
275 
337 
295 

410 
410 
315 
275 
240 

240 
225 
210 
195 
257 

410 
315 
295 
275 
275 

315 
315 
275 
225 
225 

257 
257 
295 
275 
275 
275 


337 
315 
295 
295 
295 

295 
295 
275 
275 
275 

295 
257 
257 
275 
315 

597 
487 
337 
460 
880 

880 
745 
597 
515 
435 

385 
410 
385 

487 
685 


625 
460 
515 
487 
360 

385 
360 
295 
257 
295 

315 
410 
360 
275 
275 

275 
295 
360 
597 
950 

715 
542 
460 
487 
542 

2,960 
2,310 
1,740 
1,270 
1,100 
915 


715 
950 
950 
915 
810 

1,180 

1,540 

1,100 

950 

777 

745 
745 
745 
715 
745 

515 

542 
.542 
515 

487 

542 

715 

2,310 

2,310 

1,640 

1,540 
3,680 
7,820 
4,130 
2,430 
2,690 


4,130 
2,960 
2,070 
1,450 
985 

985 
985 
810 
810 
810 

810 
625 
685 
625 
715 

745 
777 
745 
715 
625 

542 
597 
655 
625 

845 

1,180 
3,380 
1,740 
1,450 


1,360 
1,270 
1,180 
1,180 
1,100 

1,020 
915 

1,100 
950 
810 

715 

810 
810 
745 
625 

597 
625 
570 
597 
625 

625 
570 
542 
542 
570 

685 
845 
1,360 
2,190 
3,680 
5,080 


6,080 
8.900 
4,760 
3,830 
2,960 

3,240 
3,380 
2,690 
2,690 
2,430 

2,690 
3,240 
3,240 
3,240 
2,960 

3,240 
3,830 
4,440 
3,680 
3,380 

2,960 
3,100 
5,570 
6,080 
4,440 

3,980 
3,380 
2,960 
2,690 
2,960 


2,960 
2,560 
1,960 
2,070 
1,850 

1,640 
1,540 
1,540 
1,540 
1,360 

1,180 

1,020 

950 

915 

880 

8-15 
2,820 
5,910 
3,100 
2,310 

1,960 
1,640 
1,740 
1,740 
1,450 

1,270 
1,180 
1,020 
1,100 
1,020 
1,850 


1,180 

950 

915 

1,640 

1,450 

1,360 
1,180 
1,020 
1,270 
1,740 

1,960 
1,960 
1,740 
1,740 
1,360 

1,270 
1,960 
2,310 
1,960 
2,690 

1,960 
1,640 
1,360 
1,180 
1,180 

1,270 
1,020 
1,540 
1,180 
1,020 


845 

745 

1,640 

1,360 

1,540 

1,270 
950 
845 
715 
655 

655 
597 
745 
625 
.570 

435 
515 
410 
435 
360 

315 
487 
1,100 
810 
597 

542 
515 
655 
460 
385 
360 


315 

275 
257 
275 
257 

240 
195 
295 
225 
257 

275 
240 
225 
225 
225 

210 
159 
210 
195 

168 

180 
195 
295 
295 
156 

148 
142 
142 
90 
195 
180 


165 


2 


142 


3 


177 


4 


174 


5 


156 


6 


142 


7 


156 


8 


165 


9 


174 


10 


128 


11 


159 


12 


120 


13 


94 


14 


108 


15 


108 


16 


295 


17 


240 


18 


240 


19 


225 


20 


148 


21 


195 


22 


130 


23 : 


122 


24 


171 


25 


177 


26 


168 


27 . . . 


174 


28 


171 


29 


145 


30 

31 


1,020 







Note. — Discharge determined from a rating curve fairly well defined between 150 and 5,000 second-feet. 
Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Jan. 10-21 and Feb. 4-14, 1916; discharge for these periods 
ascertained by means of gage heights, two discharge measurements, observer's notes, and weather records. 



132 



SURFACE WATEES OP VERMONT. 



Monthly discharge of White River al West Hartford, Vt.,for the years ending Sept. SO, 

1915-16. 

[Drainage area, 687 square miles.] 



Month. 



Discharge in second-feet. 



Maximum. 



Minimum. 



Mean. 



Per 
square 
mile. 



Run-off 
(depth in 
inches on 
drainage 
area). 



Accu- 
racy. 



Jime 9-30 . . 

July 

Aua;ust 

September. 



October 

November . 
December . , 
January — 
February . . 

March 

April 

May 

June 

July 

August 

September . 



1915-1(1 



The year. 



f.25 
4,280 
1,270 

4S7 



410 
SSO 
2,9C0 
7,R20 
4,130 
5, 080 
8,900 
5,910 
2,690 
l,fi40 
315 
1,020 



8,000 



ISO 
410 
337 
177 



312 

1,040 

r,71 

277 



195 
257 
2.57 
487 
.542 
542 
2,430 
845 
015 
315 
90 
94 



421 

684 

1,480 

1, 180 

1,110 

3,770 

1,770 

1,500 

714 

217 

193 



90 



1,110 



0.454 
1.51 
.977 
.403 



.408 

.613 

.996 

2.15 

1.72 

1.62 

5.49 

2.58 

2.18 

1.04 

.316 

.281 



1.62 



0.37 
1.74 
1.13 

.45 



.47 

.68 

1.15 

2.48 

1.86 

1.87 

6.12 

2.97 

2. 43 

1.20 

.36 

.31 



21.90 



Days of deficiency in discharge of White River at West Hartford, Vt., during the year ending 

Sept. 30, 1916. 



Discharge 


Theoretical 
horse- 


Days of 
deficiency 


Discharge 


Theoretical 
horse- 


Days of 
deficiency 


in second- 


in dis- 


in second 


in dis- 


feet. 


foot of fall. 


charge, 
1915-16. 


feet. 


foot of fall. 


charge, 
1915-16. 


100 


11.4 


2 


700 


70.6 


186 


120 


13.6 


4 


800 


90.9 


206 


140 


15.9 


8 


900 ■ 


102 


223 


160 


18.2 


20 


1,000 


114 


239 


180 


20.4 


31 


1,250 


142 


264 


200 


22.7 


39 


1,500 


170 


282 


225 


25.6 


43 


2,000 


227 


311 


250 


28.4 


58 


3,000 


341 


337 


275 


31.2 


67 


5,000 


568 


359 


300 


34.1 


101 


10, 000 


1,140 


366 


350 


39.8 


113 








400 


45.5 


123 








450 


51.1 


131 








500 


56.8 


142 








600 


68.2 


169 









Note. — The above table gives the theoretical horsepower per foot of fall that may be developed at differ- 
ent rates of discharge, and shows the number of days on which the discharge and corresponding horse- 
power were respectively less than the amounts given in the columns for discharge and horsepower. In 
using this table, allowance should be made for the various losses, the principal ones being the wheel 
loss, which may be as as large as 20 per cent, and the head loss, which may be as large as 5 per cent. 



EAST BRANCH OF DEERFIELD RIVER AT SOMERSET RESERVOIR, VT. 

Location. — At the outlet of Somerset reservoir, about 11 miles (by river) northwest 

of Wilmington, Vt. 
Drainage area. — 30 square miles, including 3 square miles of water surface when 

reservoir is full. 
Becords available. — March 1, 1912, to September 30, 1916. 
Gages. — Vertical staff in arm of weir pool below outlet gates and vertical staff in 

reservoir near the spillway. 



COlsrN'ECTlCTJT RIVER BASIN". 



133 



CoMPtJTATiON OP RUN-OFF. — ^Water discharged through outlet gates is measured by 
40-foot Cippoletti weir (PI. XIV, B, p. Ill) a few hundred feet below outlet; 
corrections are applied for gain or loss in water stored as determined from capacity 
curve of reservoir. During construction of reservoir, prior to June, 1914, the 
natural flow was ascertained by means of a weir just below the regulating works, 
with connections for pondage. Current-meter measurements have been made by 
suspending meter from cable across stream 100 feet below weir; section rough and 
unsatisfactory for current-meter measurements. 

Cooperation. — ^Records furnished by the New England Power Co. 



The following discharge measurements were made by C. H. Pierce: 

September 7, 1916: Gage height, 0.99 foot; discharge, 171 second-feet. 
2.17 feet; discharge, 573 second-feet. 



Gage height. 



Monthly discharge of East Branch of Deerfield River at Somerset reservoir, Vt.,for the year 
ending Sept. SO, 1912-1916. 

[Drainage area, 30 square miles.] 



Month. 



1912. 

March 

April 

May 

Jiuie 

July 

August 

September 

1912-13. 

October 

November 

December 

January 

February 

March 

April 

May 

June 

July 

August , 

September 

The year. 

1913-14. 

October 

November , 

December 

January 

February 

March 

April 

May 

June 

July 

August 

September 

The year 



Discharge in sec- 




ond-feet. 


Run-off 






(depth in 






inches on 




Per 


drainage 


Mean. 


square 
mile. 


area). 


70.0 


2.33 


2.69 


234 


7.80 


8.70 


88.5 


2.95 


3.40 


44.4 


1.48 


1.65 


5.8 


.19 


.22 


2.1 


.07 


.08 


17.7 


.59 


.66 


140.8 


4.69 


5.41 


60.7 


2.02 


2.25 


96.0 


3.20 


3.69 


145.7 


4.86 


5.60 


25.4 


.85 


.89 


263 


8.77 


10.11 


96.0 


3.20 


3.57 


76.0 


2.53 


2.92 


10.1 


.34 


.38 


9.2 


.31 


.36 


6.0 


.20 


.23 


18.2 


.61 


.68 


79.8 


2,66 


36.09 


55.2 


1.84 


2.12 


118 


3.93 


4.38 


41.2 


1.37 


1.58 


26.6 


.89 


1.03 


7.5 


.25 


.26 


74.4 


2.48 


2.86 


326 


10.88 


12.14 


157 
9.0 


5.24 
.30 


6.04 
.33 


(a) 


(a) 


(o) 


24.0 
18.0 


.80 
.60 


.92 

.68 


71.4 


2.38 


32.34 



Month. 



1914-15. 

October 

November 

December 

January 

February 

March 

April 

May , 

June , 

July , 

August , 

September 

The year. 

1915-16. 

October 

November 

December 

January 

February 

March 

Apnl 

May 

June 

July 

August 

September 

The year 



Discharge in sec- 
ond-feet. 



12.6 
32.4 
26.7 
94.8 

122 
26.1 

175 
48.0 
10.2 

139 
99.3 
33.0 



8.1 



34.5 
36.6 
77.7 

112 

116 
31.8 

215 

182 
72.9 
25.2 
4.2 
16.5 



Per 
square 
mile. 



0.42 

1.08 

.89 

3.16 

4.08 

.87 

5.84 

1.60 

.34 

4.63 

3.31 

1.10 



2.27 



1.15 

1.22 

2.59 

3.75 

3.88 

1.06 

7.18 

6.05 

2.43 

.84 

.14 

.55 



2.56 



Rim-ofl 
(depth in 
inches on 
drainage 
area). 



0.49 
1.21 
1.03 
3.64 
4.25 
1.00 
6.52 
1.85 
.38 
5.34 
3.82 
1.23 



30.76 



1.33 

1.36 

2.99 

4.32 

4.18 

1.22 

8.01 

6.97 

2.71 

.97 

.16 

.62 



34.84 



a The apparent storage release during the month, as computed from capacity curve of the reservoir, 
exceeded total quantity passing the weir, as computed from weir table. 



134 SURFACE WATERS OF VERMONT. 

MISCELLANEOUS MEASUREMENTS. 

The results of measurements of flow of streams in Vermont at 
points other than gaging stations are given in the following table. 

Miscellaneous measurements of streams in Vermont. 

St. Lawrence River basin. 



Date. 



Stream. 



Tributary to — 



Locality. 



Gage 
height. 



Dis- 
charge. 



1909. 
June 28 

May 19 

27 
June 24 
May 20 



1910. 
Aug. 13 



13 
6 

5 

13 

Sept. 2 



Aug. 12 



Sept. 2 
Aug. 11 



Lamoille River. 
Dog River 



.do. 
.do. 
-do. 



WinoosM River. 

do 

Mollys Brook . . . 



Peachams Pond outlet . 
....do 



Cranberry Meadow 
Pond outlet. 



Kingsbury Branch. 



.do. 



Curtis Pond outlet 
Stevens Branch . . . . 



.do. 



do 

Jail Branch. 



.do. 
.do. 



do 

North Branch. 



do 

No. 10 Pond outlet . 



Lake Champlain . . 
Winooski River... 



....do. 
....do. 
....do. 



Lake Champlain . . 
....do 

Winooski River. . . 



.do. 
.do. 



.do. 



-do. 



.do. 



Kingsbury Branch 
Winooski River 



-do. 



do 

Stevens Branch . 



.do. 
.do. 



do 

Winooski River. 



do 

North Branch. 



Sept. 2 do 



.do. 



Covered highway bridge at 

Johnson Vt. 
Highway bridge one mile 

above Northfleld, Vt. 

do 

do 

Railroad bridge at mouth 

near Montpelier, Vt. 



500 feet below farm bridge on 
L. D. Nute's farm above 
Marshfield, Vt. 

400 feet above iron bridge 
about 1 mile below Marsh- 
field, Vt. 

Highway bridge on road 1 
mile below pond between 
Marshfield and Danville, 
Vt. 

At Brace's Mill, Peacham, 
Vt. 

50 feet above second high- 
way bridge above dam of 
Molly Falls Power Co., 
Marshfield, Vt. 

50 feet below first stone cul- 
vert under highway above 
Nelson Pond, near Marsh- 
field, Vt. 

At farm bridge 200 feet be- 
low junction with No. 10 
Pond Brook, 2\ miles 
North Montpelier, Vt. 

At old bridge 500 feet below 
jimction with No. 10 Pond 
Brook above Montpelier, 
Vt. 

Calais Center, Vt 

25 feet above highway bridge 
below Central Vermont 
Ry. station, Williams- 
town, Vt. 

20 feet below highway bridge 
below Central Vermont 
Ry. station, WilUams- 
town, Vt. 

At bridge, South Barre, Vt . 

I mile from East Barre, Vt., 
on road to Orange, Vt. 

do.... 

200 feet above railroad 
bridge, Barre, Vt. 

At railroad bridge, Barre, Vt. 

Just above old mill site 
above Worcester, Vt. 

do 

Just above highway bridge 
2\ miles above Montpelier, 
Vt. 

do 



Feet. 
(a) 

6 10.25 

610.90 
6 11. 60 



3.15 
10.3 



6.5 



2.70 



7.2 



6.5 



3.10 



3.40 



8.25 
d2.0 



1.34 
el. 75 



24.58 
/1.6 



/1. 27 

8.4 



Sec.-ft. 
128 

164 



22.0 
417 



9.4 

30.0 

L3 

4.0 
11.5 



.74 



19.8 



46.5 



.26 
3.17 



1.18 



11.4 
22.7 



4.97 
33.0 



23.2 
13.6- 



3.96 
23.0 



8.44 

a Reference point is a U-shaped tack in top outer side of guard rail at station 50. Distance to water 
surface, 28.82 feet. Initial point is face of left abutment. 

6 Water surface to reference point. Reference point is under edge of zinc cover over the upstream truss 
at about station 5 from face of east abutment. 

c Reference point, southwest corner of top of plate on middle floor beam, upstream side of bridge. Dis- 
tance to water surface, 18.08 feet. 

d Stake driven beside large rocks, with notch assumed at 2 feet. 

« Gage at Marvin farm, 1.75. 

/ Stake driven on right bank. 



MISCELLANEOUS MEASUREMENTS. 



135 



Miscellaneous measurements of streams in Vermont — Continued. 
St. Lawrence River basin — Continued. 



Date. 


Stream. 


Tributary to— 


Locality. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


1910. 
Aug. 9 


Dog River 


Winooski River... 

Dog River 

do 


400 feet above Corks high- 
way bridge near North- 
field, Vt. 

50 feet above mouth near 
Northfield, Vt. 

Northfleld, Vt 


Feet. 


Sec.-ft. 
3.64 


9 

. 24 


East Eoxbury Branch 

of Dog River. 
Union Brook 


2.50 
.09 


9 


Bull Run Brook. . . 


do 


Under highway bridge, 

Northfleld, Vt. 
Warren, Vt 


1.85 


2.43 


30 


Mad River.. . . 


Winooski River... 
do 


1.74 


28 




Waitsfield, Vt 




7.72 


28 
20 

30 


Mill Stream Branch of 

Mad River. 
Waterbury River 

do 


Mad River 

Winooski River. . . 

do 


Just above second mill, near 

Waitsfield, Vt. 
100 feet below junction of 

East and West Branches, 

Stowe, Vt. 
do 


23.9 

24. 15 
23.9 

24.15 

10.0 

9.81 
9.76 
9.02 

8.80 


2.47 
36.9 

17.1 


20 
30 


West Branch of Water- 
bury River. 

do 


Waterbury River . 
do 


200 feet above junction of 

East and West Branches, 

Stowe, Vt. 
100 feet above junction of 

East and West Branches, 

Stowe, Vt. 
Just below tailrace of mill at 

Moss Glen Falls, Stowe, 

Vt. 

Railroad bridge near Rut- 
land, Vt. 

Hardwiek, Vt 


23.6 
12.3 


30 


East Branch of Water- 
bury River. 

Cold River 


do 


.40 


1911. 

Aug. 8 

1912. 
Oct. 16 


Otter Creek 

LakeChamplain. . 
.. ..do 


a 7. 8 


Lamoille River 6 

do.c 

do.d 

do.e 


265 


16 


do 


46.4 


21 


do 


do 


264 


21 


do 


do 


48.4 











Connecticut River basin. 

I by C. H. Pierce.] 



1913. 
June 28 


Connecticut River 

do 


Atlantic Ocean 

. ..do 


Bellows Falls, Vt 


46.656 
46.653 


3,030 


28 


do 


3,020 


July 20 


do./ 


do 


Vernon, Vt 


330 















a Does not represent total discharge; a diversion through an old power canal about 1 mile above point 
of measurement. This condition ascertained from a local engineer after measm'ement was made. 

6 No. 1 gate at 0.5 opening; No. 2 gate at 3.3 feet; No. 3 gate at 0.7 opening; 32 feet of flashboards on 
spillway, with considerable leakage. 

c No. 1 gate at 0.5 opening; No. 2 gate at 0.7 opening; No. 3 gate at 0.7 opening; 32 feet of flashboards on 
spillway. 

d No. 1 gate at 0.5 opening; No. 2 gate at 3.75 feet; No. 3 gate at 0.7 opening. 

e No. 1 gate at 0.5 opening; No. 2 gate at 1.0 opening; No. 3 gate at 0.7 opening; very little water leaking 
through flashboards. 

/ Measurement made 1,500 feet below Vernon dam. All wheel gates closed at powerhouse. 



136 



BtJEPACE WATIES OF VEEMOITT, 
CONVENIENT EQUIVALENTS. 



The following is a list of convenient equivalents for use in hydraulic 
computations: 

Table for converting discharge in second-feet per square mile into run-off in depth in inches 

over the area. 



Discliarge 

(second-feat 

per square 

mile). 


Run-ofl (depth in inches). 


Iday. 


28 days. 


29 days. 


30 days. 


31 days. 


1 

2 


0.03719 
.07438 
.11157 
. 14876 
.18595 
.22314 
.26033 
.29752 
.33471 


1.041 
2.083 
3.124 
4.165 
5.207 
6.248 
7.289 
8.331 
9.372 


1.079 
2.157 
3.236 
4.314 
6.393 
6.471 
7.550 
8.628 
9.707 


1.116 
2.231 
3.347 
4.463 
5.578 
6.694 
7.810 
8.926 
10.041 


1.153 
2.306 
3.459 
4.612 
6.764 
6.917 
8.070 
9.223 
10.376 


3 


4 


6 


6 


7 


8 


9 





Note. — For part of a month multiply the run-off for 1 day by the number of days. 

Table for converting discharge in second-feet into run-off in acre-feet. 



Discharge 
(second- 
feet). 


Run-oflE (acre-feet). 


Iday. 


28 days. 


29 days. 


30 days. 


31 days. 


1 


1.983 
3.967 
6.950 
7.934 
9.917 
11.90 
13.88 
15.87 
17.85 


55.54 
111.1 
166.6 
222.1 
277.7 
333.2 
388.8 
444.3 
499.8 


57.52 
115.0 
172.6 
230.1 
287.6 
345.1 
402.6 
400. 2 
517.7 


69.50 
119.0 
178.5 
238.0 
297.5 
357.0 
416.5 
476.0 
535.5 


61.49 
123.0 
184.5 
246.0 
307.4 
368.9 
430.4 
491.9 
553.4 


2 


3 


4 


5 


6 


7. 


8 


9 





Note.— For part of a month multiply the run-off for 1 day by the number of days. 

Table/or converting discharge in second-feet into run-off in millions of cubic feet. 



Discharge 
(second- 
feet). 


Run-off (millions of cubic feet). 


1 day. 


28 days. 


29 days. 


30 days. 


81 days. 


1 


0.0864 
.1728 
.2592 
.3456 
.4320 
.5184 
.6048 
.6912 
.7776 


2.419 
4.838 
7.257 
9.676 
12.10 
14.51 
16.93 
10.35 
21.77 


2.506 
5.012 
7.518 
10.02 
12.53 
15.04 
17.54 
20.65 
22.55 


2.592 
5.184 
7.776 
10.37 
12.96 
15.55 
18.14 
20.74 
23.33 


2.678 
5.356 
8.034 
10.71 
13.39 
16.07 
18.75 
21.42 
24.10 


2 


8 


4 


6 


6 


7 


8 


9 





Note. — For part of a month multiply the run-off for 1 day by the number of days. 



conveniejstt equivalents. 137 

Table for converting discharge in second-feet into run-off in millions of gallons. 



Discharge 
(second- 
feet). 


Run-ofl (millions of gallons). 


1 day. 


28 days. 


29 days. 


30 days. 


31 days. 


1 


0. 6463 

1.293 

1.939 

2.585 

3.232 

3. 878 

4.524 

5.171 

5.817 


18.10 
36.20 
54.30 
72.40 
90.50 
108.6 
126.7 
144. 8 
162.9 


18.74 
37.48 
56.22 
74.96 
93.70 
112.4 
131.2 
149.9 
168.7 


19.39 
38.78 
58.17 
77. 56 
96. 95 
116.3 
135.7 
155. 1 
174.5 


20.04 
40.08 
60.12 
80.16 
100.2 
120.2 
140.3 
160.3 
180.4 


2 


3 


4 


5 


6 


7 


8 


9 





Note. — For part of a month multiply the run-ofi for 1 day by the number of days. 

Table for converting velocity in feet per second into velocity in miles per hour. 

[1 foot per seeond= 0.681818 mile per hour, or two-thirds mile per hour, very nearly; 1 mile per hour= 1.4666 
feet per second. In computing the table the figures 0.68182 and 1.4667 were used.] 



Feet per second 
(units). 


Miles per hour for tenths of foot per second. 





1 


2 


3 


4 


5 


6 


7 


8 


9 





0.000 
.682 
1.36 
2.05 
2.73 
3.41 
4.09 
4.77 
5.45 
6.14 


0.068 
.750 
1.43 
2.11 
2.80 
3.48 
4.16 
4.84 
5.52 
6.20 


0.136 
.818 
1.50 
2.18 
2.86 
3.55 
4.23 
4.91 
5.59 
6.27 


0.205 
.886 
1.57 
2.25 
2.93 
3.61 
4.30 
4.98 
5.66 
6.34 


0.273 
.995 
1.64 
2.32 
3.00 
3.68 
4.36 
5.05 
5.73 
6.41 


0.341 

1.02 

1.70 

2.39 

3.07 

3.75 

4.43 

5.11 

5.80 

6.48 


0.409 

1.09 

1.77 

2.45 

3.14 

3.82 

4.50 

5.18 

5.86 

6.55 


0.477 

1.16 

1.84 

2.52 

3.20 

3.89 

4.57 

5.25 

5.93 

6.61 


0.545 

1.23 

1.91 

2.59 

3.27 

3.95 

4.64 

5.32 

6.00 

6.68 


0.614 

1.30 

1.98 

2.66 

3.34 

4.02 

4.70 

5.39 

6.07 

6.75 


1 


2 


3 


4 


5 


6 


7 


8 


9 





Table for converting discharge in second-feet into theoretical horsepower per foot of fall. 
[1 second-foot= 0.1136 theoretical horsepower per foot of fall. Weight of 1 cubic foot of water=62.5 pounds.] 



Tens. 


Units. 





1 


2 


3 


4 


5 


6 


7 


8 


9 





0.00 
1.14 
2.27 
3.41 
4.54 
5.68 
6.82 
7.95 
9.09 
10.2 


0.114 
1.25 
2.39 
3.52 
4.66 
5.79 
6.93 
8.07 
9.20 
10.3 


0.227 
1.36 
2.50 
3.64 
4.77 
5.91 
7.04 
8.18 
9.32 
10.5 


0.341 
1.48 
2.61 
3.75 
4.88 
6.02 
7.16 
8.29 
9.43 
10.6 


0.454 
1.59 
2.73 
3.86 
5.00 
6.13 
7.27 
8.41 
9.54 
10.7 


0.568 
1.70 
2.84 
3.98 
5.11 
6.25 
7.38 
8.52 
9.66 
10.8 


0.682 

1.82 
2.95 
4.09 
5.23 
6.36 
7. .50 
8.63 
9.77 
10.9 


0.795 
1.93 
3.07 
4.20 
5.34 
6.48 
7.61 
8.75 
9.88 
11.0 


0.909 

2.04 

3.18 

4.32 

5.45 

6.59 

7.72 

8.86 

10.0 

11.1 


1.02 
2.16 
3.29 
4.43 
5.57 
6.70 
7.84 
8.97 
10.1 
11.2 


1 


2 


3 


4 


5 


6 


7 


8 


9 





1 second -foot equals 40 California miner's Indies (law of Mar. 23, 1901). 

1 second -foot equals 38.4 Colorado miner's inches. 

1 second-foot equals 40 Arizona miner's inches. 

1 second-foot equals 7.48 United States gallons per second; equals 448.8 gallons per 
minute; equals 646,317 gallons for one day. 

1 second-foot for one year (365 days) covers 1 square mile 1.131 feet, or 13.572 inches 
deep. 

1 second -foot for one year (365 days) equals 31,536,000 cubic feet. 

1 second-foot equals about 1 acre-inch per hour. 



138 SURFACE WATERS OF VERMONT. 

1 second-foot for one year (365 days) equals 724 acre-feet. 

1 second-foot for one day equals 86,400 cubic feet. 

1,000,000,000 (1 United States billion) cubic feet equals 11,570 second -feet for one 

day. 

1,000,000,000 cubic feet equals 414 second-feet for one 28-day month. 

1,000,000,000 cubic feet equals 399 second-feet for one 29-day month. 

1,000,000,000 cubic feet equals 386 second-feet for one 30-day month. 

1,000,000,000 cubic feet equals 373 second-feet for one 31-day month. 

100 California miner's inches equals 18.7 United States gallons per second. 

100 CaUfomia miner's inches for one day equals 4.96 acre-feet. 

100 Colorado miner's inches equals 2.60 second-feet. 

100 Colorado miner's inches equals 19.5 United States gallons per second. 

100 Colorado miner's inches for one day equals 5.17 acre-feet. 

100 United States gallons per minute equals 0.223 second-foot. 

100 United States gallons per minute for one day equals 0.442 acre-foot. 

1,000,000 United States gallons per day equals 1.55 second-feet. 

1,000,000 United States gallons equals 3.07 acre-feet. 

1,000,000 cubic feet equals 22.95 acre-feet. 

1 acre-foot equals 325,850 gallons. 

1 inch deep on 1 square mile equals 2,323,200 cubic feet. 

1 inch deep on 1 square mile equals 0.0737 second-foot per year. 

1 foot equals 0.3048 meter. 

1 mile equals 1.60935 kilometers. 

1 mile equals 5,280 feet. 

1 acre equals 0.4047 hectare. 

1 acre equals 43,560 square feet. 

1 acre equals 209 feet square, nearly. 

1 square mile equals 2.59 square kilometers. 

1 cubic foot equals 0.0283 cubic meter. * 

1 cubic foot of water weighs 62.5 pounds. 

1 cubic meter per minute equals 0.5886 second-foot. 

1 horsepower equals 550 foot-pounds per second. 

1 horsepower equals 76.0 kilogram-meters per second. 

1 horsepower equals 746 watts. 

1 horsepower equals 1 second -foot falling 8.80 feet. 

IJ horsepower equals about 1 kilowatt. 

^ , , . , , Second -feetX fall in feet ^ , 

To calculate water power quickly. yi =net horsepower on 

water wheel realizing 80 per cent of theoretical power. 



GAZETTEEE OF STREAMS. 

The streams, lakes, and ponds described in the following pages 
include those named on topographic maps of Vermont surveyed and 
published by the United States Geological Survey in cooperation 
v/ith the State and covering parts of western and southern Vermont, 
on the post-route map of Vermont, and on a map published by George 
H. Walker & Co. (Boston) in 1906. Colton's railroad and township 
map of Vermont, published in 1864, has been consulted, and use has 
also been made of private surveys and of maps compiled by engineer- 
ing corporations. 

Each stream is described as rising near the point at which the 
head of the upper tributary apparently draining the largest area is 
shown on the map, and the elevation of that point is given as the 
elevation of the source. This method does not give results of great 
precision, but it probably causes no greater errors in the determina- 
tion of length and faU than would be caused by extending each 
stream to the head of the divide between its basin and that of the 
adjoining streams. It should be understood, however, that aU state- 
ments of elevation, length, and fall are merely approximate. 

Topographic sheets used in the preparation of the gazetteer are 
listed below. An index map showing the area covered by each sheet 
may be obtained by applying to the Director of the United States 
Geological Survey, Washington, D. C. 



Becket. 


Fort Ann. 


Pawlet. 


Wallingford. 


Bennington. 


Greenfield. 


Plattsburg. 


Warwick. 


Berlin. 


Greylock. 


Port Henry. 


Whitefield. 


Brandon. 


Hanover. 


Rochester.! 


Whitehall. 


Brattleboro. 


Hawley. 


Rouses Poitit. 


Willsboro. 


Burlington. 


Hoosick. 


Rutland. 


Wilmington. 


Cambridge. 


Keene. 


St. Albans. 


Woodstock. 


Castleton. 


Londonderry. 


Schuylerville. 




Cohoes. 


Middlebury. 


Strafford. 




Equinox. 


Milton. 


Ticonderoga. 





Abbey Brook. — Chittenden County; a small stream that enters Browns River 
(tributary through Lamoille River to Lake Champlain and thus through Riche- 
lieu River to the St. Lawrence) from the east in the town of Essex. Milton 
sheet. 

Abbott Brook. — Orange County; rises in the northern part of the town of Strafford 
on McMaster Hill, at an altitude of 1,700 feet above sea level; flows south- 
eastward 4J miles and joins West Branch of Ompompanoosuc River (tributary 



1 Rochester sheet will be ready for distribution about August, 1917. 



139 



140 SUEFACE WATERS OP VERMONT. 

through. Ompompanoosuc River to the Connecticut) at Campbell Corner in the 
southwestern part of Thetford; fall, 1,000 feet; principal tributary, a stream from 
Miller Pond. Strafford sheet. 

Acton Brook. — ^Windham County; a stream about 5 miles long, rising in the north- 
western part of Townshend and flowing west of south into West River (tributary 
to the Connecticut). Walker map. 

Adam Pond. — Windham County; easternpartof the town of Jamaica; outlet, a stream 
about a mile long flowing south of west into West River (tributary to the Connecti- 
cut); altitude, about 840 feet; area, 10 acres. Londonderry sheet. 

Adams Brook. — Lamoille County; rises in the eastern part of the town of Eden; 
flows southwestward and southward to Green River (tributary through Lamoille 
River to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Law- 
rence); about 5 miles Jong. Colton map and Walker map. 

Adams Brook. — ^Windham County; a stream about 3 miles long, rising in the north- 
western part of the town of Marlboro and flowing southeastward into Marlboro 
Branch (tributary through West River to the Connecticut). Wilmington and 
Brattleboro sheets. 

Alder Brook. — Addison County; rises in northern part of Ripton; flows southwest- 
ward into North Branch of Middlebury River (tributary through Middlebury 
River and Otter Creek to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to 
the St. Lawrence); about 2 miles long. Walker map; Middlebury sheet. 

Alder Brook. — Caledonia County; rises in the northern part of Hard wick; flows 
southward into Lamoille River (tributary to Lake Champlain and thus through 
Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence); about 3 miles long. Colton map and 
Walker map. 

Alder Brook. — Chittenden County; rises in the southwestern part of Westford; 
flows southward to its junction with Winooski River (tributary to Lake Cham- 
plain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence) in the southern 
part of Essex Township; about 6 miles long. Walker map and Milton sheet. 

Alder Brook. — Essex County; rises in the northern part of the town of Victory; 
flows southeastward 3 miles into Moose River (tributary through Passumpsic 
River to the Connecticut). Walker map. 

Alder Brook. — Orleans County; rises in the southern part of the town of Coventry; 
flows northeastward and eastward 3 miles into Barton River (tributary through 
Lake Memphremagog to Magog and St. Franeis rivers and thus to the St. Law- 
rence). Walker map. 

Alder Brook, North. — Bennington County; rises in the eastern part of Sunderland, 
at an altitude of 2, 880 feet above sea level; flows west and southwest to its junc- 
tion with South Alder Brook to form Roaring Branch (tributary through Batten 
Kill to Hudson River); length. If miles; fall, 640 feet. Equinox sheet. 

Alder Brook, South. — Bennington Coimty ; rises in the southeastern part of Sunder- 
land, at an altitude of 3,000 feet above sea level; flows northward and northwest- 
ward to its jimction with North Alder Brook to form Roaring Branch (tributary to 
Batlien Kill and thus to the Hudson); length, If miles; fall, 760 feet. Equinox 
sheet. 

Alder Meadow Brook. — ^Addison County; rises in the northern part of the town 
of Granville; flows eastward 1 mile, then west of south 5 miles to a point near 
Granville post office, where it joins Patterson Brook to form the head of White 
River (tributary to the Connecticut). Walker map and Rochester sheet. 

Alder Meadow Brook. — Windsor County; rises in the northwestern part of Hart- 
land, at an altitude of 1,240 feet; flows southeastward into Lulls Brook (tribu- 
tary to the Connecticut) at Hartland Four Corners; fall, 610 feet; length, 4 miles. 
JSaiiover sheet. 



GAZETTEER OF STREAMS. 141 

A.LGER Brook. — Orange County; a stream about 1^ miles long, draining a small area 
in the east-central part of the town of Strafford, flowing south westward, and dis- 
charging into West Branch of Ompompanoosuc River (tributary through Om- 
pompanoosuc River to the Connecticut) three-fourths of a mile southeast of 
the mouth of Patterson Brook. Strafford sheet. 

Allbee Brook. — Addison County; rises in the southern part of the town of Granville; 
flows north of east 2 miles into White River (tributary to the Connecticut), 
Walker map and Rochester sheet. 

Allen Brook. — Chittenden County; rises northwest of Cobble Hill in the southern 
part of the town of Milton; flows northward 1 mile, then turns abruptly and flows 
in general southwesterly 5 miles to its junction with Malletts Creek (tributary to 
Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence); inter- 
mittent at head and marshy near mouth. Milton sheet. 

Allen Brook.^ — Chittenden County; rises in the south-central pai't of Williston; at 
an altitude of 750 feet above sea level; flows somewhat east of north about 3 miles 
to Williston, where it turns and flows irregularly northwestward to its junction 
with Muddy Brook, a short distance above the entrance of the latter into Winooski 
River (tributary to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the 
St. Lawrence); length about 8 miles; total fall, 550 feet; course very crooked. 
Walker map and Burlington sheet. 

AscuTNEY Pond. — ^Windsor County; very small; in the course of Mill River about 
IJ miles west of its junction with Connecticut River. Walker map. 

Atwood Brook. — ^Windsor County; rises in the northern part of Bridgewater, at an 
altitiide of 2,220 feet; flows southeastward into Gulf Stream (tributary through 
Barnard Brook to Ottauquechee River and thus to the Connecticut) in the west- 
ern corner of Pomfret; fall, 1,320 feet; length, 3J miles. Woodstock sheet. 

Austin Brook. — ^Addison County; rises in the northern part of Granville; flows 
northward into Mad River (tributary through Winooski River to Lake Cham- 
plain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence); very short. 
Walker map. 

Austin Pond. — Rutland County; central part of town of Hubbard ton; inlets from 
Beebe Pond (tributary from Keeler Pond) and Roach Pond; outlet, a stream 
three-fourths mile long flowing southward into the north end of Bomoseen Lake 
(outlet through Castleton River to Poultney River and thus through Lake Cham- 
plain to Richelieu River and the St. Lawrence); elevation above sea, 468 feet; 
fall of outlet, 55 feet. Castleton sheet. 

AvERiLL Brook. — Essex County; stream about 2 miles long, rising in the western 
part of the town of Averill and joining Black Branch (tributary to Nulhegan 
River and thus to the Connecticut) in the northern part of the town of Lewis. 
Walker map and private surveys. 

Averill Stream. — Essex County; rises in the isoutheastem part of the town ot Norton 
as a small stream flowing into Little Averill Pond; flows northward to Great 
Averill Pond, from the northwestern corner of which it flows northwestward into 
Coaticook River (tributary through Massawippi River to St. Francis River and 
thus to the St. Lawrence). Walker map. 

Avery Brook. — Windsor and Orange counties; rises in the northwestern part of the 
town of Norwich, Windsor County; flows southeastward 1 mile, then northeast- 
ward 2 miles to Union Village in the southern part of the town of Thetf ord , where 
it joins West Branch of Ompompanoosuc River (tributary through Ompompanoo- 
suc River to the Connecticut). Strafford sheet. 

Ayers Brook. — ^Washington and Orange counties; rises in the southeastern part of 
the town of Roxbury, Washington County; flows southeastward across the western 
comer of Brookfield and the eastern corner of Braintree and joins the Third Branch 
of White River (tributary through White River to the Connecticut) in the western 
part of the tovra of Randolph, Orange County; length, about 10 miles. Post- 
route map and Walker map. 



142 SURFACE WATERS OF VERMONT. 

B. 

Babcock Brook. — ^Windsor County: rises in a swamp in the northwestern part of 
Hartland, at an altitude of about 1,000 feet; flows northward into Ottau- 
quechee River (tributary to the Connecticut); fall, 365 feet; length, 3 miles. 
Hanover sheet. 

Bachelor Brook. — Orleans County; a stream rising in the central part of the town 
of Holland and flowing northwestward into Stanstead, where it joins Johns River 
(tributary through Lake Memphremagog to Magog and St. Francis rivers and 
thus to the St. Lawrence). Walker map and Carte Regionale No. 5 of Quebec. 

Bailey Brook. — ^Windsor County; rises in the western part of Reading, at an altitude 
of 1,960 feet; flows south of east 4 miles to Bailey Mills, where it joins Mill River 
(tributary to the Connecticut); fall, 910 feet. Woodstock sheet. 

Baker Brook. — Rutland County; rises on the southeastern slope of Dutch Hill, 
north of Danby Pond, near the central part of the town of Danby, at an altitude 
of 1,500 feet above sea level; flows northward about 2 miles, then turns abruptly 
and flows east and southeast to its junction with Otter Creek (tributary to Lake 
Champlain and thus through Richelieu Ri^'er to the St. Lawrence), 2 miles 
south of South Wallingford; length, 5^ miles; fall, 870 feet. Pawlet and 
Wallingford sheets. 

Baker Brook. — Windham County; rises in the southeastern part of the town of 
Wardsboro, at an altitude of 1,640 feet above sea level; flows southeastward 8 
miles to Williamsville in Newfane where it joins Marlboro Branch (tributary 
through West River to the Connecticut); fall, 1,120 feet. Londonderry, Wil- 
mington, and Brattleboro sheets. 

Bald Hill Pond. — Caledonia County; eastern part of the town of Westmore, at the 
head of Passumpsic River (tributary to Connecticut River). Walker map. 

Baldwin Creek. — Addison County; rises in the southeastern part of Starksboro; 
flows westward into the northeastern part of Bristol Township, then southward 
into New Haven River (tributary through Otter Creek to Lake Champlain and 
thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence) at Ackworth; length, about 6 
miles; fall between South Starksboro and Ackworth (3 J miles), 500 feet, of 
which about 400 feet occurs in the mile and a half just below South Starksboro; 
tributary, Beaver Brook. Middlebury sheet and Walker map. 

Ball Mountain Brook. — Windham County; rises on the southeast slope of Stratton 
Mountain in the town of Stratton, its headwaters including several streams starting 
3,000 feet or more above sea level and flowing southeastward; from the eastern 
part of the town of Stratton the brook flows northeastward to Jamaica, where it 
joins West River (tributary to the Connecticut); length, about 12 miles; principal 
tributary. North Branch. Londonderry sheet. 

Ball Mountain Brook, North Branch. — Windham County; rises, at an altitude 
of 2,700 feet, on the north slope of Stratton Mountain in the town of Stratton; 
flows northeastward 1 mile into Winhall, Bennington County, then southeast- 
ward 6 miles into Jamaica, where it joins Ball Mountain Brook (tributary through 
West River to the Connecticut); fall, 1,740 feet. Londonderry sheet. 

Barber Pond. — Bennington County; central part of Pownal; area, 17 acres; alti- 
tude, 1,100 feet; inlet and outlet. South Stream, a branch of Walloomsac River 
(tributary through Hoosic River to the Hudson). Bennington sheet. 

Barker Brook. — Orange County; rises in the northeastern part of the town of 
Strafford; flows southeastward about 3 miles into Thetford , where it joins Ompom- 
panoosuc River (tributary to the Connecticut). Strafford sheet. 

Barnard Brook. — Windsor County; rises in the eastern part of Barnard, at an 
altitude of 1,620 feet; flows southeastward through the southwestern corner of 
Pomfret into the town of Woodstock, where it receives Gulf Stream, its largest 
branch; continues southward a mile and joins Ottauquechee River (tributary 



GAZETTEER OF STREAMS. 143 

to the Connecticut) about a mile north of Woodstock; numerous unnamed 
branches; length, 9 miles; fall, 950 feet. Woodstock sheet. 

Bartlbtt Brook. — ^Windsor County; rises in the southwestern part of the town of 
Stockbridge, at an altitude of 2,060 feet; flows northeastward to Tweed River 
half a mile above its confluence with White River (tributary to the Connecticut); 
length, 2 J miles; fall, 740 feet. Rochester and Milton sheets. 

Barton River. — Orleans County; rises in Runaway Pond in the southern part of 
Glover; flows northward across Glover, Barton, and the eastern comer of Irasburg 
to its entrance into Lake Memphremagog (outlet through Magog and St. 
Francis rivers to the St. Lawrence) in Coventry; about 18 miles long; 
tributaries include Beaver Meadow, Roaring, Graves, Trout, and Alder brooks, 
Willoughby River (tributary from Willoughby Lake), and streams from Stones 
and Long ponds, Crystal Lake, and Brownington Pond. Geology of Vermont, 
1861; Col ton map, Walker map, and post-route map. See Runaway Pond. 

Bashan Brook. — ^Windsor County; rises near the northern boundary of Windsor, at 
an altitude of 850 feet; flows southeast about IJ miles, then northeast about one- 
third of a mile into Connecticut River; fall, 550 feet. Hanover sheet. 

Basin Brook. — Bennington County; rises in the western part of Glastonbury, on the 
western slope of Green Mountains, at an altitude of 3,200 feet; flows southwest- 
ward about 3 miles into Furnace Brook, a branch of Walloomsac River (tributary 
through Hoosic River to the Hudson) ; fall, 1, 960 feet. Bennington sheet. 

Batchellor Brook. — Orange County; town of Braintree; a small eastward-flowing 
tributary of the Third Branch of White River (tributary through White River to 
the Connecticut). Rochester sheet. 

Batten Kill. — Bennington Cotmty; rises, as Mad Tom Brook, on the southern slope 
of Mount Tabor, at an altitude of 2,900 feet above sea level; flows southward and 
southwestward to East Dorset, where it takes the name of Batten Kill, and thence 
in general southwestward about 15 miles, then turns more to the west and crosses 
Wa<^liiQgton County, N. Y., to its junction with Hudson River. From source 
. to mouth following the major windings it measures more than 50 miles; its 
drainage basin comprises about 460 ^ square miles. The basin lies on the western 
slopes of the Green Mountains and in Washington Coimty is crossed by three 
minor ranges rxmning northeast and southwest. The ranges have steep slopes 
and are composed largely of slate rocks whose disintegration has given the high- 
lands a very fertile soil. 

The principal tributaries of Batten Kill are West Branch, Roaring Branch, 
Green River, Black Creek, and Whitaker Brook, the last-named being the 
outlet of Cossayuna Lake. 

The elevation of the stream at East Dorset is about 800 feet above sea level; 
at its mouth it is somewhat less than 100 feet, making the total fall below East 
Dorset 700 feet. The stream is subject to heavy freshets and rims of ice, but the 
high water quickly subsides. It is fed largely by springs and the dry-season flow 
is well sustained. It is one of the best mill streams tributary to the Hudson and 
much of the available power is developed. See Tenth Census, vol. 16; also Wall- 
ingford, Londondeny, Pawlet, Equinox, Cambridge, and Schuylerville sheets. 

Batten Kill, West Branch. — Bennington County; rises on the northern slope of 
Bear Moimtain, in the southeastern part of the town of Rupert, 2J miles south- 
west of Dorset, at an altitude of about 2, 500 feet above sea level ; flows eastward 
about 2 miles, then turns and flows southeastward to its junction with Batten 
Kill (tributary to Hudson River) near Manchester Center; length, about 9 miles; 
fall, 1,800 feet, of which 1,600 feet occurs in the first 2 miles of course. Equinox 
sheet. 

Beautiful Lake. — See Caspian Lake. 

1 Rafter, G. W., Hydrology of the State of New York: New York State Mus. Bull. 85, p. 266, 1905. 
73175°— wsp 424—17 10 



144 SURFACE WATERS. OP VERMONT. 

Beaver Branch. — ^Addison County; rises in the eastern part of Cornwall, at an ele- 
vation of 440 feet above sea level; flows southward about 2 miles, westward half 
a mile, and then northward 2^ miles to its jtmction with Lemon Fair River (trib- 
utary through Otter Creek to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu 
River to the St. Lawrence); length, about 5 miles; fall, 310 fee*. Brandon 
sheet. 

Beaver Branch. — Addison County; rises in the southeastern part of Middlebiu-y, at 
an altitude of 520 feet above sea level; flows southwestward into Middlebury River 
(tributary through Otter Creek to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu 
River to the S t. Lawrence) ; 1^ miles west of East Middlebury ; length, 2^ miles ; fall, 
140 feet. Brandon sheet. 

Beaver Broox. — Addison County; rises on the eastern slope of Hogback Mountains, 
in the western part of Starksboro, at an altitude of 1,000 feet above sea level; flows 
southward about 3J miles to Baldwin Creek (tributary through New Haven 
River to Otter Creek and thus through Lake Champlain and Richelieu River 
to the St. Lawrence); fall, 360 feet. Middlebmy sheet. 

Beaver Brook. — Chittenden County; rises in the northwestern part of Jericho; flows 
northward into Lamoille River (tributary through Lake Champlain and Riche- 
lieu River to the St. Lawrence); about 4 miles long. Walker map. 

Beaver Brook. — ^Windsor County; rises in the northern part of West Windsor, at an 
altitude of 1,260 feet; flows southward into Mill River (tributary to the Connecti- 
cut); length, 4 J miles. Hanover sheet and Walker map. 

Beaver Meadow Brook. — Franklin County; rises in the northern part of Fairfax; 
flows in a general southerly course to its junction with Lamoille River (tributary 
to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence); 
about 6 miles long; tributary, stream from Silver Lake. Colton map. Walker 
map, post-route map, and Milton sheet. 

Beaver Meadow Brook. — Orange County; rises in western part of the town of Ver- 
shire, at an altitude of 2,000 feet; flows southwest into Jenken Brook, tributary 
to East (First) Branch of White River (tributary through White River to the Con- 
necticut); length, about 3 miles. Strafford sheet. 

Beaver Meadow Brook. — Orleans County; town of Glover; a small stream dis- 
charging into Barton River (tributary to Lake Memphremagog and thus through 
Magog and St. Francis rivers to the St, Lawrence) near Glover post office. 
Walker map. 

Beaver Pond. — Orleans County; northeastern part of the town of Holland; connec- 
ted by a short westward-flowing stream with Holland Pond, head of Holland 
Brook (tributary through Johns River to Lake Memphremagog and thus thi'ough 
Magog and St. Francis rivers to the St. Lawrence). Walker map and Carte 
Regionale No. 5 of Quebec. 

Beeee Pond. — Bennington County; southeastern part of Sunderland; 1 inlet; out- 
let, a stream one-foiu-th mile long flowing westward to South Alder Brook (tribu- 
tary through Roaring Branch to Batten Kill and thus to the Hudson); eleva- 
tion above sea level, 2,330 feet; fall of outlet, 60 feet. Equinox sheet. 

Beebe Pond. — Rutland County; north-central part of town of Hubbardton; inlet 
from Keeler Pond; outlet, a stream 1 mile long flowing southward into Austin 
Pond (outlet to Bomoseen Lake and thus through Castleton and Poultney rivers 
to Lake Champlain, Richelieu River, and the St. Lawrence) area, 76 acres; 
elevation above sea level, 622 feet; fall of outlet, 154 feet. Castleton sheet. 

Bee Brook. — Rutland Coimty; a stream IJ miles long rising northwest of Bloodroot 
Moimtaia and flowing southwestward into Furnace Brook (tributary thi'ough 
Otter Creek to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. 
Lawrence). Rochester sheet. 



GAZETTEER OF STREAMS. 145 

Beetle Brook. — Orleans County; rises in the eastern part of Troy; flows westward 
into Missisquoi River (tributary to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu 
River to the St. Lawrence) near Westfield; about 3 miles ong. Walker map. 

Benedict Hollow Brook. — Bennington County; a small stream draining the area 
between Big Spruce Mountain and The Ball, in the town of Arlington, and flow- 
ing northeastward into Batten Kill (tributary to the Hudson) between Arlington 
and West Ai'lington. Equinox sheet. 

Berlin Pond. — Washington County; southern part of town of Berlin; one inflowing 
stream; natural outlet, a stream about 2 miles long flowing northeastward to 
Stevens Brook (tributary through Winooski River to Lake Champlain and thus 
through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence); about IJ miles long; a source of 
water supply for the city of Montpelier. Colton map. Walker map, and post- 
route map. 

Bickford Hollow Brook. — Bennington County; rises in the Green Mountains in 
the western part of Glastonbury, at an altitude of 2,800 feet; flows west of south 
into Walloomsac Brook (River), a branch of Hoosic River (tributary to the Hud- 
son), in the northwestern part of Woodford; receives many small branches from 
the Green Mountains; fall, 1,500 feet; length, 5 miles. Bennington sheet. 

Bicknell Brook. — Orange County; rises in the southeastern part of the town of 
Chelsea at an altitude of 1,800 feet; flows northwestward into East (First) Branch 
of White River (tributary to the Connecticut); length, about 3 miles. Strafford 
sheet. 

Big Branch. — Rutland County; rises in the eastern part of the town of Mount Tabor, 
at an altitude of 2,200 feet above sea level; flows westerly to its junction with 
Otter Creek (tributary to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to 
the St. Lawrence) near Mount Tabor; length, about 7 miles; fall, 1,550 feet, of 
which 800 feet occurs in about 3 miles just below Griffith; principal tributary, 
Roaring Brook, wliich flows from Buffum Pond. WalUngford sheet. 

Big Fish Pond. — Orleans County; northern part of the town of Sutton; inlets from 
two small ponds; outlet, a short stream flowing westward into Blake Pond (outlet 
through Crystal Lake to Barton River and thus through Lake Memphremagog to 
Magog and St. Francis rivers to the St. Lawrence). Walker map. 

Big Pond.^ — -Bennington County; north-central part of Woodford; altitude, 2,263 feet; 
area, 29 acres; outlet, City Stream to Walloomsac Brook (River), a branch of the 
Hoosic River (tributary to the Hudson). Bennington sheet. 

Bill Brook.— Windham County; rises in Ray Pond in the eastern part of the town 
of Wilmington; flows northwestward 2 J miles into North Branch of Deerfield 
River (tributary through Deerfield River to the Connecticut); fall, 250 feet. 
Wilmington sheet. 

Billings Pond. — Bennington County; a small pond in the northeastern part of Wood- 
ford; inlet and outlet, Rake Branch (tributary through Deerfield River to the 
Connecticut); altitude, 2,100 feet. Bennington sheet. 

Bingham Brook. — Chittenden County; rises 1^ miles southwest of East Charlotte, 
at an altitude of 330 feet above sea level; flows northward into Mud Hollow Brook 
(tributary through La Platte River to Lake Champlain and thus through Riche- 
lieu River to the St. Lawrence); length, 2 miles; fall, 60 feet. Burlington sheet. 

BiNNEY Brook. — ^Windham County; rises in the northwestern part of Wilmington, 
on the southern slope of Haystack Mountain; flows southeasterly about 3^ miles 
into North Branch of Deerfield River (tributary through Deerfield River to the 
Connecticut) in the west central part of Wilmington. Wilmington sheet. 

Black Branch. — Essex Coimty; rises in the eastern part of the town of Lewis; flows 
in a southerly direction about 10 miles into Nulhegan River (tributary to the 
Connecticut) in the northern part of the town of Brunswick; called Logger Brook 



146 SURFACE WATERS OF VERMONT. 

between the mouth of Averill Brook and the West Branch; drainage area, approxi- 
mately 25 square miles; principal tributary, West Branch, which drains Lewis 
Pond. Walker map and private surveys. 

Black Brook. — Bennington County; rises in the southwestern part of Sunderland, 
at an altitude of 2,120 feet above sea level; flows southward 1 mile to its junction 
with Fay ville Branch (tributary through Roaring Branch to Batten Kill and thus 
to the Hudson); fall, ^0 feet. Eqtdnox sheet. 

Black Brook. — Bennington and Windham counties; rises in the eastern part of 
the town of Sunderland, at an altitude of 2,600 feet above sea level; flows south- 
eastward 4 miles into East Branch of Deei^field River (tributary through Deerfield 
River to the Connecticut); fall, 440 feet. Equinox and Londonderry sheets. 

Black Creek. — Franklin County; rises in Metcalf Pond, in the northern part of 
Fletcher; flows southeastward into the northern part of Cambridge, where it turns 
abruptly and flows northward and northwestward, passing across Fletcher, the 
southwestern corner of Bakersfield, and the northeastern part of Fairfield to its 
junction with Missisquoi River (tributary to Lake Champlain and thus through 
Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence) in Sheldon; about 20 miles long; principal 
tributaries, Fairfield River, Cedar Swamp Brook, and streams from Trout Lake 
and Fairfield Pond. Colton map. Walker map, and post-route map. 

Black Pond. — Essex County; town of Brighton; outlet, a short stream flowing south- 
westward into Island Pond, the head of Clyde River (tributary through Lake 
Memphremagog to Magog and St. Francis rivers and thus to the St. Lawrence). 
Walker map. 

Black Pond. — ^Windsor County; in the northwestern part of Plymouth; altitude, 
1,370 feet; inlet, a stream from Plymouth Pond; outlet, Black River (tributary to 
the Connecticut); small. Rutland sheet. 

Black River. — Orleans County; rises in EUgo Pond, in the western part of the town 
of Greensboro; flows northwestward to North Craftsbury, where its course becomes 
first northerly and then northeasterly, in which direction it crosses Albany, Iras- 
burg, and Coventry to Newport, where it enters Lake Memphremagog (outlet 
through Magog and St. Francis rivers to the St. Lawrence); about 26 miles long; 
principal tributaries, Seaver, Lord, Mill, and Chamberlain brooks. Colton map, 
Walker map, and post-route map. 

Black River. — Rutland and Windsor counties; rises on Shrewsbury Peak, at an 
altitude of 3,200 feet above sea level, in the northeastern part of the town of 
Shrewsbury, Rutland County, and flows southeasterly, crossing Plymouth, 
Cavendish, and Weathersfield, and discharging into Connecticut River in the 
southern part of the town of Springfield. The river is remarkable for the number 
of natural ponds in its course, and it furnishes power for manufacturing in 
Ludlow, Proctorsville, Cavendish, Perkinsville, and Springfield. Among the 
ponds in the drainage basin are two bearing the name "Plymouth," one in the 
northwestern part of the town of Plymouth and the other in the southeastern; 
length, 35 miles; branches named on Walker map are Tinker, Great Roaring, 
Buffalo, Money, Little Roaring, and Sewell brooks, and Twenty-mile Stream; 
ponds. Black, Plymouth (2), Reading, Horton, and Patch's. Walker map and 
Rutland and Woodstock sheets. 

Blake Pond. — Orleans County; northwestern part of the town of Sutton, near the 
base of Mount Horr; the largest of a group of small ponds connected by short 
streams; outlet, a stream 4 miles long flowing northwestward into Crystal Lake 
(outlet to Barton River and thus through Lake Memphremagog and Magog and 
St. Francis rivers to the St. Lawrence). Walker map. 

Blake Pond. — See Silver Lake. 



GA2ETTEEB OF STEEAMS. 147 

Blind Brook. — Bennington County; rises in the northeastern part of Glastonbury 
at an altitude of 2,960 feet; flows south of east into a headwater tributary of Deer- 
field River (tributary to the Connecticut); fall, 860 feet; length, 2^ miles. Ben- 
nington sheet. 

Bliss Pond. — Washington. County; IJ miles south of Curtis Pond, in western part of 
Calais; outlet, eastward to Kingsbury Brook (tributary through Winooski River 
to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence). 
Walker map. 

Bloody Brook. — Orange County; rises in the eastern part of the town of West Fair- 
lee; flows west of south about 3 miles into Fairlee Lake (outlet through Ompom- 
panoosuc River to the Connecticut). Walker map. 

Bloody Brook. — Windsor County; rises on Gile Moimtain, at an altitude of 1,600 
feet above sea level, in the northern part of the town of Norwich; flows south- 
easterly 8 miles to its junction with Connecticut River at Lewiston;.fall, 1,280 
feet, of which only 100 feet is below Norwich; principal tributaries. New Boston, 
Charles Brown, and Brag brooks. Strafford and Hanover sheets. 

Blue Brook. — Windham County; rises in southeastern part of the town of Stratton 
at an altitude 2,600 feet above sea level; flows southeasterly 5 miles into North 
Branch of Deerfield River (tributary through Deerfield River to the Connecticut); 
fall, 840 feet.' Wilmington sheet. 

Bog Brook. — Essex Coimty; formed by Umpire and Mill brooks which unite in the 
central part of the town of Victory; flows southeastward 1 mile into Moose River 
(tributary through Passumpsic River to the Connecticut). Walker map. 

BoGUES Brook. — Franklin County; rises in the eastern part of Bakersfield; flows 
northwestward to its junction with Tylers Branch (tributary through Missisquoi 
River to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence) 
near West Enosbxug; about 6 miles long. Walker map. 

Bolles Brook. — See Walloomsac River. 

BoMOSEEN Lake. — Rutland County; southern part of Hubbardton and western part 
of Castleton; inlets. Sucker Brook and streams from a number of small ponds and 
lakes; outlet, a stream one-fourth mile long flowing southwestward to Castleton 
River (tributary through Poultney River to Lake Champlain and thus through 
Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence) near Hydeville; elevation above sea level, 
413 feet; fall of outlet, about 35 feet; extreme length of lake, 7J miles; maximum 
width, about IJ miles; area, 2,450 acres; contains several islands; upper end 
swampy; receives overflow from Austin Pond (which drains Beebe, Keeler, and 
Roach ponds), Half Moon Pond, and Glen Lake. Brandon and Castleton sheets. 

Borden Brook. — Addison County; rises in the southwestern part of the town of 
Hancock, east of the source of Grindstone Brook, and flows north into West Branch 
of White River (tributary through White River to the Connecticut) ; length, about 
2 miles. Walker map and Rochester sheet. 

Bourn Brook. — Bennington County; rises in Bourn Pond, in the northeastern part 
of the town of Sunderland, at an altitude of 2,500 feet above sea level; flows some- 
what east of north 2 miles and then takes a northwesterly course to its junction 
with Batten Kill (tributary to the Hudson) half a mile south of Manchester 
Center; length, about 6 miles; fall, 1,800 feet, of which 1,300 feet occurs within 
1^ miles in its middle course. Londonderry and Equinox sheets. 

Bourn Pond. — Bennington County; northeastern part of Sunderland; one inlet; 
outlet. Bourn Brook to Batten Kill (tributary to Hudson River); elevation above 
sea, 2,500 feet; fall of outlet, 1,800 feet. Equinox sheet. 

Bowleys Pond. — Orleans County; northern part of Coventry; outlet, a stream half 
a mile long flowing southward to Daggetts Pond (tributary through Black River 
to Lake Memphremagog and thus through Magog and St. Francis rivers to the 
St. Lawrence); very small. Walker map. 



148 SUEPACE WATERS OF VEEMONT. 

Brackett Brook. — ^Addison and Orange counties; a small eastward-flowing stream 
tributary to the Third Branch of ^^liite River (tributary through White River to 
the Connecticut) in the town of Braintree. Rochester sheet. 

Bradley Brook. — ^Washington County; rises in the western part of Warren; flows 
eastward into Mad River (tributary through Winooski River to Lake Cham- 
plain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence); about 2 miles 
long. Walker map. 

Brag Brook. — Windsor Coimty; rises in the southern part of the town of Norwich; 
flows eastward 1 mile, then southeastward IJ miles into Bloody Brook (tributary 
to the Connecticut) at the village of Norwich. Hanover sheet. 

Branch Pond. — Bennington County; eastern part of Sunderland; outlet, Branch 
Pond Brook to Roaring Branch (tributary through Batten Kill to the Hudson); 
area, 28 acres; elevation above sea level, 2,630 feet. Equinox sheet. 

Branch Pond Brook. — Bennington County; rises in Branch Pond, in the eastern 
part of Sunderland; at an altitude of 2,630 feet above sea level; flows south- 
westward 2^ miles to its junction with Roaring Brajach (tributary tlu:ough Batten 
Kill to Hudson River); fall, 530 feet. Equinox sheet. 

Branch Pond Stream. — Essex County; rises in the eastern part of the town of East 
Haven; flows southeastward 5 miles, then eastward and northeastward 2 miles to 
its junction with Paul Stream (tributary to Connecticut River) in the southeastern 
part of the town of Ferdinand. Walker map. 

Brandon Brook. — Addison, Windsor, and Rutland counties; rises in the southern 
part of the town of Goshen at an altitude of about 2,700 feet; flows in a general 
northeasterly direction and joins West Branch of White River (tributary through 
White River to the Connecticut) at the village of Robinson; length, about 7 
miles; fall, 1,700 feet; principal tributary. Smith Brook. Rochester sheet. 

Brandy Brook. — Addison County; rises in the eastern part of Ripton; flows south- 
westward to Middlebury River (tributary through Otter Creek to Lake Cham- 
plain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence); about 8 miles 
long. Colton map. Walker map, and Rochester sheet. 

Breakneck Brook. — Windsor County; rises in the western part of the town of Bethel, 
at an altitude of 1,800 feet; flows in a southwesterly direction 3^ miles to White 
River (tributary to the Connecticut); fall, 1,040 feet. Rochester sheet. 

Bridgewater Brook. — ^Windsor County; rises in the northeastern part of Bridge- 
water, at an altitude of 1,920 feet; flows easterly into Gulf Stream (tributary 
through Barnard Brook to Ottauquechee River and thus to the Connecticut) 
in the northwestern corner of Woodstock; fall, 1,100 feet; length, 3J miles. Wood- 
stock sheet. 

Bristol Pond. — ^Addison County; northern part of Bristol; several small inflowing 
streams, two of which come from the western slopes of Hogback Mountains ; outlet. 
Pond Brook to Lewis Creek (tributary to Lake Champlain and thus through 
Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence); elevation above sea level, about 470 
feet; fall of outlet, 140 feet; pond is about half a mile wide by three-fourths 
mile long; area, 196 acres; swampy to the north, south, and west. Middlebury 
sheet. 

Brittain Brook, North. — Rutland County; rises in the southeastern part of the 
town of Hubbardton, at an elevation of 1,200 feet above sea level ; takes a southerly 
and southwesterly course to its junction with Castleton River (tributary through 
Poultney River to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the 
St. Lawrence) in the town of Castleton; length, about 7 miles; total fall, 790 feet, 
of which 300 feet occurs in a little more than a mile at the head of the stream. 
Castleton sheet. 



GAZETTEER OF STREAMS. 149 

Broad Brook. — ^Windham County; formed in the north-central part of the town of 
Guilford by two branches, one draining the southwestern corner of Brattleboro 
and the northwestern corner of Guilford, and the other the central part of GuH- 
ford; from the junction north of Guilford Center the brook flows southeastward 
IJ miles, then northeastward 3 miles into Connecticut River in the northeastern 
part of Vernon; length, to head of longest tributary, 8 miles. Brattleboro sheet. 

Broad Brook. — Windsor County; rises in the eastern part of the town of Barnard; 
flows northward, eastward, then northward into White River (tributary to the 
Connecticut) in the western part of the town of Sharon; length, 5 miles. Walker 
map and Woodstock and Strafford sheets. 

Broad Brook. — See Hale Hollow Brook. 

Brook River. — Orange Coimty; town of Vershire. See Ompompanoosuc River. 

Brooks Pond. — Essex County; central part of the town of Concord; outlet. Minks 
Brook (tributary to Connecticut River). Walker map. 

Brouillard Brook. — Essex County; a stream about 14 miles long, rising in the 
western part of the town of Lemington; floats in a southwesterly direction across 
the southern corner of the town of Averill to the East Branch of Nulhegan River 
(tributary through Nulhegan River to the Connecticut). Walker map and pri- 
vate surveys. 

Brown Brook. — Windsor County; town of Stockbridge; a stream about 1\ miles 
long, rising on the northeastern slope of South Hill, at an altitude of 1,600 feet, 
and flowing northeasterly to Tweed River (tributary through White River to 
the Connecticut); fall, 850 feet. Rochester sheet. 

Brownington Pond. — Orleans County; on line between Salem and Brownington; 
two small inflowing streams; outlet, a stream 3 miles long flowing westward into 
Barton River (tributary through Lake Memphremagog to Magog and St. Francis 
rivers and thus to the St. Lawrence). Walker map. 

Browns River. — Chittenden County; rises on the western slope of the Green Moun- 
tains, in the eastern part of Underhill; flows westward about 9 miles into the 
town of Essex, where it turns and flows northward to its junction with Lamoille 
River (tributary to Lake Champlain and thus tlirough Richelieu River to the 
St. Lawrence), in the town of Fairfax, Franklin County; about 20 miles long; 
principal tributaries, Clay, Mill, and Roaring brooks. Colton map, Walker map, 
and post-route map. 

Bruce Pond. — Caledonia County; western part of the town of Sheffield; outlet, a 
stream about 3 miles long flowing southeasterly into Millers Run (tributary 
through Passumpsic River to the Connecticut). Walker map. 

Buck Pond. — ^Washington County; northern part of Woodbury; outlet southward 
by Kingsbury Brook to Winooski River (tributary to Lake Champlain and thus 
through RicheUeu River to the St. Lawrence) ; about three-fourths mile long. 
Walker map. 

Buffalo Brook. — ^Windsor County; rises in Reading Pond, on the boundary line 
between Reading and Plymouth, and flows southwestward into Plymouth Pond, 
which discharges into Black River (tributary to the Connecticut). Walker map. 

BuFFUM Pond. — Rutland County; southern part of town of Mount Tabor; outlet by 
Roaring Brook to Big Branch (tributary through Otter Creek to Lake Cham- 
plain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence); area, 11 acres; 
elevation above sea level, 2,650 feet; fall of outlet, more than 1,000 feet in about 
4 miles. Wallingford sheet. 

BuGBEE Brook.— Orleans County; rises in the southeastern part of the town of Jay; 
flows north of east into Missisquoi River (tributary to Lake Champlain and thus 
through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence) in Troy Township; 2^ miles long. 
Walker map. 



150 SURFACE WATERS OF VERMONT. 

Burleson Pond. — Franklin County; western part of Berkshire; inlet, Pike River; 
outlet, Pike River to Franklin Pond (outlet to Lake Champlain and thus 
through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence). Walker map. 

BuRNELL Pond. — Rutland County; near Forestdale, in northeastern part of Bran- 
don; one inlet; outlet, a stream one-eighth mile long flowing southward to Neshobe 
River (tributary through Otter Creek to Lake Champlain and thus through 
Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence); elevation above sea level, 480 feet; fall 
of outlet, about 10 feet. Brandon sheet. 

BuRNSiDE Brook. — Essex County; rises between Hubbard Hill and Burnside Moun- 
tain in the northern part of the town of Guildhall; flows southeastward into Gas- 
kill Brook (tributary to Connecticut River); about 3 miles long. Walker map. 

Burr Pond. — Rutland County; southeastern part of Pittsford; outlet, a stream 
nearly half a mile long flowing south of east into East Creek (tributary through. 
Otter Creek to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. 
Lawrence); elevation above sea level, 1,170 feet; fall of outlet, 180 feet. Rut- 
land sheet. 

Burr Pond. — Rutland County; southwestern part of town of Sudbury; inlets, from 
from Huff and Hinkum ponds; outlet, a stream 1 mile long flowing southwest- 
ward to Horton Pond (tributary through Hubbardton and Poultney rivers to 
Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence); ele- 
vation above sea level, 512 feet; area, 73 acres; fall of outlet, 28 feet. Brandon 
sheet. 

Bush Pond.- — ^Windsor County; in the northeastern part of Sharon; small; swampy; 
inlets, two small streams; outlet, a stream about three-fourths of a mile long, 
flowing into Qviation Brook, a branch of White River (tributary to the Connec- 
ticut). Strafford sheet. 

Butler Pond. — ^Rutland County; location, sovithwestern part of Pittsford; outlet, a 
stream 1 mile long flowing southward to Castleton River (tributary through 
Poultney River to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu RiA'^er to the 
St. Lawrence); elevation above sea level, 650 feet; very small. Castleton sheet. 

Button Brook. — Windsor County; rises in the northeastern part of Springfield; 
flows south into Connecticut River in the southeastern part of Springfield just 
north of the junction of Black River with the Connecticut; length, about 4 miles. 
Walker map. 

C. 

Calendar Brook. — Caledonia County; rises in the northern part of the town of 
Sheffield; flows southeastward 12 miles into West Branch of Passumpsic River 
(tributary through Passumpsic River to the Connecticut). Post-route map. 

Camden Valley Creek. — Bennington County; rises in the western part of Sandgate, 
at an altitude of about 1,500 feet above sea level; takes a general southwesterly 
coiurse to its junction with Batten Kill (tributary to the Hudson) in Salem, 
Washington County, N. Y.; length, about 7 miles; fall, about 1,000 feet, of which 
700 feet occurs within 2^ miles at the head of the creek; principal tributary, 
West Camden Creek. Equinox and Cambridge sheets. 

Camp Brook. — ^Windsor County; rises in the western part of the town of Bethel; 
flows southeastward to its junction with Third Branch of White River (tributary 
to White River and thus to the Connecticut) ; length, about 5 miles. Walker map. 

Canee Brook. — Orange County; town of Braintree; a small eastward-flowing tribu- 
tary of Third Branch of White River (tributary through White River to the Con- 
necticut). Rochester sheet. 

Canoe Brook. — ^Windham County; rises in the southwestern part of Putney, at an 
altitude of 1,200 feet; flows southeastward through Putney and the northeastern 
part of Dummerston, where it turns abruptly and flows north about one-third of 
a mile into Connecticut River; fall, 970 feet; length, about 6^ miles. Brattleboro 
sheet. 



GAZETTEER OF STREAMS. 151 

Carman Brook. — Franklin County; rises in the south-central part of the town of 
Highgate; flows northward into Lake Champlain (outlet through Richelieu 
River to the St. Lawrence) at Rock River Bay; about 3 miles long. St. Albans 
sheet. 

Caryl Brook. — ^Rutland County; rises on the eastern slope of Mount Carmel at an 
altitude of 2,500 feet; flows in an easterly direction 4 miles to its junction with 
West Branch of Tweed River (tributary thi-ough White River to the Connecticut) 
at Bayonne Camp; fall, 1,400 feet. Rochester sheet. 

Caspian (or Beautiful) Lake. — Orleans County; southern part of Greensboro; 
several small inflowing streams; outlet, Greensboro Brook to Lamoille River 
(tributary to Lake Champlain and thus through RicheUeu River to the St. Law- 
rence); about 1^ miles long by 1 mile wide. Colton map. Walker map, and post- 
route map. 

Castle Brook. — Bennington and Windham counties; rises in the southeastern part 
of Glastonbury, at an altitude of 2,600 feet; flows eastward about a mUe, then 
northeastward about 2 miles into Deerfield River (tributary to the Connecticut) ; 
fall, 660 feet. Bennington and Wilmington sheets. 

Castleton RrvER. — ^Rutland County; rises in the southwestern part of the town of 
Pittsford, at an altitude of 630 feet above sea level; flows 7 miles east of south, 
then turns abruptly and flows westward to its junction with Poultney River 
(tributary to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Law- 
rence) a mile west of Fair Haven; total length, about 20 miles; fall, 340 feet; 
tributaries, Gully Brook, North Brittain Brook, and outlet stream from Bomoseen 
Lake, which is the largest lake in the drainage basin. 

Of this river Hitchcock saysi^ "It seems remarkable that this small stream 
should rise east of a range of mountains 1,000 feet high, and, after flowing to the 
south for 7 miles, suddenly bend its course at right angles and cut through the 
mountain; especially when an obstruction of a few feet in the gorge would divert 
the stream southeast to Otter Creek at Rutland. As this gorge runs east and west, 
contrary to the most usual direction of excavated valleys in the State, and as it 
is in the region of ciurious and gigantic disturbances of the underlying strata, we 
can but suspect that this valley through [West Rutland and] Ira has been formed 
in some other way than by erosion. Perhaps it originated in a fault among the 
metamorphic schists. ' ' Brandon, Castleton, and Whitehall sheets. 

Catsbow Brook. — Essex County; rises in the southeastern part of the town of 
Granby; flows east of south 6 miles into Connecticut River in the northeastern 
part of the town of Lunenburg. Walker map and Whitefield sheet. 

Cedar Swamp Brook. — Franklin County; rises in the southwestern part of Fairfield; 
flows somewhat east of north about 6 miles, then turns and flows northeast, then 
east to its junction with Black Creek (tributary through Missisquoi River to 
Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence) at St. 
Rocks; about 9 miles long; tributary from Fairfield Pond. Colton map, Walker 
map, and post-route map. 

Center Pond. — Caledonia County; the central part of the town of Newark; outlet, 
a stream 1 mile long flowing southward into Passumpsic River (tributary to 
Coimecticut River) . Walker map . 

Chalmers Brook. — Orange County; rises in the western part of town of Newbury; 
flows southeastward 10 miles into Connecticut River. Walker map. On Colton 
map, 1864, called "Hall's Brook" above mouth of Whiting Brook, the name 
"Whiting Brook" being applied to the stream flowing into the Connecticut. 

1 Hitchcock, Edward, Eager, A. D., Hitchcock, Edward, jr., and Hitchcock, C. H., Report on the 
geology of Vermont: Descriptive, theoretical, economical, and scenographical, vol. 1, p. 129, 1861. 



152 SURFACE WATERS OF VERMONT. 

Chamberlain Brook. — Orleans County; rises in the southeastern part of Newport; 
flows southeastward, then northeastward into Black River (tributary through 
Lake Memphremagog to Magog and St. Francis rivers and thus to the St. Law- 
rence) in L:asburg; about 4 miles long. Colton map and V\^alker map. 
Champlain, Lake. — In northeastern New York and northwestern Vermont (the 
boundary between the two States passing through the center of the lake) and a 
very small part in southern Quebec; outlet, Richelieu River, which flows north- 
ward from Rouses Point, on the international boundary, to the St. Lawrence; 
elevation of water surface above sea level at ordinary stage, 95 feet; area of water 
sm-face, 436 square miles; drainage area at mouth of lake, including water sur- 
face, 8,130 square miles; drainage area in Vermont, except islands, 4,428 square 
miles. 

The lake occupies a valley lying between the Green Mountain range on the 
east and the Adirondacks on the west. The valley is irregular in form, being 
about 75 miles wide from a point opposite Middlebury, Vt. , northward to Rouses 
Point, and having an average width of about 35 miles south of Middlebury. 
The lake itself is somewhat more than 100 miles long and is narrow. For 40 
miles above Whitehall, N. Y., it is nowhere more than a mile wide and in most 
places not more than a quarter of a mile, forming virtually a drowned river. 
Opposite Port Henry, at the point on which stands the pre- Revolutionary Fort 
Frederick, it offsets sharply to the west and then resumes with increasing width 
its northerly course. In the widest part, which is just north of Burlington, Vt., 
10 miles of clear water intervenes between shore and shore. The northern end 
contains many islands, both large and small. The depth in the northern part 
of the lake is in general 200 to 300 feet, but south of Fort Frederick it is much less. 

The region tributary to Lake Champlain is very rugged and the soil is shallow 
except in the stream vaUeys. On the west the foothills of the Adirondacks 
extend in one or two places down to the water, but in most places the main ridges 
lie 10 to 25 miles back from the shore. On the Vermont side the slopes are less 
rugged than those on the New York side, and the surface ascends gradually from 
the lake shore to the summits of the Green Mountains, 20 miles or more away. 
The entire region is picturesque and beautiful in the highest degree. 

The drainage to the lake is principally tlnrough large tributaries, including Big 
Chazy, Saranac, Au Sable, and Bouquet rivers and the Lake George Outlet from 
the New York side ; principal tributaries from the Vermont side (head of lake to 
foot — that is, south to north), Mettawee River (headwaters only in Vermont), 
Poultney River, Otter Creek, Little Otter Creek, Lewis Creek, Thorpe Brook, 
Home Creek, La Platte River, Mom'oe Brook, Potash Brook, Winooski (Onion) 
River, Indian Brook, Dry Brook, Malletts Brook, Lamoille River, Stone Bridge 
Brook, Mill River, Stevens Brook, Charcoal Creek, Missisquoi River, Sucker 
Brook, Mud Creek, Eel Brook, and Rock River. 

The entire surface of the lake freezes over nearly every winter, though the 
wider portions are usually not closed by ice until late in January and in some years 
not until February and then for only a few days. 

Ga.ges have been maintained on the lake at Burlington and on Richelieu River 
at Fort Montgomery. At the latter place records of gage heights have been 
kept by the United States Engineer Corps since 1875. 

Surveys and data: Report on the Geology of Vermont: Descriptive, theo- 
retical, economical, and scenographical, by Edward Hitchcock, Albert D. Hager, 
Edward Hitchcock, jr., and Charles H. Hitchcock, 2 vols., 1861; Report of the 
Board of Engineers on Deep Waterways between the Great Lakes and the Atlantic 
tidewaters, 1900; U. S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply Papers 36, 65, 82, 97, 129, 170, 
206, 244, 264, 284, 304, 324, 354, 384, 404, and 434; topographic map of the United 
States, U. S. Geol. Survey atlas sheets, as follows: Rouses Point, Plattsburg, 



GAZETTEER OF STREAMS. 153 

Willsboro, Port Henry, Ticonderoga, Whitehall, Castleton, Brandon, Middle- 
hury, Burlington, Milton, and St. Albans. 

Chandler Pond. — Caledonia County; southern part of the town of Wheelock; out- 
let, a stream less than a mile long, flowing northeastward into West Brook (tribu- 
tary through Passumpsic River to the Connecticut). Walker map. 

Charcoal Creek. — Franklin County; town of Highgate; a sloughlike channel in the 
marsh on Hog Island, west of Missisquoi River (tributary to Lake Champlain 
and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence). St. Albans sheet. 

Charles Brown Brook. — ^Windsor County; rises in the western part of the town 
of Norwich; flows southward 5 miles into Bloody Brook (tributary to to Connecti- 
cut). Strafford and Hanover sheets. 

Chase Brook. — Caledonia County; a stream about 2 miles long, rising in the western 
part of the town of Danville and flowing westward into Joes Brook (tributary 
through Passumpsic River to the Connecticut) in the southern part of the town of 
Walden. Walker map. 

Chases Pond. — ^Windham County; eastern part of the town of Somerset; three in- 
flowing streams, one of which, the East Branch of Deerfield River (tributary 
through Deerfield River to the Connecticut), is also the outlet; now known as 
Somerset reservoir of the New England Power Co. ; a dam 110 feet high, com- 
pleted in 1913, gives a storage capacity of 2,500,000,000 cubic feet at crest 
of spillway; elevation, 2,143 feet; drainage area above the dam, 30 square miles, 
including 3 square miles of water surface when reservoir is full. Walker map; 
shown but not named on Wilmington sheet. 

Chittenden Brook. — Rutland and Windsor counties; rises in the northern part 
of the town of Chittenden at an altitude of 3,000 feet; flows in a general north- 
easterly direction to its junction with Brandon Brook (tributary to White River 
and thus to the Connecticut); length, 4J miles; fall, 1,800 feet. Rochester sheet. 

Choate Pond. — Addison County ; southeastern part of town of Orwell ; outlet, a stream 
about 2 miles long flowing southward to Little Pond (outlet through Hubbard- 
ton and Poultney rivers to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to 
the St. Lawrence); elevation above sea level, 825 feet; fall of outlet, 323 feet. 
Ticonderoga she, t. 

City Stream. — Bennington County; rises in Big Pond, north of Prospect Mountain, 
at an altitude of 2,263 feet; flows south, west, and northwest through central 
Woodford into Wallr>omsac Brook (tributary through Walloomsac River to Hoosic 
River and thus to ^he Hudson) in the northwestern part of Woodford; chief 
branch, Stamford Stream; fall, 1,093 feet; length, 5^ miles. Bennington sheet' 

Clarendon River. — Rutland County; rises in the northern part of the town of 
Danby, at an altitude of 1,220 feet above sea level; flows northward through 
the towns of Tinmouth and Clarendon to a point near West Rutland, where it 
turns and flows northeastward to Otter Creek (tributary to Lake Champlain and 
thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence) at Center Rutland; length, 
about 15 miles; fall, 720 feet; principal tributary, Ira Brook. In Tinmouth, 
where much of its course is bordered by swamp, it is called Tinmouth Channel, 
and in Hitchcock's report on the geology of Vermont (1861) it is referred to as 
Tinmouth River. Pawlet and Castleton sheets. 

Clark Brook. — ^Addison County; town of Granville: a small stream entering White 
River (tributary to the Connecticut) from the north near West Hill School. 
Rochester sheet. 

Clark Brook. — Addison County; town of Granville; a stream 1§ miles long flowing 
southwestward into White River (tributary to the Connecticut) north of Lower 
Granville. Rochester sheet. 



154 SUEFACE WATERS OF VEEMONT. 

Clark Hollow Brook. — Rutland County; rises on the western slope of Spruce 
Knob, in the eastern part of the town of Poultney, at an altitude of 1,700 feet above 
sea level; flows southwestward to its junction with Poultney River (tributary 
to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence); 
length, 2| miles; total fall, 1,120 feet; tributary, Hampshire Hollow Brook. Cas- 
tleton sheet. 

Clark Pond. — Caledonia County; western part of the town of Newark; connected 
with West Branch of Passumpsic River (tributary through Passumpsic River 
to the Connecticut) by a southwestward-fiowing stream 1| miles long. Walker 
map. 

Clarks Pond. — Orleans County; southeastern part of Glover; inlet, Barton River 
from Runaway Pond; outlet, Barton River to Lake Memphremagog (outlet, Magog 
River to St. Francis River and thus to the St. Lawrence); about half a mile 
long. Walker map and Colton map. See Runaway Pond. 

Clay Brook. — Chittenden County; rises in the southern part of Underhill; flows 
northwestward in to Browns River (tributary through Lamoille River to Lake 
Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence); about 2 
miles long. Walker map. 

Clay Brook. — ^Washington County; rises in the western part of Warren; flows east- 
ward into Mad River (tributary through Winooski River to Lake Champlain and 
thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence); about 3 miles long; tributary 
Sterling Brook. Colton map and Walker map. 

Clear Pond. — Lamoille County; eastern part of Hyde Park; outlet, a stream about 
2 miles long flowing southward to Green River (tributary through Lamoille 
River to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Law- 
rence). Colton map and Walker map. 

Clough Brook. — Essex County; rises in the western part of the town of Lemington; 
flows southeastward 6 miles and enters Connecticut River in the eastern part of 
Bloomfield. Walker map. 

Clyde River. — Essex and Orleans counties; rises in Island Pond in the town of 
Brighton; flows northwestward 20 miles to Newport, where it enters Lake Mem- 
phremagog (outlet through Magog and St. Francis rivers to the St. Lawi'ence); 
many natural ponds; several artificial ponds could be created; principal tribu- 
tary. Mill River, the outlet of Seymour Lake, in Morgan, and Echo Pond, 
Charleston; fed also by many small brooks. The river affords excellent power 
sites, and many power plants are already in place. Gaging station at West Derby, 
1909-1916. Walker map and U. S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 264, 
p. 121, 1910. 

CoATicooK River. — Orleans County, Vt., and Stanstead County, Quebec; rises in 
a small pond in the western part of the town of Norton, Vt.; flows southeastward 
6 miles to the head of Norton Pond, from the northern end of which it takes a 
general northerly course to its junction with Massawippi River (tributary through 
St. Francis River to the St. Lawrence) in Sherbrooke County, Quebec; about 
35 miles long, of which 10 miles is in Vermont; principal tributary from Vermont, 
Averill Stream. Walker map and Carte R^gionale No. 5 of Quebec. 

Cobb Brook. — Orleans County; rises in a small pond in the northern part of the 
town of Salem; flows southwestward into Lake Memphremagog (tributary through 
Magog and St. Francis rivers to the St. Lawrence); about 5 miles long. Walker 
map. 

Cobb Brook. — ^Windham County; rises in the southwestern, part of the town of 
Windham; flows southward into West River (tributary to the Connecticut) in 
the northeastern part of the town of Jamaica; length, 3^ miles. Londonderry 
sheet. 

CoBURN Pond. — Caledonia County, northeastern part of the town of Ryegate; 
very small. Walker map. 



GAZETTEER OF STREAMS, 155 

CoGGMAN Creek. — Rutland County; rises neai' the west-central part of the town of 
Benson, at an altituds of 480 feet above sea level; flows in a general southwesterly- 
course to its junction with Poultney River (tributary to Lake Champlain and 
thus through RicheUeu River to the St. Lawrence) in the town of West Haven; 
length, about? miles; fall, 360 feet; tributary from Root Pond. Whitehall sheet. 

CoGGMAN PONDS (3). — Rutland County; east of Bald Mountain, in southern part of 
West Haven; two of the ponds connected by short channels with East Bay, 
through which Poultney River flows to Lake Champlain (outlet through Richelieu 
River to the St. Lawrence); the third and most southerly is a continuation of 
the swampy area on the west side of East Bay. Elevation above sea level, 
somewhat more than 100 feet, the 120-foot contour being above all three ponds. 
Wliitehall sheet. 

CoiTs Pond. — Washington County; northern part of Cabot; outlet, a stream about 
2 miles long flowing southward to West HUl Pond on Winooski River (tributary 
to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence). 
Possibly this pond might be considered the head of the Winooski. Walker map 
and Col ton map. 

Colchester Pond. — Chittenden County; eastern pai't of Colchester; outlet from 
south end by Pond Brook to Malletts Brook (tributary to Lake Champlain and 
thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence). Col ton map, Walker map, 
and Milton sheet. 

Cold Brook. — Essex Coimty; a stream about a mile long, rising on the north slope 
- of Miles Mountain (called "Niles" on Colton map, 1864); flows northwestward 
into Moose River (tributary through Passumpsic River to the Connecticut) in 
the southern part of the town of Victory. Walker map. 

Cold Brook. — Orange County; a stream about 2 miles long, flowing eastward into 
Ayers Brook (tributary through Third Branch of White River to White River 
and thus to the Connecticut) in the western part of the town of Brookfield. 
Walker map. 

Cold Brook. — ^Windham County; rises in the western part of the town of Dover 
at an altitude 2,800 feet above sea level; flows southeasterly 5 miles into North 
Branch of Deerfield River (tributary through Deerfield River to the Connecticut); 
fall, 1,220 feet; principal tributary. Haystack Brook. Wilmington sheet. 

Cold Brook. — Windsor County; rises in the southwestern part of the town of 
Bethel at an altitude of 2,200 feet; flows in a southwesterly direction and joins 
White River (tributary to the Connecticut) 1 mile below the mouth of Breakneck 
Brook; length, 3 miles; fall, 1,450 feet. Rochester sheet. 

Cold Hollow Brook. — Franklin County; rises in the northwestern part of Averys 
Gore; flows northwestward into Tylers Branch (tributary through Missisquoi 
River to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Law- 
rence) in the southeastern part of the town of Enosburg; about 3 miles long. 
Walker map. 

Cold River. — Rutland County; rises near North Shrewsbury, at an altitude of 2,200 
feet above sea level; flows south westward about 2 miles, then turns abruptly 
and takes a general northwesterly and westerly course to its junction with Otter 
Creek (tributary to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the 
St. Lawrence) 2 miles south of Rutland; length, about 12 miles; fall, 1,670 feet, 
of which 600 feet occiu- in the first 2 miles; lower course lies through a broad, 
open valley; many small tributaries, but only one — Mendon Brook — ^is named on 
map. Rutland sheet. 

Coles Brook. — Orleans Coimty; a small stream rising in the northwestern part 
of Morgan and flowing westward into Salem Pond (tributary thi'ough Clyde River 
to Lake Memphremagog and thus through Magog and St. Francis rivers to the 
St. Lawrence). Walker map. 



156 SUEFACE WATERS OF VERMONT. 

Coles Pond. — Caledonia County; northern part of the town of Walden; inlet, from 
Stannard Pond; outlet, Joea Brook to Passumpsic River (tributary to the Con- 
necticut). Walker map. 

Collins Pond. — Lamoille County; eastern part of Hyde Park; no outlet shown on 
map. Walker map. 

Colts Pond. — Orange County; west-central part of the town of Brookfield; inlets, 
from Lampson, North, and South ponds; outlet, to Ayers Brook (tributary 
through Third Branch of White River to White River and thus to the Connecti- 
cut). Col ton map. 

Connecticut River. — Rises in Connecticut lakes in northern New Hampshire; flows 
southward between New Hampshire and Vermont, and across Massachusetts and 
Connecticut, into Long Island Sound; length, about 345 miles; drainage area, 
11,300 square miles, of which 3,970 square miles is in Vermont; principal tribu- 
taries from Vermont are the Nulhegan, Passumpsic, Wells, Waits, Ompompanoo- 
suc, White, Ottauquechee, Black, Williams, Saxtons, and West rivers. Deerfleld 
River enters below the State line but drains an area of 316 square miles in Vermont. 
Fall from Connecticut lakes to the Vermont-Massachusetts State line, about 
1,710 feet. Large power developments at Wilder and Vernon. Gaging station 
at Orford, N. H. (Fairlee, Vt.), 1900-1916. The following topographic maps 
are available, covering a portion of the area drained by the Connecticut River 
in Vermont: Greylock, Hawley, Greenfield, Warwick, Wilmington, Brattleboro, 
Keene, Londonderry, Wallingford, Rutland, Woodstock, Hanover, Rochester, 
Strafford, and Wliitefield sheets. See Report on water power of the United States, 
Tenth Census, vol. 16, pp. 46-135, 1885; also pp. 111-116 of this report. 

Cooks Pond. — ^Windsor County; very small; eastern part of Weathersfield, dis- 
charging by a stream about 3 miles long flowing southeastward into the Connecti- 
cut. Walker map. 

Copperas Brook. — Orange Coimty; a stream about 1 mile long draining a small area 
in the southeastern part of the town of Strafford, flowing northeastward and dis- 
charging into West Branch of the Ompompanoosuc River (tributary through 
Ompompanoosuc River to the Connecticut) near Copper Flat. Strafford sheet. 

CoRBBTT Hollow Brook. — Bennington County; a small stream draining a part of 
the northwestern slope of Equinox Mountain and flowing northwestward into 
Green River (tributary through Batten Kill to the Hudson) at the village of Bear- 
town. Equinox sheet. 

Corey Pond. — Lamoille and Orleans coimties; on line between Eden, Lamoille 
County, and Lowell, Orleans County; outlet by West Brook to Missisquoi River 
(tributary to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Law- 
rence); very small. Walker map. 

Corporation Brook. — Rutland and Windsor counties; rises in the northeastern 
part of the town of Chittenden at an altitude of 2,500 feet; flows east 1 mile and 
then northeast 3 miles to West Branch of White River (tributary to the Connecti- 
cut); fall, 1,570 feet. Rochester sheet. 

Cow Mountain Pond. — Essex County; southern part of the town of Granby; outlet, 
Pond Brook to Granby Stream (tributary through Moose River to Passumpsic 
River and thus to the Connecticut). Walker map. 

Cox Brook. — ^^Vashington County; rises in south-central part of Moretown; flows 
southeastward into Dog River (tributary through Winooski River to Lake Champlain 
and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence) near Gouldsville, in the 
town of Northfield; about 5 miles long. Colton map and Walker map. 

Coy Brook. — Rutland County; rises on the southern slopes of The Pinnacle, in the 
town of Wells, at an altitude of 1,440 feet above sea level; flows northward to its 
junction with South Brook (tributary through Poultney River to Lake Champlain 
and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence); length, about 3 miles; 
total fall, 640 feet. Pawlet sheet. 



GAZETTEER OF STREAMS. 157 

Crams Brook. — Orange County; rises in the northwestern part of the town of Chel- 
sea; flows southeasterly into East (First) Branch of White River (tributary to the 
Connecticut); length, about 5|- miles. Strafford sheet. 

Cranberry Meadow Pond. — Washington County; northern part of Calais; about 
IJ miles northwest of Wheelock Pond; no outlet shown on Walker map. 

Cranberry Pond. — Essex County; western part of the town of Brunswick; outlet, 
a stream IJ miles long flowing west and north into Nulhegan River (tributary to 
the Connecticut) opposite the mouth of the Yellow Branch. Walker map. 

Crolys Pond. — See Proper Pond. 

Crystal Brook. — Addison County; town of Hancock; a stream about a mile long 
flowing south westward into South Branch of Middlebury River (tributary through 
Middlebury River to Otter Creek and thus through Lake Champlain to Richelieu 
River and the St. Lawrence) in the eastern part of the town of Ripton. Rochester 
sheet. 

Crystal Lake. — Orleans County; town of Barton; two inflowing streams, one of 
which drains May Pond and the other a group of small ponds in the northwestern 
part of the town of Sutton; outlet, a short stream flowing westward into Barton 
River (tributary to Lake Memphremagog and thus through Magog and St. Francis 
rivers to the St. Lawrence); about 3 miles long and three-quarters of a mile 
wide. Walker map. 

Curtis Hollow Brook. — ^Windsor Coxmty; rises in the northwestern part of Read- 
ing, at an altitude of 2,020 feet; flows northward about 3 J miles into Ottauque- 
chee River (tributary to the Connecticut); fall, 1,220 feet. Woodstock heet. . 

Curtis Pond. — Washington County; western part of Calais; outlet southeastward to 
the stream connecting Wheelocks Pond with Kingsbmy Brook (tributary through 
Winooski River to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. 
Lawrence). Col ton map and Walker map. 

Cutler Pond. — Franklin Coimty; northern part of Highgate; outlet eastward to 
Rock River (tributary to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to 
the St. Lawrence). Walker map and St. Albans sheet. 

Cutter Pond. — Orange County; a small pond in the southern part of Williamstown, 
discharging by a stream flowing northward to Stevens Branch of Winooski River 
(tributary to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Law- 
rence). Walker map. 

D. 

Daggetts Pond. — Orleans County; northwestern part of Coventry; inlets, from 
Bowleys and Kinneys ponds; outlet, a stream about 4 miles long flowing east 
and then south to B lack River (tributary to Lake Memphremagog and thus through 
Magog and St. Francis rivers to the St. Lawrence); very small. Colton map. 

Danby Pond. — Rutland County; near central part of town of Danby; outlet, a 
stream 1\ miles long flowing southward to Mill Brook (tributary through Otter 
Creek to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Law- 
rence); elevation above sea level, 1,390 feet; fall of outlet, 150 feet; pond is 
somewhat less than half a mile in maximum length and about three-eighths of 
a mile wide. Pawlet sheet. 

Daniels Pond. — Orleans County; town of Glover; IJ miles north of west from 
Stones Pond; one inlet; outlet through Stones Pond to Barton River (tributary 
to Lake Memphremagog and thus through Magog and St. Francis rivers to the St. 
Lawrence). Walker map. 

Day Brook. — Chittenden County; rises in the eastern part of Colchester; flows 
northwestward into Malletts Bay, Lake Champlain (outlet by Richelieu River to 
the St. Lawrence) ; ',bout 2 miles long. Walker map. 



158 SUBPACE WATERS OF VEEMONT. 

Dead Creek.— Addison County; formed in the eoutliem part of Addison by the 
union of its East and West branches ; East Branch, which drains the larger area, 
and is therefore considered the main stream, rises in the southern part of Brid- 
port, at an altitude of 240 feet, and flows northward to the point at which it joins 
West Branch; beyond this junction Dead Creek continues to flow northward 
until it joins Otter Creek (tributary to Lake Champlain and thus through Riche- 
lieu River to the St. Lawrence) about 82 miles northwest of Vergennes; length 
to head of East Branch, about 20 miles; fall, very small, as the 120-foot contour 
closely borders the swamp through which it flows below the junction of the 
branches. Port Henry and Ticonderoga sheets. 

Dead Creek, East Branch. — Addison Covmty; rises in the southern part of Brid- 
port, at an altitude of 240 feet above sea level; flows irregularly northward about 
10 miles to its junction with the West Branch to form Dead Creek (tributary through 
Otter Creek to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. 
Lawi'ence) in the town of Addison; total fall, about 120 feet; flows through swamp 
except for about 2 miles in middle course. Ticonderoga and Port Henry sheets. 

Dead Creek, West Branch. — Addison County; rises in the southern part of Brid- 
port, at an altitude of 240 feet above sea level, about 1| miles northwest of the 
head of the East Branch; flows northward very irregularly about 9 miles into 
the southern part of the town of Addison, where it unites with the East Branch 
to form Dead Creek (tributary through Otter Creek to Lake Champlain and thus 
through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence); fall, 120 feet, of which 60 feet 
occurs in a little more than a mile near the head of the stream. Ticonderoga 
and Port Hemy sheets. 

Dead Creek. — FrankUn County; a stream rising in the northwestern part of the 
town of Fairfax, flowing northeastward through a swamp in western Fairfield, 
and joining the creek connecting Fairfield Pond with Black River (tributary 
through Missisquoi River to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River 
to the St. Lawrence). St. Albans sheet. 

Dead Creek. — Frankhn County; town of Highgate; a sloughlike channel in the 
marsh north of Missisquoi River (tributary to Lake Champlain and thus through 
Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence). St. Albans sheet. 

Dead Pond. — Lamoille County; western part of the town of Eden; no outlet shown 
on Walker map. 

Deer Cabin Brook. — Bennington and Windham counties; rises in the south- 
eastern part of Glastenb;u"y, at an altitude of 2,600 feet; flows northeastward 
about 2 miles and southeastward less than a mile into one of the headwater tribu- 
taries of Deerfield River (tributary to the Connecticut); fall, 570 feet; several 
small branches. Bennington sheet. 

Deerfield River. — Windham and Bennington counties, Vt., and Berkshire and 
Frankhn 'counties, Mass.; rises in the southeastern part of the town of Sunder- 
land, Vt.; follows a general southeasterly course to its junction with the Con- 
necticut near Greenfield, Mass.; length, above the Massachusetts State line, 
about 30 miles; below the Massachusetts line, 42 miles. Gaging stations: At 
Hoosac Tunnel, 1909-1913; at Charlemont, 1913-1916; at Shelburne Falls, 1907- 
1916; at Deerfield, 1904-5. The most important tributaries in Vermont are the 
East Branch, which enters at Searsburg; the North Branch, which comes in at 
Wilmington, and the West Branch, which joins at Readsboro. 

The basin is in large part wooded, and httle land is under cultivation except 
along the lower stretches. Most of the slopes are steep, and elevations in the 
upper part of the basin exceed 3,800 feet above sea level. Mean annual pre- 
cipitation at the headwaters, probably about 48 inches; in the lower part of the 
basin it is several inches less; average depth of snowfall in January and Feb- 
ruary at Jacksonville, Vt., about 25 inches; mean temperature for these months, 



GAZETTEER OF STREAMS. 159 

about 18°. Eqmnox, Londonderry, Bennington, Wilmington, Hawley, and 
Greenfield sheets. 

Deerpield River, East Branch. — Windham and Bennington counties; rises on 
the southwest slope of Stratton Mountain, at an altitude of 2,660 feet above sea 
level; flows southward through Somerset into the northeastern part of Searsburg, 
where it joins Deerfield River (tributary to the Connecticut); length, 15 miles; 
fall, 860 feet; principal tributaries, Black and Pond brooks. Londonderry and 
Wilmington sheets. 

Deerfield River, North Branch. — ^Windham and Bennington coimties; rises in 
the northwestern part of the town of Dover, at an altitude of 2,860 feet above sea 
level; flows southeastward to the northern part of the town of Wilmington, thence 
southward, southwestward, and westward to its junction with Deerfield River 
(tributary to the Connecticut); length, 14 miles; fall, 1,340 feet; principal 
tributaries, Blue, ElHs, Bill, and Cole brooks. Wilmington sheet. 

Deerfield River, West Branch. — ^Bennington County; rises in the east-central 
part of Woodford on the eastern slope of Prospect Mountain, at an altitude of 
2,380 feet above sea level; flows southwestward about a mile, then southeastward 
through Woodford and northern Readsboro, and joins Deerfield River (tributary 
to the Connecticut) at Readsboro; receives several unnamed tributaries; chief 
branch, Yaw Pond Brook; length, 11 miles; fall, 1,220 feet. Bennington and 
Wilmington sheets. 

Deer Lick Brook. — ^Bennington County; rises in the eastern part of Glastonbury, 
on the eastern slope of Glastenbury Mountain, at an altitude of 3,000 feet; flows 
southeastward about 2J miles into a headwater tributary of Deerfield River 
(tributary to the Connecticut); fall, 940 feet; receives one southern branch. 
Bennington sheet. 

Dennis Pond. — Essex Coimty; central part of the town of Brunswick; inlet, Wheeler. 
Stream; outlet, Wheeler Stream (tributary to the Connecticut); area, about 135 
acres. Walker map and private surveys. Called North Pond on Walker map. 

Derby Pond. — Orleans County; central part of Derby; outlet, a stream a mile long 
flowing southeastward into Salem Pond (tributary through Clyde River to Lake 
Memphremagog and thus through Magog and St. Francis rivers to the St. Lawrence). 
Walker map. 

Dewey Brook. — See Famham Brook. 

DiMiCK Brook. — Windsor Coimty; rises in the eastern part of Pomfret, at an altitude 
of 1,600 feet; flows northeastward into the northwestern part of Hartford and 
joins White River (tributary to the Connecticut); fall, 1,240 feet; length, about 
3J miles. Hanover sheet. 

Dog Pond. — ^Washington County; western part of Woodbury; near head of Kingsburg 
Branch (tributary through Winooski River to Lake Champlain and thus through 
Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence); no outlet shown on Walker map. 

Dog River. — Washington County; rises in the central part of Roxbury; flows north- 
eastward across the towns of Northfield and Berlin to its junction with Winooski 
River (tributary to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. 
Lawrence) near Montpelier Junction; length, about 15 miles; principal tribu- 
taries. Rocky, Jones, and Cox brooks. Gaging stations: At Northfield, 1909-1916; 
near Montpelier, 1910. Colton map. Walker map, post-route map, and U. S. 
Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 264, pp. 118-119, 1910. 

Dorset Pond. — Bennington County; northeastern part of town of Dorset; two small 
inlets; outlet northward by Otter Creek to Lake Champlain (outlet through 
Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence); elevation above sea level, approximately 
700 feet; pond is about half a mile long and a quarter of a mile (maximum) 
wide; area, 34 acres. It lies in a valley remarkable for its narrowness and 
depth. Pawlet sheet. See Otter Creek. 
73175°— wsp 424—17 11 



160 SURFACE WATERS OF VERMONT. 

DoTHAN Brook. — Windsor County; rises on Griggs Mountain in the southwestern part 
of the town of Norwich; flows southeastward 5 miles into Connecticut River near 
Wilder, in the northeastern part of the town of Hartford. Hanover sheet. 

Doughty Pond. — Rutland County; northeastern part of town of Benson; outlet, a 
stream one-eighth mile long flowing northward to the outlet of Spruce Pond 
to Sunset Lake (outlet through Little Pond to Hubbardton River and thus 
through Poultney River and Lake Champlain to Richelieu River and the St. 
Lawrence); elevation above sea level, 670 feet; above Sunset Lake, 167 feet. 
Ticonderoga sheet. 

DowNEYS Brook. — Orleans County; a small stream in the northern part of Salem, 
flowing eastward into Salem Pond (tributary through Clyde River to Lake Mem- 
plu:emagog and thus through Magog and St. Francis rivers to the St. Lawrence). 
Walker map. 

Dow Pond. — Addison County; S-g miles east of Middlebury; 2 inflowing streams; 
outlet. Muddy Branch to New Haven River (tributary through Otter Creek to 
Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence) ; area, 
14 acres; elevation above sea, 420 feet; fall of outlet, 160 feet ; dammed. Middle- 
biuy sheet. 

Dry Brook. — Bennington County; rises on Grass Mountain, in the southwestern 
part of Arlington, at an altitude of 2,400 feet above sea level ; flows southeastward 
to its junction with Warm Brook (tributary through Fayville Branch to Roaring 
Branch and thus through Batten Kill to the Hudson); length, SJ miles; fall, 1,640 
feet. Equiaox sheet. 

Dry Creek. — Bennington County; rises on the northern slope of Egg Mountain, in 
the northwestern part of Sandgate; at an altitude of 1,800 feet above sea level; 
flows southwestward to its junction with White Creek (tributary to Batten Kill, 
a branch of the Hudson) 2J miles northeast of Salem, Washington County, N. Y.; 
length, about 5 miles; fall, 1,280 feet, of which 900 feet occurs in the first mile 
of its coiu-se. Equinox and Cambridge sheets. 

Duck Brook. — Chittenden County; rises in the western part of Bolton; flows 
southward into Winooski River (tributary to Lake Champlain and thus through 
Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence); about 3 miles long. Colton map and 
Walker map. 

Duck Pond. — Caledonia County; a very small pond on the line between Marshfield 
and Peacham, discharging by a stream 3 miles long flowing southeastward into 
Groton Pond (outlet. Wells River to the Connecticut). Walker map. 

Duck Pond. — Caledonia County; northern part of the town of Sheffield; outlet, 
Millers Run to Passumpsic River (tributary to the Connecticut); very small. 
Walker map. 

Duck Pond. — Orleans County; east of Little Hosmer Pond, in northeastern part of 
Craftsbiu'y; small. Walker map. 

Duck Pond. — Orleans County; a small pond in the northern part of the town of 
Sutton, discharging by a stream flowing to Big Fish Pond (outlet to Blake Pond, 
and thus through Crystal Lake to Barton River, Lake Mempliremagog, and Magog 
and St. Francis rivers to the St. Lawrence). Walker map. 

Dunham Brook. — Addison and Orange counties; a small eastward-flowing stream 
tributary to Third Branch of White River (tributary through White River to the 
Connecticut) in the town of Braintree. Rochester sheet. 

Dunhams Pond. — See Pleiad Lake. 

DuNMORE, Lake. — Addison County; crossed by boundary line between Salisbury 
and Leicester; about half in each town; several inflowing streams, of which 
Sucker Brook is the largest; outlet, Leicester River to Otter Creek (tributary to 
Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence); length, 
3^ miles; maximum width, 1 mile; area, 990 acres; elevation above sea level, 
571 feet. Brandon sheet. 



GAZETTEER OF STREAMS. 161 

Button Brook. — Addison County; rises in the western part of Goshen, at an eleva- 
tion of about 1,800 feet above sea level; flows west and northwest into Sucker 
Brook (tributary through Lake Dunmore to Leicester River, Otter Creek, and 
Lake Champlain, and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence); length, 
about 3 miles; fall, about 500 feet. Brandon sheet. 

Button Pond. — Essex County; central part of town of Maidstone; outlet, Gasldll 
Brook (tributary to Connecticut River). Colton map and Walker map. 

E. 

East Brook. — Essex County; rises in the western part of the town of Lunenburg; 
flows southwestward 3 miles and southeastward 1 mile into Miles Brook (tributary 
to Connecticut River). Walker map. 

East Brook. — Lamoille County; rises in the southern part of Elmore; flows north- 
ward into Lamoille River (tributary to Lake Champlain and thus through 
Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence); about 7 miles long. Colton map. Walker 
map, and post-route map. 

East Creek. — Rutland County; rises in a marsh in the northeastern part of the town 
of Benson, at an elevation of 450 feet above sea level; flows eastward for a mile 
or more, then northward about 5 miles to a point near Orwell in Addison County, 
then turns again and flows northwestward until it enters Lake Champlain (outlet 
through Richelieu River to Lake Champlain) nearly opposite Ticonderoga; length, 
about 10 miles; fall, 349 feet; swampy through much of its lower course; two 
ponds are mapped in this basin — Perch Pond, near Sunset Lake, and an un- 
named pond lying west of the creek. Whitehall and Ticonderoga sheets. 

East Creek. — Rutland County; rises in the extreme northeastern part of Mendon, at 
an altitude of 2,200 feet above sea level; flows northwestward about 5 miles into 
the southern part of Chittenden Township, then with many abrupt bends passes to 
the west, south, and southwest, crossing the southeastern corner of Pittsford 
Township into Rutland, where it joins Otter Creek (tributary to Lake Cham- 
plain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence). In a straight line 
the distance between source and mouth is about 10 miles, but the course is so 
tortuous that map measiu-ement shows the stream to be about 18 miles long; with 
its largest tributary it almost encircles Blue Ridge Mountain. Fall, 1,670 feet, 
of which 400 feet occurs in the first mile. Gaging station near Rutland, 1911- 
1913. The basin contains 3 small ponds — North and Burr ponds and one which 
is not named. Rutland sheet. 

Echo Pond. — Orleans County; town of Charleston; inlet, Mill River, the outlet of 
Seymour Lake; outlet, Mill River to Clyde River (tributary through Lake 
Memphremagog to Magog and St. Francis rivers and thus to the St. Lawrence); 
about a mile long and wide. Walker map. 

Eddy Brook. — Bennington and Windham counties; rises in the southern part of 
Peru, at an altitude of 2,240 feet; flows southea.stward across the northeastern 
corner of Winhall, southward less than a mile along the western boundary of 
Londonderry, then southwestward into Winhall, where it joins Mill Brook, a 
branch of Winhall River (tributary through West River to the Connecticut); 
fall, 940 feet; length, about 5^ miles. Londonderry sheet. 

Eligo Pond. — Orleans County; western part of Greensboro; one inlet; outlet, north- 
ward by Black River to Lake Memphremagog (outlet by Magog River to St. 
Francis River and thus to the St. Lawrence); about 2 miles long by a quarter 
of a mile wide. Colton map and Walker map. 

Ellis Brook. — Windham County; rises in the northeastern part of the town of Bover, 
at an altitude of 2,200 feet above sea level; flows east of south 5 miles to its junc- 
tion with North Branch of Beerfield River (tributary through Beerfield River 
to the Connecticut); fall, 580 feet. Wilmington sheet. 



162 SURFACE WATERS OF VERMONT. 

Elmore Brook. — Lamoille County; rises in Elmore Pond, in the northern part of 
Elmore; flows northward into Lamoille River (tributary to Lake Champlain 
and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence) in the western part of 
the town of Wolcott; about 2 miles long. Col ton map and Walker map. 

Elmore Pond. — Lamoille County; northern part of Elmore; inlet, from Little Pond; 
outlet by Elmore Brook to Lamoille River (tributary to Lake Champlain 
and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence); about a mile long and 
nearly half a mile wide. Colton map and Walker map. 

Endless Brook.^ — Rutland County; rises in the eastern part of the town of Wells, 
on the slopes of Coy and Northeast mountains, the extreme headwaters starting 
at an altitude of 2,000 feet above sea level; takes a general northwesterly course 
and enters St. Catharine Lake (tributary through Mill and Wells brooka and 
Mettawee River to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. 
Lawrence) near its northern end; length, about 5 miles; fall, 1,523 feet, of which 
800 feet occurs in the first mile. Pawlet sheet. 

Equinox Pond. — Bennington County; about 1 mile southwest of Manchester; east 
of Equinox Mountain; outlet, a stream about 2 nailes long flowing east and then 
south to its junction with Batten Kill (tributary to Hudson River); area, 6 acres; 
elevation, 1,090 feet above sea level; fall of outlet, 440 feet. Equinox sheet. 

EsTABROOK Pond. — Windham County; southwestern part of the town of Jamaica, 
south of Sage Hill; outlet, a stream flowing eastward into Ball Mountain Brook 
(tributary through West River to the Connecticut). Walker map; not shown on 
the Londonderry sheet. 

E well Pond. — Caledonia County; northern part of town of Peacham; outlet, Stevens 
Brook (tributary to Connecticut River). Walker map. 

F. 

Fairfield Pond. — Franklin County; southwestern part of Fairfield; outlet by 
stream about 1 mile long flowing southeastward to Cedar Swamp Brook (tribu- 
tary through Black Creek and Missisquoi River to Lake Champlain and thus 
through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence); about a mile and a half long by 
three-fourths of a mile wide. Colton map, Walker map (outlet not shown on 
this map), post-route map, and St. Albans sheet. 

Fairfield River. — Franklin County; rises in the northwestern part of Fletcher; 
flows somewhat east of north to its junction with Black Creek (tributary through 
Missisquoi River to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the 
St. Lawrence) in Fairfield Township; about 6 miles long. Walker map and 
post-route map. 

Fairlee Lake. — Orange County; on boundary lines between the towns of Fairlee, 
West Fairlee, and Thetford; principal inlets, Middle and Bloody brooks; outlet, 
a stream about 1 mile long, flowing westward into Ompompanoosuc River (tribu- 
tary to the Connecticut). Walker map. 

Fall Brook. — ^Caledonia County; rises in the central part of the town of Wheelock; 
flows eastward about 4 miles into Millers Run (tributary through Passumpsic 
River to the Connecticut). Walker map. 

Farnham Brook. — Orange County; rises in the western part of the town of Strafford, 
at an altitude of 1,800 feet; flows west into East (First) Branch of White River 
(tribtitary through White River to the Connecticut); length, about 4 miles; 
called Dewey Brook on Walker map. Strafford sheet. 

Fay Brook (Mill Brook). — Orange and Windsor counties;, rises in the southwestern 
part of the town of Strafford, at an altitude of 1,840 feet; flows south westward 
into White River (tributary to the Connecticut) in the western part of the town 
of Sharon; receives stream from Standing Pond and several other small streams 
in the southwestern part of Strafford; fall, 1,380 feet, of which 500 feet is in the 
first mile; length, 7 miles. Strafford sheet. 



GAZETTEER OP STREAMS. 163 

Fayville Branch. — Bennington County; rises in tlie northwestern part of Glasten- 
bury, at an elevation of 2,440 feet above sea level; flows south westward about 2 
miles, then takes a general northwesterly course to its junction with Roaring 
Branch (tributary to Batten Kill, a branch of the Hudson) 1 mile northeast of 
Arlington; length, about 9 miles; fall, 1,800 feet, of which 1,300 feet occins in 
3^ miles at the head of the stream; principal tributary, Warm Brook. Equinox 
sheet. 

Fennell Hollow Brook. — Rutland County; rises on the western slope of Herrick 
Mountain, in town of Ira, at an altitude of 2,300 feet above sea level; flows west- 
ward about 3 miles, then southwestward and southward 2^ miles to its junction 
with Poultney River (tributary to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu 
River to the St. Lawrence) near East Poultney; total fall in 5^ miles, 1,750 feet, 
of wliich 1,300 feet occurs in the first mile and a half of its coiu'se. Castleton 
sheet. 

Fern Lake. — Addison County; south of Lake Dunmore, in Leicester; elevation 
above sea level, 571 feet, the same as that of Lake Dunmore; outlet northward to 
Lake Dunmore (outlet through Leicester River to Otter Creek and Lake Cham- 
plain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence); the distance 
between the two lakes is about one-foiu-th of a mile; area, 73 acres. Brandon 
sheet. 

Fetters River. — Essex and Orleans counties; rises in Warner Grant in the north- 
western part of Essex County; flows southward, passing across the southeastern 
corner of Morgan, in Orleans County, into Brighton, where it joins Clyde River 
(tributary through Lake Memphremagog to Magog and St. Francis rivers and thus 
to the St. Lawrence) a short distance below the outlet of Island Pond; length, 
about 10 miles. Walker map. 

FiNNO Brook. — Orleans County; rises on Westmore Mountain; flows northeastward 
2 miles into Clyde River (tributary through Lake Memphremagog to Magog and 
St. Francis rivers and thus to the St. Lawrence). Walker map. 

First Branch, White River. — See White River, East Branch. 

First Brook. — Essex County; a stream about 2 miles long, flowing southward into 
MUes Brook (tributary to Connecticut River) in the southern part of the town of 
Lunenburg. Walker map. 

Fisher Brook. — Essex County; a stream about a mile long, rising in the southern 
part of the town of Averill and flowing southwestward to East Branch of Nulhe- 
gan River (tributary through Nulhegan River to the Connecticut). Walker map 
and private surveys. 

Fletcher Brook. — Rutland and Windsor counties; rises in the northern part of the 
town of Sherburne; flows northeastward, then northward to the eastern part of 
Stockbridge into White River (tributary to the Connecticut); length, 7 miles. 
Walker map and Rutland sheet. 

Fletcher Pond. — Lamoille County; south-central part of town of Eden; directly 
east of South Pond; no outlet shown on maps. Col ton map and Walker map. 

Flood Brook. — Bennington and Windham counties; rises in the west-central part 
of Peru, at an altitude of 2,500 feet; flows eastward and southeastward across Peru 
and Landgrove and joins West River (tributary to the Connecticut) in the west- 
ern part of Londonderry; fall, 1,460 feet; length, about 8 miles. Wallingford and 
Londonderry sheets. 

Flower Brook. — Rutland County; rises on the southern slope of Tinmouth Moun- 
tain, in the southwestern part of the town of Tinmouth, at an altitude of 2,100 
feet above sea level; flows southward about 3 miles, then southwestward 5 miles, 
uniting with Mettawee River (tributary to Lake Champlain and thus through 
Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence) at Pawlet; fall, 1,450 feet, of which 1,000 
feet occurs in 3 miles at the head of the stream; receives several small tributaries 
draining Dutch Hill, Mount Hoag, Walnut Hill, and The Oxbow. Pawlet sheet. 



164 SURFACE WATERS OP VERMONT. 

Forest Lake. — Essex County; northwestern part of town of Canaan and southwestern 
part of Hereford, Compton County, Quebec; outlet, Leach Stream to Connecti- 
cut Eiver. Name changed to Forest Lake by vote of Vermont State Legislature, 
1917; also known as Wallace Pond and Leach Pond. Walker map and Carte 
Regionale No. 5 of Quebec. 

Foster Pond. — Caledonia County; central part of town of Peacham; outlet, a 
stream 6 mUes long, flowing southeastward through the northern part of Harvey 
Lake into Stevens River (tributary to the Connecticut). Walker map. 

Fox Pond. — Rutland County; near Wallingford; elevation above sea level, about 
590 feet; a narrow pond lying half a mile west of Otter Creek; area, 15 acres; no 
outflowing stream is shown on the map, but the contours indicate that natmal out- 
flow woidd be by a stream about a mile long flowing south and then east to Otter 
Creek (tributary to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the 
St. Lawrence). Wallingford sheet. 

Franklin Pond. — Franklin County; eastern part of Franklin; several inflowing 
streams, including Pike River and stream from Little Pond; outlet by Pike River 
through Canada to Missisquoi Bay, Lake Champlain (outlet through Richelieu 
River to the St. Lawrence). Carte R^gionale No. 5 of Quebec, Colton map, 
Walker map, and post-route map. 

Freeman Brook. — ^Washington County; rises in the eastern part of Warren; flows 
westward into Mad River (tributary through Winooski River to Lake Champlain 
and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence); about 3 miles long. 
Walker map. 

Frost Hollow Brook. — ^Bennington County; a small stream draining the south- 
eastern slope of Bear Mountain in the town of Sandgate and flowing southeastward 
to Green River (tributary through Batten Kill to the Hudson). Equinox sheet. 

Fryingpan Brook. — Lamoille County; rises in the northern part of the town of Eden; 
flows southward into Gihon River (tributary through Lamoille River to Lake 
Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence). Colton 
map; not named on Walker map. 

Fuller Pond. — Orleans County; town of Barton; outlet, a stream 1 mile long flow- 
ing northward into Graves Brook (tributary through Barton River to Lake Mem- 
phremagog and thus through Magog and St. Francis rivers to the St. Lawrence). 
Walker map. 

Fulton Brook. — Orange County; a stream IJ miles long draining a small area in the 
western part of the town of Thetford and flowing soiithward into West Branch of 
Ompompanoosuc River (tributary through Ompompanoosiic River to the Connec- 
ticut). Strafford sheet. 

Furnace Brook.^ — Bennington County; rises in the northeastern part of Shaftsbury, 
south of Maple Hill, at an altitude of 1, 520 feet; flows south into Bennington, then 
irregularly westward into Walloomsac River (tributary through Hoosic River to 
the Hudson); chief branches, Basin and Stratton brooks; fall, 940 feet; length, 10 
miles. Bennington sheet. 

Furnace Brook (or River). — Rutland County; rises in the northwestern part of 
Chittenden, east of Lookout Mountain; flows in a general southwesterly direction 
to its junction with Otter Creek (tributary to Lake Champlain and thus through 
Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence) about IJ miles southwest of Pittsford Mills; 
length, about 10 miles; fall from North Chittenden (elevation, 1,000 feet above 
sea level) to Otter Creek, 600 feet; principal tributaries, North Branch and Sugar 
Hollow Brook. Walker map and Rutland, Castle ton, and Rochester sheets. 

Furnace Brook, North Branch. — Rutland County; rises west of Lookout Moun- 
tain in the town of Chittenden; flows southeastward 2 J miles to its junction with 
Fiu'nace Brook (tributary through Otter Creek to Lake Champlain and thus 
through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence). Rochester sheet. 



GAZETTEEK OF STEEAMS. 165 

G. 

Gage Brook. — Caledonia County; rises in the central part of the town of Kirby; a 
short stream flowing southeastward along the boundary between the towns of Kirby 
and St. Johnsbury and uniting with Moose River (tributary through Passumpsic 
River to the Connecticut) near the southeastern corner of St. Johnsbury. Walker 
map. 

Gaskill Brook. — Essex County; rises in Button Pond in the central part of the 
town of Maidstone; flows southeastward 4 miles and west of soiith 3 miles to its 
junction -with Connecticut River near Guildhall station; principal tributaries, 
Mill Brook and Burnside Brook. Colton map and Walker map. 

George Brook. — Addison County; town of Rip ton; a stream about IJ miles long 
flowing southeastward into Texas Brook (tributary through Hancock Branch to 
White River and thus to the Connecticut). Rochester sheet. 

GiHON River. — Lamoille County; rises in North Pond, in the eastern part of the town 
of Eden; flows in a general southwesterly course to its junction with Lamoille 
River (tributary to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. 
Lawrence) at Johnson; about 12 miles long; principal tributaries, Fryingpan and 
Wild brooks and stream from South Pond. Colton map, Walker map, and post- 
route map. 

GiLLETTS Pond. — Chittenden County; southeastern corner of town of Richmond; one 
inlet; outlet, a stream about a mile long flowing northward to Huntington River 
(tributary through Winooski River to Lake Champlain and thus through Riche- 
lieu River to the St. Lawrence). Colton map and Walker map. 

Gilmore Pond. — Addison County; on south Mountain, in the southeastern part of 
Bristol; 3 small inflowing streams; outlet, a stream 4^ miles long flowing south- 
west to Little Notch Road, then northwest into New Haven River (tributary 
through Otter Creek to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the 
St. Lawrence) at New Haven Mills; elevation above sea level, 2,010 feet; fall of 
outlet, 1,710 feet. Middlebury sheet. 

Glen Lake. — Rutland County; on line between Benson, Fair Haven, and Castleton; 
two small inflowing streams; outlet, a stream half a mile long flowing southeast- 
ward to Bomoseen Lake (outlet through Castleton and Poultney rivers to Lake 
Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence); elevation 
above sea level, 480 feet; fall of outlet, 67 feet; maximum width and length each 
about three-fourths of a mile; constricted near center to about one-eighth of a 
mile; area, 194 acres. Castleton sheet. 

Gochey Brook. — Orleans County; rises in Little Mud Pond in the northwestern part 
of Morgan; flows westward into Salem Pond; outlet, Clyde River to Lake Mem- 
phremagog (outlet through Magog and St. Francis rivers to the St. Lawrence); 3 
miles long. Walker map. 

Gold Brook. — Lamoille County; rises in the southeastern part of Stowe; flows west- 
ward into Waterbury River (tributary through Winoosld River to Lake Champlain 
and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence) at Moscow post office; 
about 3 miles long. Walker map. 

GooDSELLS Brook. — Franklin County; rises in the southeastern part of Sheldon; 
flows northward into Missisquoi River (tributary to Lake Champlain and thus 
through Ptichelieu River to the St. Lawrence) ; about 3 miles long. Colton map 
and Walker map. 

Goshen Brook. — Addison County; rises in the northeastern part of the town of 
Goshen; flows northeastward 2 miles into South Branch of Middlebury River (trib- 
utary through Middlebury River and Otter Creek to Lake Champlain and thus 
through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence). Rochester sheet. 



166 SURFACE WATERS OP VERMONT. 

Granbt Stream. — Essex County; rises in the east-central part of the town of Granby; 
flows southwestward about 6 miles into Moose River (tributary through Passump- 
sic River to the Connecticut); passes through IvTud and Lees ponds; principal 
tributary, a stream from Cow Mountain Pond. Walker map . 

Grass Pond. — ^Windsor County; small; northwestern part of Plymouth; altitude, 
1, 570 feet; discharges by a short southward-flowing stream into Black River (tribu- 
tary to the Connecticut). Woodstock sheet. 

Grassy Brook. — ^Windham County; rises in the southern part of the town of Athens 
in Lily Pond; flows southwestward 8 miles into West River (tributary to the Con- 
necticut) . Walker map . 

Gravel Brook. — ^Windsor County; rises in the southern part of Springfield; flows 
eastward into Connecticut River south of Springfield station; about 3 miles long. 
Walker map. 

Graves Brook. — Orleans County; rises in the western part of the town of Barton; 
flows northeastward 3 miles into Barton River (tributary to Lak e Memphremagog 
and thus through Magog and St. Francis rivers to the St. Lawrence) . Walker map. 

Graves Pond. — Windham County; southwestern part of the town of Jamaica; a 
small pond discharging by stream flowing westward into Ball Mountain Brook 
(tributary through West River to the Connecticut). Walker map; not shown 
on Londonderry sheet. 

Great Averill Pond. — Essex County; northern part of the town of Averill on 
the eastern border of Norton; inlet from Little Averill Pond; outlet, Averill 
Stream to Coaticook River (tributary through Massawippi River to St. Francis 
River and thus to the St. Lawrence); 2 J miles long and 1 mile wide. Walker 
map. 

Great Hosmer Pond. — Orleans County; on hne between towns of Albany and 
Craftsbury; outlet to Little Hosmer Pond (outlet through Seaver Brook to Black 
River and thus through Lake Memphremagog and Magog and St. Francis rivers 
to the St. Lawrence); about IJ miles long. Walker map. 

Great Pond. — Lamoille County; east-central part of the town of Eden; two ponds 
with the same name; connected by westward-flowing stream with Gihon River 
(tributary through Lamoille River to Lake Champlain and thus through Riche- 
lieu River to the St. Lawrence). Colton map and Walker map. 

Great Roaring Brook. — Rutland and Windsor counties; rises in the eastern part 
of Shrewsbury, at an altitude of 2,100 feet; flows northeastward into Plymouth, 
and passes into Black River (tributary to the Connecticut) just above Plymouth 
Notch; fall, 840 feet; length, 4 miles. Rutland and Woodstock sheets. 

Green River. — Bennington County; rises in many forking branches on the western 
slopes of Bear Mountain in the towns of Sandgate and Manchester, at an altitude 
of nearly 3,000 feet above sea level; flows southwestward to Sandgate, then takes 
a more southerly course to its junction with Batten Kill (tributary to the Hudson) 
at West Arhngton ; length, about 10 miles ; total fall from source of highest trib- 
utary to mouth, 2,400 feet, of which 1,800 feet occurs in about 3 miles at the head 
of the river. Equinox sheet. 

Green River. — Lamoille County; rises in the eastern part of the town of Eden; 
flows southwestward and southward into Lamoille River (tributary to Lake 
Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence); about 10 
miles long; tributaries, Adams Brook and streams from Pettengill, Half Poimd, 
Mud, and Clear ponds; gaging station at Garfield, 1915-16. Colton map, Walker 
map, and post-route map. 

Green River. — Windham County, Vt.; Franklin County, Mass.; rises on Hogback 
Mountain in the town of Marlboro; flows in general southeastward to its junction 
with Deerfield River (tributary to the Connecticut) at Greenfield; length, 27 
miles, of which 13 miles is below the Massachusetts Une; principal tributaries, 



GAZETTEER OF STREAMS. 167 

West Hollow, Hibbard, Workman, Glen, Hinsdale, and Mill brooks, all in Massa- 
cbusetts. Wilmington, Brattleboro, and Greenfield sheets. 

Greensboro Brook. — Orleans Coiinty; rises in Caspian Lake, in the southern part 
of Greensboro; flows southward into Lamoille Kiver (tributary to Lake Cham- 
plain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence) in the eastern part 
of the town of Hardwick; 3 miles long. Walker map. 

Grindstone Brook. — Addison County; rises in the southwestern part of the town 
of Hancock and flows northward into Robbins Branch (tributary through White 
River to the Connecticut); length, about 2J miles. Walker map and Rochester 
sheet. 

Groton Pond. — Caledonia County; northern part of the town of Groton; several 
inlets, including streams from Owls Head, Little Hosmer, Duck, and Kettle ponds; 
outlet, a short stream into Lunds Pond, which discharges into Wells River (tribu- 
tary to the Connecticut); about 3 miles long and 1 mile wide. Called also Wells 
River Pond. Walker map. 

Grout Pond. — ^Windham County; southeastern part of the town of Stratton; inlet 
and outlet, Pond Brook (tributary through East Branch of Deerfield River to 
Deerfield River and thus to the Connecticut); altitude, 2,225 feet above sea 
level; area, 115 acres. Londonderry sheet. 

Guernsey Brook. — Rutland County; rises in the town of Pittsfield on the south- 
' eastern slope of Little Wilcox Peak, at an altitude of 1,900 feet; flows in a south- 
easterly direction 4 miles to Tweed River (tributary through White River to the 
Connecticut); fall, 1,100 feet. Rochester sheet. 

Gulf Brook. — Addison County; town of Granville; a stream 1| miles long flowing 
northeastward into White River (tributary to the Connecticut). Rochester sheet. 

Gulf Brook. — ^Windham County; a stream 2J miles long, draining the northeastern 
part of the town of Marlboro, flowing southward 1 mile and northwestward 1| 
miles into Marlboro Branch (tributary through West River to the Connecticut). 
Brattleboro sheet. 

Gulf Stream. — ^Windsor County; rises in the southeastern part of the town of Bar- 
nard, at an altitude of 1,740 feet; flows southeastward, crossing the southwestern 
comer of Pomfret into the northern part of Woodstock, where it joins Barnard 
Brook, a branch of the Ottauquechee (tributary to the Connecticut); chief 
branches, Richmond, Atwood, and Bridgewater brooks; fall, 1,040 feet; length, 
8 miles. Woodstock sheet. 

Gully Brook. — Rutland County; rises on the northwestern slopes of Herrick Moim- 
tain in the town of Ira, at an altitude of 2,400 feet above sea level; takes a general 
northerly course to its junction with Castleton River (tributary through Poultney 
River to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Law- 
rence); length, about 4 miles; total fall, 1,950 feet; receives small tributaries from 
western slope of Bird Mountain. Castleton sheet. 

Gunners Brook. — Caledonia County; rises in the southwestern part of Groton; 
flows westward 3 miles then northward 4 miles into Winooski River (tributary 
to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrance) in 
the northern part of the town of Plainfield, Washington County. Colton map 
and Walker map. 

H. 

Hale Hollow Brook. — Windsor County; formed by many small streams, some of 
which rise at altitudes of more than 2,100 feet in the northeastern part of Plym- 
outh; flows in general northward into the southeastern part of Bridgewater 
where it joins Ottauquechee River (tributary to the Connecticut) ; only named 
branch, Pinney Hollow Brook; fall, 1,250 feet; length, about 7 miles; called 
Broad Brook on Walker map. Woodstock sheet. 



168 SURFACE WATERS OF VERMONT. 

Half Moon Pond. — Franklin County; central part of Fletcher; one inlet; outlet, a 
stream about a mile long flowing southward to Stones Brook (tributary through 
Lamoille River to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. 
Lawrence). Col ton map and Walker map. 

Half Moon Pond. — Rutland County; southwestern comer of town of Hubbardton; 
outlet, a stream 1| miles long flowing southeastward into an arm of Bomoseen 
Lake (tributary through Castleton River to Poultney River and Lake Cham- 
plain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence); elevation above 
sea level, 586 feet; fall of outlet, 173 feet. Castleton sheet. 

Half Pound Pond. — Lamoille County; eastern part of Hyde Park; outlet eastward 
to Green River (tributary through Lamoille River to Lake Champlain and thus 
through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence). Walker map. 

Halls Pond. — Essex County; southwestern part of the town of Concord; outlet, a 
stream 4 miles long flowing east of south into Connecticut River. V/alker map. 

Halls Pond. — Orange County; south-central part of the town of Newbiuy; outlet, 
Wliiting Brook (tributary through Chalmers Brook to the Connecticut). Walker 
map. 

Hampshire Hollow Brook. — Rutland County; rises in the east-central part of the 
town of Poultney, at an altitude of 900 feet above sea level; flows southward to 
Clark Hollow Brook (tributary through Poultney River to Lake Champlain and 
thus through Richelieu River to St. the Lawrence); length, 2 miles; fall, 280 feet. 
Castleton sheet. 

Hancock Branch. — Addison County; town of Ripton; rises on the south slope of 
Battell Mountain, at an altitude of 3,200 feet above sea level; flows southeastward 
to its junction with White River (tributary to the Connecticut) in the eastern 
part of the town of Hancock; length, about 7 miles; principal tributaries, Texas 
Brook and Robins Branch; fall, 2,280 feet. Rochester sheet. 

Happy Valley Brook. — Windsor County; rises in the northwestern part of Hart- 
land, at an altitude of 1,280 feet; flows in general northward into Ottauquechee 
River (tributary to the Connecticut); fall, 650 feet; length, about 3 miles. Han- 
over sheet. 

Harlow Brook. — ^Windsor County; rises in the northern part of Hartland, at an 
altitude of 1,160 feet; flows northeastward about 3^- miles into Ottauquechee 
River (tributary to the Connecticut); fall, 760 feet. Hanover sheet. 

Harrimans Pond.— Orange County; eastern part of town of Newbiu^y; outlet, a 
stream 4 miles long flowing southeastward into Connecticut River. Walker map. 

Harvey Lake. — Caledonia County; southwestern part of the town of Barnet; princi- 
pal inlet, a stream carrying the overflow from Foster and Martins ponds ; outlet, a 
stream 1 mile long, flowing eastward into Stevens River (tributary to the Con- 
necticut). The lake receives, also, a stream draining a small area in the northern 
part of Ryegate and the southwestern part of Barnet. Walker map; called Jewel 
Brook on post-route map. 

Hayes Brook. — Rutland County; rises in the western part of the town of Pittsfield, 
at an altitude of 2,500 feet; flows in a southwesterly direction to West Branch of 
Tweed River (tributary through Tweed River to White River and thus to the 
Connecticut) at Michigan Camp; length, 2^ miles; fall, 1,100 feet. Rochester sheet. 

Haystack Brook. — ^Windham County; rises in Haystack Pond in the northwestern 
part of the town of Wilmington; flows eastward 2 miles into Cold Brook (tributaiy 
through North Branch of Deerfield River to Deerfield River and thus to the Con- 
necticut); fall, 1,000 feet. Wilmington sheet. 

Haystack Pond. — ^Windham County; in the northwestern corner of Wilmington; 
about half a mile long; area, 54 acres; altitude, 2,800 feet; outlet. Haystack 
Brook to Cold Brook, a branch of North Branch of Deerfield River (tributary 
though Deerfield River to the Connecticut). Wilmington sheet. 



GAZETTEER OF STREAMS. 169 

Herrick Brook. — Rutland County; rises in the southeastern part of the town of 
Pawlet, at an altitude of 990 feet above sea level; flows southward IJ miles, then 
tiuns abruptly and flows northwestward to its jimction with Mettawee River 
(tributary to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. 
Lawrence) near the line between Rutland and Bennington counties; fall, 300 
feet. Pawlet sheet. 

Hewett Brook. — Rutland County; town of Chittenden; a stream about 4 miles long 
flowing southeastward into East Creek (tributary through Otter Creek to Lake 
Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence) about 2 miles 
northeast of the village of Chittenden. Rochester and Rutland sheets. 

High Pond. — Rutland County; southwestern part of town of Hubbardton; elevation 
above sea level, about 800 feet. Castleton sheet. 

High Pond. — Rutland Coimty; southeastern part of Sudbury; outlet, a stream 3^ 
miles long flowing northward and northeastward to Otter Creek (tributary to 
Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence) 2 miles 
west of Brandon; elevation above sea level, 1,028 feet; fall of outlet, 680 feet, of 
which 530 feet occurs in the first 1| miles of its course. Brandon sheet. 

HiNESBURGH Brook. — ^Windham County; rises in the southeastern part of the town 
of Marlboro; flows southeastward across the northeastern corner of Halifax into 
Guilford, where it joins Green River (tributary through Deerfield River to the 
Connecticut); length, about 4 miles. Walker map; not named on Brattleboro 
sheet. 

HiNESBURG Pond. — Chittenden County; at intersection of boundary lines between 
Williston, Richmond, Hinesbm-g, and Shelbume; one inlet from the north; 
outlet southward by Pond Brook to La Platte River (tributary to Lake Cham- 
plain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence); elevation above 
sea level, 684 feet; somewhat more than a mile long; half a mile wide; area, 250 
acres; an expansion of the outlet, beginning one-fourth mile below the main 
pond and extending within half a mile of Mechanicsville, is 661 feet above sea 
level. Burlington sheet. 

HiNKUM Pond. — Rutland County; southern part of town of Sudbury; outlet, a stream 
three-foiuths mile long flowing westward to Burr Pond (outlet through Horton 
Pond to Hubbardton and Poultney rivers and Lake Champlain and thus through 
Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence); area, 49 acres; elevation above sea level, 
717 feet; fall of outlet, 205 feet. Brandon sheet. 

Holland Brook. — Orleans County; rises in Holland Pond in the northeastern part 
of the town of Holland; flows northwestward into Stanstead, Province of Quebec, 
where it joins Johns River (tributary through Lake Memphremagog to Magog and 
St. Francis rivers and thus to the St. Lawrence). Walker map and Carte 
Regionale No. 5 of Quebec. 

Holland Pond. — Orleans County; northeastern part of the town of Holland; outlet, 
Holland Brook to Johns River (tributary to Lake Memphremagog and thus 
through Magog and St. Francis rivers to the St. Lawrence). Walker map and 
Carte Regionale No. 5 of Quebec. 

Hollow Brook. — Addison County; rises in the southeastern part of Hinesburg, at 
an altitude of 1,300 feet above sea level; course exceedingly crooked, passing 
from southeast to southwest, then to the northwest and finally to the south; it 
joins Lewis Creek (tributary to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu 
River to the St. Lawrence) in the northeastern corner of the town of Monkton; 
the distance between source and mouth in a straight line is little more than 3 
miles, but following the coiirse of the brook it is about 7 miles; fall, 930 feet, of 
which 600 feet occurs in the first 2 miles. Burlington sheet. 



170 SUEFACE WATERS OP VERMONT. 

Home Creek. — Chittenden County; rises in the northwestern part of Charlotte, at 
an altitude of about 180 feet above sea level; flows southwest, west, and north- 
west into Lake Champlain (outlet through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence); 
length, about 2 miles; fall, 80 feet; tributary, Pringle Brook. Willsboro sheet. 

Hoosic River. — Rises about 2 miles northwest of Dal ton, in Berkshire County, Mass., 
at an altitude of 1,500 feet above sea level. Its general course lies first somewhat 
east of north to North Adams, where it receives its North Branch, thence north- 
westward passing across the extreme southwestern corner of Vermont into Rens- 
selaer County, N. Y.; at the northern border of that county it turns and flows 
irregularly westward, joining the Hudson opposite Stillwater. The total length 
of the river to the head of the South Branch or main stream is about 56 miles; 
its fall is 1,420 feet. Area of drainage basin, about 730 square miles (Rafter); 
principal tributaries, Little Hoosic and Walloomsac rivers and Tomhannock 
Creek, all of which enter in the State of New York. The principal tributaries in 
Massachusetts are North Branch of the Hoosic and Green rivers. Most of the 
other tributaries are short and unimportant. 

The country drained is to a great extent rugged and mountainous, the summits 
of the Taghkanick and Petersburg ranges attaining elevations of 1,000 to 2,000 
feet above sea level, and the Ragged Mountains, south of North Adams, culminat- 
ing in Mount Greylock at 3,505 feet above sea level. The immediate valley of 
the Hoosic comprises a moderately hilly, open country, which is good farming 
land, even to the tops of the hills, and is well cultivated. 

The stream is one of the largest tributaries of the Hudson and, excepting per- 
haps the Mohawk, is the most important in point of manufactm-ing. A large 
share of the fall has been improved. Tenth Census Rept., vol. 16; Rafter, 
Hydrology of the State of New York; New York State Mus. Bull. 85. Becket, 
Greylock, Berlin, Hoosic, and Cohoes sheets. 

Hoosic River,. North Branch. — Bennington County, Vt., Berkshire County, Mass.; 
rises in the town of Stamford, near Heartwellville, Vt., flows south westward to 
the city of North Adams, where it joins Hoosic River (tributary to the Hudson); 
length, 11 miles; principal tributary in Vermont, Roaring Brook. Bennington 
and Greylock sheets. 

Horrid Brook. — Windsor County; a small stream about 1| miles long; rises in the 
western part of the town of Rochester; flows in a northeasterly direction to its 
junction with Smith Brook (tributary to Brandon Brook and thus through White 
River to the Connecticut). Rochester sheet. 

Horse Pond. — Caledonia and Orleans counties; on line between Wheelock, Cale- 
donia County, and Greensboro, Orleans County; outlet to Lamoille River (tribu- 
tary to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence). 
Colton map and Walker map. 

HoRTON PoND.^Rutland County; in the northern part of Mount Holly; flows north- 
ward to a branch of Black River (tributary to the Connecticut); small. Walker 
map. 

HoRTON Pond. — Rutland County; on line between Sudbury and Hubbard ton; inlet 
from Burr Pond, which receives the overflow from Hinkum and Huff ponds; 
outlet, Hubbard ton River to Poultney River (tributary to Lake Champlain 
and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence); elevation above sea 
level, 484 feet; about 2 miles long; maximum width, three-fourths mile; area, 
873 acres. Brandon and Castleton sheets. 

Hospital Creek. — Addison County; rises in the northwestern part of the town of 
Bridport, at an altitude of 180 feet above sea level; flows north and northwest and 
enters Lake Champlain (outlet through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence) 
at Crane Point; length, about 5 miles; fall, 79 feet; a number of small branch- 
ing tributaries drain the southwestern part of the town of Addison. Port Henry 
sheet. 



GAZETTEER OF STREAMS. 171 

Howard Brook. — Windham County; formed in the northeastern part of the town of 
Jamaica by the junction of Mill and Sharp brooks, which drain the southern part 
of the town of Windham; flows southward 4 miles into West River (tributary to 
the Connecticut). Walker map. 

Howe Brook. — ^Windsor and Addison counties; rises in the northeastern part of the 
town of Rochester, at an altitude of 2,100 feet; flows in a southwesterly direction 
and joins White River (tributary to the Connecticut) half a mile below the village 
of Hancock; length, 4 miles; fall, 1,220 feet. Rochester sheet. 

Hubbard Brook. — Windsor County; rises in the northwestern part of Windsor, at an 
altitude of 1,230 feet; flows northward about half a mile, then southeastward about 
3J miles into Connecticut River. Walker map and Hanover sheet. 

Hubbardton River. — Rutland County; rises in Horton Pond (which receives the 
overflow from Burr, Hinkum, and Huff ponds) in the northwestern part of the 
town of Hubbardton, at an altitude of 484 feet above sea level; flows in a winding 
but general southwesterly course to its junction with Poultney River (tributary 
to Lake Champlainand thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence) in 
the southern part of the town of West Haven; length, about 13 miles; fall, about 
350 feet. Castleton and Whitehall sheets. 

HmPF Pond. — Rutland County; central part of town of Sudbury; outlet, a stream 1|- 
miles long flowing southward to Burr Pond (outlet through Horton Pond to Hub- 
bardton and Poultney rivers and Lake Champlain and thus through RicheUeu 
River to the St. Lawrence); area, 30 acres: elevation above sea level, 772 feet; 
fall of outlet, 260 feet. Brandon sheet. 

HuNGERFORD Brook. — Franklin County; rises, at altitude of 560 feet, on Aldis Hill 
east of the city of St. Albans; flows northward across Swanton and the north- 
western corner of Sheldon into Highgate, where it joins Missisquoi River (tribu- 
tary to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence); 
length, 9 miles; fall, 440 feet. St. Albans sheet. 

Hunt Brook. — Caledonia County; a stream about 4 miles long draining a small area 
in eastern Ryegate and flowing southeastward into Connecticut River. Walker 
map. 

Huntington River. — Chittenden County; rises in the southern part of the town of 
Huntington; flows in a general northerly course to Winooski River (tributary to 
Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence), which 
it enters at Jonesville in the town of Richmond; about 10 miles long; tributary 
from Gilletts Pond; other tributaries unnamed on maps; gaging station at Jones- 
ville, 1910. Colton map, Walker map, and post-route map. 

I. 

Indian Brook. — Chittenden County; rises in the southeastern part of Colchester; 
flows northwestward into Lake Champlain (outlet through Richelieu River to 
the St. Lawrence) at Malletts Bay; about 5 miles long. Walker map and 
Milton sheet. 

Inman Pond. — Rutland County; northwestern part of town of Fair Haven; outlet 
by a stream about 5 miles long winding southward through an imnamed pond 
to Poultney River (tributary to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu 
River to the St. Lawrence) half a mile below the mouth of Castleton River; 
elevation above sea level, about 660 feet; fall of outlet, 360 feet, of which 
230 feet takes place within a quarter of a mile as the stream leaves the lower 
of the two ponds; upper pond is about half a mile in maximum width; area, 
■ 63 acres; lower is about a mile long and an eighth of a mile in maximimi width. 
Whitehall sheet. 

Ira Brook. — Rutland County; rises in the southern part of the town of Ira, at an 
altitude of 1,170 feet above sea level; flows northeastward into Clarendon River 



172 SURFACE WATERS OP VERMONT. 

(tributary through Otter Creek to Lake Champlain and thus through RicheHeu 
River to the St. Lawrence) near Clarendon Springs; length, about 5 miles; fall, 
590 feet. Pawlet and Castleton sheets. 
Island Pond. — Essex County; town of Brighton; several inflowing streams; outlet, 
Clyde River to Lake Memphremagog (outlet through Magog and St. Francis 
rivers to the St. Lawrence); 2 miles long and about 1 mile wide. Walker map. 

J. 

Jackson Brook. — Orange Coimty; rises in the western part of the town of Thet- 

ford; flows west of south 1^ miles to Rices Mills, where it joins West Branch of 

Ompompanoosuc River (tributary through Ompompanoosuc River to the Con- 

• necticut); principal tributary, a stream somewhat more than 2 miles long rising 

between Davidson and Center Hills and flowing southeastward. Strafford sheet. 

Jackson Pond. — Rutland County; at Mechanicsville, town of Mount Holly; outlet, a 
stream about 1 mile long flowing southwestward into Mill River (tributary 
through Otter Creek to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to 
the St. Lawrence) at Tarbellville; area, 50 acres; elevation above sea level, 
about 1,810 feet; fall of outlet, 300 feet; pond is about three-eighths of a mile 
long and wide. WalUngford sheet. 

Jacksonville Pond. — Windham County; northeastern part of Whitingham in the 
course of East Branch of North River (tributary tkrough Deerfield River to the 
Connecticut); altitude, 1,500 feet; area, 26 acres; Walker map; unnamed on the 
Wilmington sheet. 

Jail Brook. — Orange Coimty; rises near the northwestern boimdary of Vershire; 
flows westward into East (First) Branch of White River (tributary to the Connecti- 
cut); about 4 miles long. Strafford sheet. 

Jail Brook. — Orange County; rises in the eastern part of WilUamstown; flows 
southeastward into the town of Washington; then northward and northwestward 
to its junction with Stevens Brook (tributary through Winooski River to Lake 
Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence) in Barre, 
Washington Coimty. Colton map and Walker map. 

Jay Brook. — Orleans County; rises in the central part of the town of Jay; flows 
southeastward into Missisquoi River (tributary to Lake Champlain and thus 
through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence) in the town of Troy; tributary. 
South Brook; length, about 5 miles. Colton map and Walker map. 

Jenken Brook. — Orange County; rises in the western part of the town of Vershire; 
flows northwestward in East (First) Branch of White River (tributary to the Con- 
necticut through White Jliver); only branch named on map, Beaver Meadow 
Brook; length, about 5 miles. Strafford sheet. 

Jericho Brook. — Windsor Coimty; rises in the southern part of Norwich at an 
altitude of about 1,360 feet; flows southwestward into White River (tributary to 
the Connecticut) in the northern part of Hartford; fall, 1,000 feet; length, about 
3 miles. Hanover sheet. 

Jewel Brook. — Caledonia County; rises in the northwestern part of the town of 
Ryegate; flows southeastward 1 mile, then northeastward 3 miles into Harvey 
Lake (outlet through Stevens River to the Connecticut). Post-route map. 

Jewett Brook. — Bennington County; rises in the west-central part of Pownal, 
north of Mann Hill, at an altitude of 1,150 feet; flows east of north and north- 
eastward into South Stream, a branch of Walloomsac River (tributary through 
Hoosic River to the Hudson); fall, 420 feet; length, 6 miles. Bennington sheet. 

Jewett Brook. — Franklin County; rises in the southwestern part of Swanton; 
flows southward into Stevens Brook (tributary to Lake Champlain and thus 
through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence) in the town of St. Albans; about 
6 miles long. Walker map and St. Albans sheet. 



GAZETTEER OF STREAMS. 173 

Joes Brook. — Caledonia County; rises in Stannard Pond in the eastern part of the 
town of Stannard; flows westward to Coles Pond, west of south through upper 
Joes Pond to Joes Pond, thence southeastward across the southern part of the 
town of Danville and the northern part of Barnet to its junction with Passumpsic 
River (tributary to the Connecticut); length, about 20 miles. Colton map and 
Walker map. 

Joes Brook. — Lamoille County; rises in Joes Pond, in the southern part of Morris- 
town; flows northward into Lamoille River (tributary to Lake Champlain and 
thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence) near Morris ville; about 4 miles 
long. Colton map and Walker map. 

Joes Pond. — Caledonia County; eastern part of the town of Cabot and southwestern 
part of Danville; inlets, a stream from Lyford Pond and upper Joes Brook; 
outlet, Joes Brook (tributary to Passumpsic River and thus to the Connecticut); 
the pond is about 3 miles long and nearly a mile wide; a small arm at the north 
end is called Upper Joes Pond. Walker map. 

Joes Pond. — Lamoille County; southern part of Morristown; outlet, Joes Brook to 
Lamoille River (tributary to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu 
River to the St. Lawrence); very small. Colton map and Walker map. 

Johnson Pond. — Addison and Rutland counties; on hne between Orwell, Addison 
Coimty, and Sudbury, Rutland County; outlet, Lemon Fair River to Otter Creek 
(tributary to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. 
Lawrence); elevation above sea level, 445 feet. Brandon sheet. 

Johnsons Brook. — Orleans Coimty; rises in the southern part of Lowell; flows 
northward into Missisquoi River (tributary to Lake Champlain and thus 
through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence). Colton map and Walker map. 

Johns River. — Province of Quebec and Orleans County, Vt. ; rises in Stanstead, 
Quebec, and flows very irregularly southwestward into the northwestern part of 
the town of Derby, Orleans County, Vt., where it enters Lake Memphremagog 
(outlet through Magog and St. Francis rivers to the St. Lawrence) ; position indi- 
cated only by name on Walker map; sho^vn but not named on the map to 
accompany Part J, Annual Report Geological Survey, Canada, 1886. Carte 
Regionale No. 5, of Quebec. 

Joiner Brook. — Chittenden County ; rises in the eastern part of Bolton ; flows south- 
ward into Winooski River (tributary to Lake Champlain and thus through 
Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence) about 1^ miles below the mouth of Prince 
Brook; about 4 miles long. Colton map and Walker map. 

Jones Brook. — Washington County; rises in the southeastern part of Moretowa; 
flows irregularly northeastward into Winooski River (tributary to Lake Cham- 
plain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence) 3 miles west of 
Montpeher; about 4 miles long. Colton map and Walker map. 

Jones Brook. — Washington County; rises in the northern part of Northfield; flows 
southeastward into Dog River (tributary through Winooski River to Lake Cham- 
plain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence) near Northfield 
Falls; about 4 miles long. Colton map and Walker map. 

Joy Brook. — Windham County; a short stream rising in the west-central part of 
Townshend and flowing southeastward into West River (tributary to the Con- 
necticut). Walker map. 

K. 

Keeler Pond. — Rutland County; on line between Sudbury and Hubbardton; one 
small inflowing stream; outlet, a stream one-eighth mile long flowing southward 
to Beebe Pond (outlet through Austin Pond to Bomoseen Lake and thus through 
Castleton and Poultney rivers and Lake Champlain to Richelieu River and the 
St. Lawrence); area, 52 acres; elevation above sea level, 622 feet, same as that 
of Beebe Pond. Brandon and Castleton sheets. 



174 SURFACE WATERS OF VERMONT. 

Kelly Brook. — Franklin County; rises in the southern part of the town of Highgate; 
flows southeastward 1^ miles, then southwestward 1 mile into Missisquoi Biver 
(tributary to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. 
Lawrence). St. Albans sheet. 

Kendall Brook. — Addison County; rises in the northern part of the town of Gran- 
ville; flows west of south 3 miles into White River (tributary to the Connecti- 
cut). Walker map and Rochester sheet. 

Ketchum Brook. — Washington County; rises in the eastern part of the town of Barre ; 
flows northwestward, then southwestward to its junction with Stevens Brook 
(tributary through Winooski River to Lake Champlain and thus through Riche- 
lieu River to the St. Lawrence) in Barre city; about 4 miles long. Col ton map 
and Walker map. 

Kettle Pond. — Caledonia County; small pond in the northwestern part of town of 
Groton, discharging by a stream flowing southeastward into Groton Pond (outlet, 
Wells River to the Connecticut). Walker map. 

Kjdder Pond. — ^Orleans County; northern part of Irasburg; no outlet is shown on the 
map, but the discharge is possibly to Chamberlain Brook (tributary through 
Black River to Lake Memphremagog and thus through Magog and St. Francis 
rivers to the St. Lawrence). Walker map. 

KiLBURN Brook. — Windsor County; rises at an altitude of 1,100 feet in the south- 
eastern part of Hartford; flows irregularly southeast, northeast, and east into the 
Connecticut; several small branches; fall, 800 feet; length, about 4 miles. Han- 
over sheet. 

KiLBY Brook. — Essex County; rises southeast of Haystack Mountain; flows northeast- 
ward and northward 4 miles into Clyde River (tributary through Lake Memphre- 
magog to Magog and St. Francis Rivers and thus to the St. Lawrence). 
Walker map. 

Kiln Brook. — Rutland County; town of Chittenden; rises west of Westmore Gap; 
flows southwestward 2^ miles into Furnace Brook (tributary through Otter Creek 
to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence). 
Rochester sheet. 

Kingsbury Branch. — Washington County; rises in Buck Pond in the northern part 
of Woodbury; flows southward to its junction with Winooski River (tributary to 
Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence) in the 
eastern part of East Montpelier; length, about 12 miles; passes through Sabine 
Pond and receives small tributaries from West Long, Wheelocks, Nelsons, Curtis, 
and BUss ponds. Colton map, Walker map, and post-route map. 

KiNNEYS Pond. — Orleans County; eastern part of Newport; outlet, a stream about 
half a mile long flowing eastward to Daggetts Pond (tributary through Black 
River to Lake Memphremagog and thus through Magog and St. Francis rivers 
to the St. Lawrence); very small. Walker map. 

KiRBY Hollow BROOK.^Bennington County; rises on the southwestern slope of 
Dorset Mountain in the northwestern part of the town of Dorset, at an altitude 
of 2,800 feet above sea level; flows southward about 2 miles to its junction with 
Mettawee River (tributary to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu 
River to the St. Lawrence); fall, 1,920 feet. Pawlet sheet. 

Knob Hill Pond. — Washington County; northern part of Marshfield; outlet, a 
stream about a mile long flowing southeastward to Winooski River (tributary 
to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence). 
Colton map and Walker map. 



GAZETTEER OF STREAMS. 175 

L. 

Lake. — See significant name. 

Lakota Lake. — Windsor County; southern part of Barnard; about one-third of a 
mile long; area, 21 acres; altitude, 1,885 feet; inlet, short streams from a swamp; 
outlet, Richmond Brook to Gulf Stream, a branch of Barnard Brook (tributary to 
Ottauquechee River and thus to the Connecticut). Woodstock sheet. 

Lamoille River. — Orleans County; rises in the eastern part of the town of Greens- 
boro, where it is formed by the union of several small streams; flows southward 
to Hardwick, then turns to the northwest, passes through the middle of Lamoille 
County, crosses the southern part of Franklin County, and joins Lake Cham- 
plain (outlet through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence), in the northwestern 
corner of Chittenden County, in the town of Milton. Like the Winooski , it cuts 
through the Green Mountains, but it is not so large as the Winooski nor quite 
so long, map measurement including the larger bends indicating about 50 miles; 
drainage area, 725 square miles; considerable areas in the upper part of the basin 
are forested. Lakes are numerous and some storage has already been developed, 
but opportunities for improvement are many. Important tributaries are Greens- 
boro Brook (flowing from Caspian Lake), Pond Brook (from Wolcott Pond), Green 
River, Joes Brook, Gihon River, North Branch, Mill River, and Browns River. 
Gaging stations: At Cadys Falls, 1909-10 and 1913-1916; at Johnson, 1911-1913; at 

West Milton, 1903. 
Surveys and data: Geology of Vermont, 1861, vols. 1 and 2; Col ton map. Walker 
map, post-route map, and U. S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 264, pp. 110- 
112, 1910. 

Lamoille River, North Branch. — Lamoille County; rises in Long Pond in the 
northern part of the town of Eden; flows westward and southwestward to its junc- 
tion with Lamoille River (tributary to Lake Champlain and thus through Riche- 
lieu River to the St. Lawrence) in the northeastern part of the town of Cambridge; 
about 12 miles long. Colton map. Walker map, and post-route map. 

Lampson Pond. — Orange County; a small pond in the northern part of the town of 
Brookfield, discharging by a southward-flowing stream to Colts Pond (outlet 
through a stream discharging to Ayers Brook (tributary through Third Branch 
of White River to "White River and thus to the Connecticut). Walker map. 

La Pawac Brook. — Essex and Caledonia counties; rises in the northern part of the 
town of East Haven, west of Mount Seneca; flows north of west 3 miles into the 
East Branch of Passumpsic River (tributary through Passumpsic River to the 
Connecticut). The stream to which La Pawac Brook is tributary is called East 
Branch of Passumpsic River on Colton map of Vermont, but is unnamed on 
Walker map. Walker map and Colton map. 

La Platte River. — Chittenden County; rises in the southeastern part of Hinesburg, 
at an altitude of 1,200 feet above sea level; takes a general northwesterly course 
to Lake Champlain (outlet through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence), 
which it enters at Shelburne Bay; length, about 14 miles; fall from highest 
source, 1,100 feet, of which 700 feet occurs in the first mile; principal tribu- 
taries. Pond Brook (from Hinesburg Pond) and Mud Hollow Brook. Called La 
Plop River on Colton map and Laplop River in Hitchcock's Report on geology of 
Vermont, 1861. Burlington and Willsboro sheets. 

Leach Pond. — See Forest Lake. 

Leach Stream. — Essex County; rises in Little Leach Pond in the northern part of 
the town of Averill and flows northeastward into Forest Lake (Leach Pond); 
from Forest Lake it flows across a small area in southern Quebec; again crossing 
the State line it flows southward to Connecticut River a short distance below 
Canaan; length between Forest Lake and Little Leach Pond, about 3 miles; drain- 
age area, 53 square miles. Walker map and Carte Regionale No. 5 of Quebec. 
73175°— wsp 424r— 17 12 



176 SURFACE WATERS OP VERMONT, 

Ledge Creek. — Addison County; rises in the eastern part of Weybridge, at an ele- 
vation of 460 feet above sea level; flows southward, westward, and northwestward 
to its junction with Lemon Fair River (tributary through Otter Creek to Lake 
Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence); length, 
about 5 miles; fall, approximately 330 feet. Middlebury sheet. 

Lees Pond. — Essex County; eastern part of the town of Victory, on Granby Stream 
(tributary through Moose River to Passumpsic River and thus to the Connecti- 
cut); small. Walker map. 

Leicester River. — Addison County; rises in Lake Dunmore, in the southern part 
of Salisbury, at an altitude of 571 feet above sea level; flows southwestward into 
Otter Creek (tributary to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to 
the St. Lawrence), three-fourths of a mile north of Leicester Junction; length, 
about 4| miles; fall, 220 feet, of which 190 feet occurs within IJ miles just below 
the lake. Brandon sheet. 

Lemon Fair River. — Addison County; rises in Johnson Pond, on the line between 
Orwell, Addison County, and Sudbury, Rutland County, at an altitude of 445 
feet above sea level; takes a general northerly course across the towns of Orwell, 
Shoreham, Bridport, and the northwestern corner of Cornwell to its junction with 
Otter Creek (tributary to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to 
the St. Lawrence) in the town of Weybridge; length, about 26 miles, including 
major turns; fall, approximately 300 feet; principal tributaries, Beaver Branch 
and Ledge Creek. Brandon, Ticonderoga, Middlebury, and Port Henry sheets. 

Levi Pond. — Caledonia County; a very small pond in the northeastern part of the 
town of Groton, discharging eastward to Red Brook (tributary through Wells 
River to the Connecticut). Walker map. 

Lewis Brook. — Rutland County; rises in the northeastern part of the town of Poult- 
ney, being formed by the union of several tiny streams starting at altitudes of 
1,200 to 1,300 feet above sea level; flows westward and southwestward to its union 
with Poultney River (tributary to Ijake Champlain and thus through Richelieu 
River to the St. Lawrence) in the southeastern part of the town of Fair Haven; 
length, about 6 miles; fall, about 900 feet, of which 700 feet takes place in the 
first 2 J miles of its course. Castle ton sheet. 

Lewis Creek. — Addison County; rises near the central part of Starksboro, the tiny 
streams that form its headwaters starting at altitudes ranging from 1,200 to 1,900 
feet or even more above sea level ; it flows for 2 or 3 miles southwestward to the 
southwestern part of Starksboro, where it turns abruptly and flows northward into 
Hinesburg; here its course becomes in general westward to Charlotte, and it finally 
takes a southwesterly and westerly direction to Lake Champlain (outlet by 
Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence), which it enters just north of the mouth 
of Little Otter Creek; length, about 22 miles; fall, from highest source to Lake 
Champlain, about 1,800 feet, but 1,200 feet of this fall occurs in the first 4 miles 
of the stream's course; principal tributaries. Hollow Brook, Pond Brook (tribu- 
tary from Bristol Pond), and stream from Monkton Pond. Middlebury, Bur- 
lington, and Port Henry sheets. 

Lewis Pond. — Essex County; northern part of town of Lewis; outlet. West Branch 
(tributary through Black Branch to Nulhegan River and thus to the Con- 
necticut). Walker map. 

Lily Pond. — Rutland County; town of Poultney; two small inlets; outlet, a channel 
one-eighth of a mile long, southward to St. Catharine Lake (tributary through Wells 
Brook and Mettawee River to Lake Champlain, and thus through Richelieu 
River to the St. Lawrence); elevation above sea level, 477 feet, the same as 
that of St. Catharine Lake, of which it forms the northern arm. Pawlet sheet. 



GAZETTEER OF STREAMS, . 177 

Lily Pond. — Windham County; southern part of the town of Athens; a very small 
pond at the head of Grassy Brook (tributary through West River to the Connecti- 
cut). Walker map. 

Lily Pond. — Windham County; town of Londonderry; altitude, 1,450 feet; outlet,, 
by a short stream to Lowell Lake, which discharges by Pond Brook into West 
River (tributary to the Connecticut); area, 37 acres. Londonderry sheet and 
Walker map. 

Lily Pond. — Windsor County; a small pond in the eastern part of the town of Nor- 
wich, discharging by a stream flowing southwestward into Connecticut River. 
Hanover sheet. 

Lime Pond. — Caledonia County; in the northern part of the town of Sutton; outlet 
to Rocky Pond on one of the headwater tributaries to West Branch of Passumpsic 
River (tributary through Passumpsic River to the Connecticut); very small. 
Walker map. 

Lincoln Brook. — ^Washington County; rises in the southwestern part of Warren; 
flows eastward into Mad River (tributary through Winooski River to I^ake Cham- 
plain, and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence) near the center 
of the township; about 3 miles long. Walker map. 

Line Pond. — Windsor County; eastern part of the town of Barnard; a small pond at 
the head of one of the upper tributaries of Barnard Brook (tributary through Ottau- 
quechee River to the Connecticut). Woodstock sheet. 

Little Averill Pond. — Essex County; northwestern part of the town of Averill; 
one inlet, considered the head of Averill Stream; connected by a northward- 
flowing stream a mile long with Great Averill Pond; outlet, Averill Stream to 
Coaticook River, a branch of the Massawippi (tributary through St. Francis River 
to the St. Lawrence). Walker map. 

Little Clear Pond. — Lamoille County; eastern part of Hyde Park; no outlet 
shown on Walker map. 

Little Fish Pond. — Orleans County; northwestern part of the town of Sutton; out- 
let, a short stream flowing southward into Blake Pond (outlet through Crystal 
Lake to Barton River and thus through Lake Memphremagog and Magog and 
St. Francis rivers to the St. Lawrence); very small. Walker map. 

Little Hosmer Pond. — Caledonia County; southwestern part of town of Peacham; 
outlet, a stream 3 miles long flowing southward into Groton Pond ; (outlet, Wells 
River to the Connecticut). Walker map. 

Little Hosmer Pond. — Orleans County; northern part of Craftsbury; inlet from 
Great Hosmer Pond ; outlet, a stream 1 mile long flowing southeastward to Seaver 
Brook (tributary through Black River to Lake Memphremagog and thus through 
Magog and St. Francis rivers to the St. Lawrence). Walker map; called Osmore 
Pond on Colton map. 

Little Leach Pond. — Essex County; northern part of town of Averill; outlet, a 
stream 3 miles long flowing northeastward to Forest Lake (outlet to Connecticut 
River). Walker map. 

Little Mud Pond. — Orleans County; northwestern part of the town of Morgan; a 
very small pond at the head of Gochey Brook, tributary through Salem Pond to 
Clyde River (tributary through Lake Memphremagog to Magog and St. Francis 
rivers and thus to the St. Lawrence). Walker map. 

Little Otter Creek. — Addison County; rises near Bristol, at an altitude of about 
500 feet above sea level; flows irregularly northwestward and enters Lake Cham- 
plain (outlet through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence) in the northwestern 
part of Ferrisburg; length, including major windings, about 16 miles; fall, 400 
feet; swampy in lower course; principal tributary. Mud Creek. Middlebury and 
Port Henry sheets. 



178. SURFACE WATERS OF VERMONT. 

Little Pond. — Bennington County; southern part of town of Winhall; altitude, 
2,390 feet; two inlets; outlet, a stream less than a mile long flowing southwest- 
ward into Winhall River, a branch of West River (tributary to the Connecticut). 
Londonderry sheet. 

Little Pond. — Franklin County; eastern part of Franklin; outlet, a stream about 2 
miles long flowing westward into Franklin Pond (outlet through Pike River, 
Canada, to Missisquoi Bay in Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River 
to the St. Lawrence). Walker map. 

Little Pond. — Lamoille County; southeast of Elmore Mountain in the town of 
Elmore ;' outlet, a stream 1 J miles long flowing northward to Elmore Pond (outlet 
through Elmore Brook and Lamoille River to Lake Champlain and thus through 
Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence); about one-fourth mile long. Colton map 
and Walker map. 

Little Pond. — Rutland County; northeastern part of town of Benson; inlet from 
Choate Pond, and possibly also from Sunset Lake, though no connecting stream is 
shown; outlet, a stream 2 miles long flowing southward to Hubbard ton River 
(tributary through Poultney River to Lake Champlain and thus through Riche- 
lieu River so the St. Lawrence); area, 72 acres; elevation above sea level, 502 
feet; fall of outlet, 132 feet. Ticonderoga sheet. 

Little Pond. — Rutland County; southern part of town of Wallingford; outlet, a 
stream about 2 miles long flowing in a general westerly direction into Otter Creek 
(tributary to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Law- 
rence) near South Wallingford; area, 12 acres; elevation above sea level, 1,810 
feet; fall of outlet, 1,200 feet. Wallingford sheet. 

Little Pond. — Rutland County; southern part of town of Wells; inlet, from St. 
Catharine Lake, of which it is the southern arm; outlet, Mill Brook to Wells 
Brook (tributary through Mettawee River to Lake Champlain, and thus through 
Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence); elevation above sea level, the same as 
that of St. Catharine Lake — 477 feet; fall of outlet, 60 feet. Pawlet sheet. 

Little Roaring Brook. — Windsor County; rises in the southwestern part of Plym- 
outh; flows eastward into Black River (tributary to the Connecticut) about a 
mile south of Money Brook. Walker map. 

Little White Creek. — Bennington County, Vt., and Rensselaer County, N. Y.; 
rises in the southwestern part of Arlington, south of Grass Mountain, at an altitude 
of 2,450 feet; flows southward and southwestward across the northwestern part of 
Shaftsbury and southeastern White Creek, N. Y., and joins Walloomsac River, a 
branch of Hoosic River (tributary to the Hudson) at North Hoosick; passes 
through Briggs Corners, Vt., and Martindale Corners and White Creek, N. Y., 
receives several small branches; fall, 2,050 feet, of which about 1,500 feet occurs 
in the 3^ miles of the stream above the New York- Vermont State line; length, 13 
miles. Bennington, Hoosick, and Equinox sheets. Called White Creek on 
Equinox sheet. 

Locust Creek.— Windsor County; rises in the northwestern part of the town of 
^ Bridgewater; flows through Barnard into White River (tributary to the Connec- 
ticut) in the southeastern part of the town of Bethel ; principal tributary, a stream 
from Silver Lake; length, 7 miles. Walker map and Woodstock sheet. 

Logger Brook. — Essex County. See Black Branch. 

Long Pond. — Caledonia County; northern part of the town of Shefiield; inlet, from 
Round Pond; outlet, a stream 2 miles long flowing westward into Barton River 
(tributary through Lake Memphremagog to Magog and St. Francis rivers and thus 
to the St. Lawrence). Walker map. 

Long Pond. — Chittenden County; northwestern part of Milton; outlet, a stream 
about IJ miles long flowing southward into Trout Brook (tributary to Lake Cham- 
plain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence). Colton map. 
Walker map, and Milton sheet. 



GAZETTEER OF STREAMS. 179 

Long Pond. — Lamoille County; northern part of the town of Eden; outlet westward 
by North Branch of Lamoille River to Lamoille River (tributary to Lake Cham- 
plain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence) ; about a mile long. 
Colton map, Walker map, and post-route map. 

Long Pond. — Orange County; western part of town of Newbury; outlet, a stream 4 
miles long flowing southeastward into Chalmers Brook (tributary to the Connecti- 
cut). Walker map. 

Long Pond. — Orleans County; northeastern part of Greensboro; 2 inlets; outlet, 
Lamoille River to Lake Champlain (outlet through Richelieu River to the St- 
Lawrence) 1 J miles long by three-fourths of a mile wide. Colton map. Walker 
map, and post-route map. 

Long Pond. — Orleans County; town of Westmore; outlet, Mill Brook to Willoughby 
Lake (tributary through 'Willoughby River to Barton River and Lake Memphre- 
magog and thus through Magog and St. Francis rivers to the St. Lawrence). 
Walker map. 

Long Pond, East. — Washington County; eastern part of Woodbury; inlet, froih Mud 
Pond; outlet, a stream half a mile long, flowing northeastward to Nichols Pond 
(tributary through Lamoille River to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu 
River to the St. Lawrence). Colton map and Walker map. 

Long Pond, West. — Washington County; northern part of Woodbury; outlet, south- 
ward to Kingsbury Brook (tributary through Winooski River to Lake Champlain 
and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence). Colton map and 
Walker map. 

Lord Brook. — Windsor and Orange counties; rises in the northeastern part of the 
town of Sharon at an altitude of 1,640 feet above sea level; flows northeastward to 
Rices Mills in the southwestern part of the town of Thetford, where it joins West 
Branch of Ompompanoosuc River (tributary through Ompompanoosuc River to the 
Connecticut); length, about 5 miles. Strafford sheet. 

Lord Creek. — Orleans County; rises in the southwestern part of Albany; flows 
northeastward to its junction with Black River (tributary to Lake Memphremagog, 
and thus through Magog and St. Francis rivers to the St. Lawrence) in Irasburg; 
length, about 8 mUes. Colton map. Walker map, and post-route map. 

Lost Lake. — Franklin County; northeastern part of Georgia; outlet. Mill River to 
Lake Champlain (outlet through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence); very 
small. Walker map and St. Albans sheet. 

Lost Pond. — Bennington County; southeastern part of Sunderland ; 1 inlet; outlet, 
a stream half a mile long flowing northward to South Alder Brook (tributary to 
Roaring Branch of Batten Kill and thus to the Hudson) ; elevation above sea level, 
2,630 feet; fall of outlet, 250 feet. Equinox sheet. 

Loveland Brook. — Franklin County; rises in the east-central part of Richford; 
flows northwestward to its junction with Missisquoi River (tributary to Lake 
Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence) near the 
town of Berkshire line; about 5 miles long. Colton map and Walker map. 

Lowell Lake. — Windham County; in the northeastern part of Londonderry; alti- 
tude, 1,290 feet; chief inlet, a stream from Lily Pond ; outlet, Pond Brook to West 
River (tributary to the Connecticut); area, 122 acres. Walker map and London- 
derry sheet. 

Lucas Brook. — Franklin County; rises in the northeastern part of Richford; flows 
northwestward into Missisquoi River (tributary to Lake Champlain and thus 
through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence) near East Richford; about 2 
miles long. Walker map. 

Lulls Brook. — ^Windsor County; rises in the northwest corner of West Windsor, at 
an altitude of 1,520 feet; flows in general eastward into the Connecticut about 
two-thirds of a mile north of the town of Windsor line; chief branch, Alder 
Meadow Brook; fall, 1,220 feet; length, 9 miles. Hanover and Woodstock sheets. 



180 SURFACE WATERS OP VERMONT. 

LuNDS Pond. — Caledonia County; north-central part of town of Groton, on Wells 
River (tributary to Connecticut River). Walker map. 

Lye Brook. — Bennington County; rises in Lye Brook Meadows, in the northeastern 
part of Sunderland, at an elevation of 2,640 feet above sea level ; flows in a general 
northerly direction about 5 miles, then turns abruptly and flows southwestward to 
its junction with Batten Kill (tributary to the Hudson) ; length, 6 J miles; fall, 
1,990 feet, of which 1,890 feet occurs in the northward-flowing stretch. Equinox 
sheet. 

Lye Brook. — Caledonia County; rises in Pigeon Pond, in the western part of Groton; 
flows northwestward into Winooski River (tributary to Lake Champlain and 
thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence) in the town of Marshfield, 
Washington County; length, about 5 miles. Colton map and Walker map. 

Lypord Pond. — Caledonia County; southern part of the town of Walden; outlet, a 
stream 2 miles long flowing southeastward into Joes Pond (tributary through Joes 
Brook to Connecticut River). Walker map. 

Lyman Branch op Williams River. — See Williams River. 

Lyman Brook. — Bennington County; rises in the central part of Simderland, at an 
altitude of 2,460 feet above sea level; flows southwestward about IJ miles to its 
junction with Roaring Branch (tributary to Batten Kill, a branch of the Hud- 
son); fall, 500 feet. Equinox sheet. 

M. 

Mad Brook. — Orleans County; a small stream in the southeastern part of Charleston, 
flowing northward into Clyde River (tributary through Lake Memphremagog to 
Magog and St. Francis rivers and thus to the St. Lawrence). Walker map. 

Mad River. — Addison County; rises in the northern part of Granville; flows north- 
ward and northeastward across the towns of Warren, Waitsfield, and Moretown, 
Washington County, to its junction with Winooski River (tributary to Lake 
Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence), 6 miles 
northwest of Montpelier; length, about 18 miles; many small tributaries; the 
maps show no ponds or lakes in this basin; gaging station near Moretown, 1910. 
Colton map. Walker map, and post-route map. 

Mad Tom Brook. — Bennington County; rises on the southern slope of Mount Tabor, 
in the northwestern part of the town of Peru, at an altitude of 2,900 feet above 
sea level; flows southward and southwestward to East Dorset, where it joins a 
small stream from the north and takes the name of Batten Kill (tributary to the 
Hudson); length, about 5J miles; fall, 2,100 feet; several tributaries, two of 
which rise on the northwestern slope of Bromley Mountain at altitudes exceed- 
ing 2,800 feet. Wallingford, Londonderry, and Equinox sheets. See Batten 
Kill. 

Maidstone Lake. — Essex County; west-central part of the town of Maidstone; 
outlet, a stream less than 1 mile long flowing northwestward into Paul Stream 
(tributary to the Connecticut River); about 3 miles long and nearly 1 mile in 
maximum width. Walker map. 

Malletts Creek. — Chittenden County; rises in Milton Pond, in the eastern part 
of Milton; flows in a general southwesterly course into Malletts Bay, Lake Cham- 
plain (outlet through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence); about 10 miles long; 
tributary from Colchester Pond. Colton map. Walker map, post-route map, and 
Milton sheet. 

Manchester Brook. — Caledonia County; rises in the northern part of the town of 
Ryegate; flows southeastward tlirough Syms Pond into Connecticut River near 
East Ryegate post office; about 6 miles long. Walker map. 



GAZETTEER OF STEEAMS. ISl' 

Maquam Creek. — Franklin County; a channnel in the marsb. between Maquam 
Bay and Missisquoi River (tributary to Lake Cbamplain and thus through 
Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence). St. Albans sheet. 

Marlboro Branch. — ^Windham County; rises in the western part of the town of 
Marlboro, at an altitude of 2,200 feet above sea level; flows northeastward across 
Marlboro and the southeastern part of Newfane and joins West River (tributary 
to the Connecticut) in the northwestern part of the town of Dummerston; length, 
about 12 miles; fall, 1,820 feet, of which 1,000 feet occurs in 2 miles at the head; 
principal tributaries, Rock River and Baker Brook. Wilmington and Brattle- 
boro sheets. 

Marls Pond. — Caledonia County; eastern part of town of Sutton; a small pond be- 
tween two of the headwater branches of West Branch of Passumpsic River (tribu- 
tary through Passumpsic River to the Connecticut). Walker map. 

Marsh Brook. — Windsor County; rises in the northeastern part of the town of 
Rochester, at an altitude of 2,100 feet; flows in a southwesterly direction and 
joins White River (tributary to the Connecticut) about 2 miles above the village 
of Rochester; length, 4 miles; fall, 1,250 feet. Rochester sheet. 

Martins Brook. — ^Washington County; rises in the northern part, of Middlesex; 
flows southeastward into North Branch Winooski River (tributary through 
Winooski River to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the 
St. Lawrence); about 4 miles long. Colton map and Walker map. 

Martins Pond. — Caledonia County; southern part of the town of Peacham; outlet, 
a stream flowing northeastward to the stream connecting Foster Pond with 
Harvey Lake and Stevens River (tributary to the Connecticut). Walker map. 

May Pond. — Orleans County; eastern part of the town of Barton: outlet, a stream 2 
miles long flowing northwestward half a mile and south westward IJ miles into 
Crystal Lake (outlet through Barton River to Lake Memphremagog and thus 
through Magog and St. Francis rivers to the St. Lawrence). Walker map. 

McCoNNELL Pond. — Essex County; town of Brighton; a small pond on the head- 
water stream of Nulhegan River (tributary to Connecticut River). Walker map. 

Meadow Brook. — Orange County; rises in the northern part of the town of Topsham; 
flows southeastward 1 mile, then northeastward 2 miles into Wells River (tribu- 
tary to the Connecticut). Walker map. 

Meadow Brook. — Rutland County; rises in southeastern part of Wallingford, at an 
altitude of 2,180 feet above sea level; flows somewhat north of east about 2 miles 
to its junction with Mill River (tributary through Otter Creek to Lake Cham- 
plain, and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence) in the town of 
Mount Holly; fall, 720 feet. Wallingford sheet. 

Mears Hollow Brook. — Bennington County; a small stream draining a part of 
the northwestern slope of Equinox Mountain and flowing northwestward into 
Green River (tributary through Batten Kill to the Hudson) at the village of 
Beartown. Equinox sheet. 

Mbcawee Pond. — ^Windsor County; northwestern corner of Reading; altitude, 1,420 
feet; discharges by a stream about 1 mile long flowing southwestward into Hale 
Hollow Brook, a branch of Ottauquechee River (tributary to the Connecticut) ; 
small. Woodstock sheet. 

Memphremagog, Lake. — Partly in Canada and partly in Orleans County, Vt., be- 
tween the towns of Derby and Newport; principal tributaries in Vermont, Black, 
Barton, and Clyde rivers; outlet northward by Magog River to St. Francis River 
and thence to the St. Lawrence; about 33 miles long, 2 to 3 miles wide, and covers 
an area of 75 square miles, of which 15 square miles (approximately) is in Vermont. 
The tributary basin contains many lakes. Geology of Vermont, 2 vols., 1861; 
Colton map. Walker map, and post-route map. 



18^ ^UEFACE WATEES OP VERMONT. 

Mendon Brook. — Rutland County; rises on Mendon Peak, in the southeastern 
part of Mendon, at an altitude of 3,000 feet above sea level; flows south westward 
into Northern Branch of Cold River (tributary through Otter Creek to Lake 
Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence) in the 
northwestern part of the town of Shrewsbury; length, about 4 miles; fall, 1,850 
feet, of which 1,000 feet occurs in the first IJ miles of its coiu'se. Rutland sheet. 

Metcalf Pond. — Franklin County; northern part of Fletcher; outlet, Black Creek 
to Missisquoi River (tributary to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu 
River to the St. Lawrence); about 1 mile long by one-fourth mile wide. Colton 
map. Walker map, and post-route map. 

Mettawee River. — Bennington Coimty; rises on the slopes of the Mettawee in the 
northern part of the town of Dorset, the tiny streams that make the headwaters 
starting at altitudes of 3,200 feet above sea level; from the foot of the Mettawee 
(1,400 feet above sea level) the stream flows southward about 2 miles, then turns 
abruptly to the west and northwest, passes through the towns of Rupert and Paw- 
let, Vt., and Granville, Washington County, N. Y., and continues its northwesterly 
course, though with many bends and sharp turns, to its junction with East 
Bay, Lake Champlain (outlet through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence), at 
Whitehall, N. Y. Including the major bends its length is about 40 miles; 
total fall in the 38 miles below the foot of the Mettawee, about 1,300 feet. Drain- 
age area, 208 square miles, of which 152 square miles is in Vermont. The coim- 
try drained is exceedingly rugged and the river has many short tributaries 
draining steep mountain slopes. In Vermont the principal tributaries are 
Flower and Wells brooks, the last-named carrying the overflow from St. Cath- 
arine Lake, which reaches it through Little Pond and Mill Brook. The princi- 
pal tributaries of the Mettawee in New York are Indian River, which comes 
in just below Granville, and W^ood Creek, which enters above Whitehall. Paw- 
let, Fort Ann, and Whitehall sheets. 

Middle Brook. — Orange County; rises in the northern part of the town of West 
Fairlee; flows west of south about 6 miles into Fairlee Lake (outlet through 
Ompompanoosuc River to the Connecticut). Walker map. 

MiDDLEBURY RiVER. — Addison County; formed near Ripton by union of South and 
Middle branches; the South Branch, or continuation of the main stream, rises in 
Pleiad Lake in the western part of Hancock and takes a general northwesterly 
course; below the mouth of Middle Branch the river flows westerly to its junc- 
tion with Otter Creek (tributary to Lake Champlain and thus through Riche- 
lieu River to the St. Lawrence), about a mile northwest of Farmingdale, in the 
town of Middlebury; length, including major windings, about 10 miles; fall from 
Ripton (elevation, 1,100 feet) to Farmingdale, 740 feet, of which 600 feet occurs 
in the 3 miles between East Middlebury and Ripton. Rochester and Brandon 
sheets and Walker map. 

Middlebury River, Middle Branch. — ^Addison Coimty; rises in the eastern part 
of the town of Ripton; flows southward to the village of Ripton, where it unites 
with the South Branch to form Middlebury River (tributary through Otter Creek 
to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence), 
Rochester sheet. 

Middlebury River, North Branch. — Addison County; formed by two streams 
that drain the mountain slopes in southwestern Lincoln and northwestern Ripton 
and unite at an altitude of 1,500 feet; flows southward and southwestward to its 
junction with Middlebury River (tributary through Otter Creek to Laka Cham- 
plain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence) in the southeastern 
part of Middlebury Township; length, about 7 miles. Fall, below junction of 
principal headwater streams, 630 feet; tributary, Alder Brook. Middlebury and 
Brandon sheets. 

Middlebury River, South Branch. — See Middlebury River. 



GAZETTEER OP STREAMS. 183 

Miles Pond. — Essex County; north-central part of the town of Concord; outlet, Miles 
Brook (tributary to Connecticut River); about 1-| miles long and more than 
half a mile wide. Walker map. 

Miles Stream. — Essex county; rises in the northern part of Concord; flows south- 
ward to Miles Pond, then southeastward through the pond and discharges into 
Connecticut River; principal tributaries, East Brook and First Brook. Walkermap. 

Mill Brook. — Bennington County; rises near the center of Sunderland, at an alti- 
tude of 2,550 feet above sea level; flows southwest ward, westward, and northwest- 
ward to its junction with Batten Kill (tributary to the Hudson) at Sunderland; 
length, 4J miles; fall, about 1,920 feet, of which about 1,600 feet occurs within 
2"^ miles at the head of the stream. Equinox sheet. 

Mill Brook. — Bennington County; formed in the northeastern part of Winhall 
by two branches rising at altitudes of about 1,880 feet in the towns of Peru and 
Winhall; flows southeastward, northeastward about 1 mile, then southeastward 
across the southwestern corner of Londonderry and joins Winhall River, a branch 
of West River (tributary to the Connecticut) in the northwest corner of Jamaica; 
one small pond near the head of its course; chief branch, Eddy Brook; fall, 830 
feet; length, about 8 miles. Londonderry sheet. 

Mill Brook. — Chittenden County; rises in the northeastern part of Bolton; flows 
westward to its junction with Winooski River (tributary to Lake Champlain and 
thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence) in the southwestern part of 
the town of Jericho; length, about 8 miles. Colton map and Walker map. 

Mill Brook. — Chittenden County; rises in the southern part of Underbill; flows 
northwestward into Browns River (tributary through Lamoille River to Lake 
Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence) ; about 2 
miles long. Walker map. 

Mill Brook. — Essex County; rises in the central part of the town of Bloomfield; 
flows southeastward 3 miles into Connecticut River, 1 J miles northeast of Bloom- 
field post office. Walker map. 

Mill Brook. — Essex County; risesin eastern part of Granby; flows southeastward into 
Gaskill Brook (tributary to Connecticut River) ; about 4 miles long. Walker map. 

Mill Brook.— Essex County; rises in the central part of the town of Lemington; 
flows southeastward 3 miles into Connecticut River. Walker map. 

Mill Brook. — Essex County; a stream about 4 miles long, rising in the western part 
of the town of Victory and flowing very irregularly eastward to its junction with 
Umpire Brook, with which it forms Bog Brook (tributary through Moose River 
to Passumpsic River and thus to the Connecticut). Walker map. 

Mill Brook. — Franklin County; rises in the northeastern part of Fairfax; flows 
southward and southwestward into Lamoille River (tributary to Lake Champlain 
and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence) ; about 6 miles long. 
Colton map, Walker map, and Milton sheet. 

Mill Brook. — Franklin County; rises in the southeastern part of Richford; flows 
southwestward into Trout River (tributary through Missisquoi River to Lake 
Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence) in the north- 
western part of the town of Montgomery; 6 miles long. Walker map; called East 
Brook on Colton map. 

Mill Brook. — Franklin County; rises near the center of Richford; flows westward and 
then southwestward into Trout River (tributary through Missisquoi River to 
Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence) which 
it .enters in the northwest corner of the town of Montgomery about 2 miles north- 
west of the mouth of another Mill Brook; 4^ miles long. Colton map. Walker map. 

Mill Brook.— Orange County; rises in the north-central part of Braintree; flows 
southeastward 4 miles into Ayers Brook (tributary through Third Branch of 
White River to White River and thus to the Connecticut) in the western part of 
Randolph; passes through Mud Pond near the head of the stream. Walker map. 



184 SUEFACE WATERS OF VEEMOISTT. 

Mill Brook. — Orleans County; rises in the southeastern part of Lowell, on Lo^^ell 
Mountains; flows southeastward into Black River (tributary through Lake Mem- 
phremagog to Magog and St. Francis rivers and thus to the St. Lawrence), in the 
town of Albany; about 2 miles long. Walker map. 

Mill Brook. — Orleans County; rises in the north-central part of Westfield; flows 
southeastward into Missisquoi River (tributary to Lake Champlain and thus 
through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence) ; about 3 J miles long. Walker map. 

Mill Brook. — Orleans County; rises in Long Pond in Westmore; flows northwest- 
ward and westward 3 miles into Willoughby Lake; outlet through Willoughby 
River to Barton River (tributary to Lake Memphremagog and thus through Ma- 
gog and St. Francis rivers to the St. Lawrence). Walker map. 

Mill Brook. — Rutland County; rises in the southwestern part of the town of Danby, 
at an altitude of 2,100 feet above sea level; flows in a general northeasterly course 
to Otter Creek (tributary through Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu 
River to the St. Lawrence), which it joins near Mount Tabor in the town of Mount 
Tabor; length, about 7 miles; fall, 1,450 feet; receives the overflow from Danby 
Pond and has a number of small tributaries which drain the eastern slopes of 
Woodlawn Mountain and the northern slopes of Dorset Mountain and start at 
altitudes of 2,500 to 3,300 feet above sea level. Pawlet and Wallingford sheets. 

Mill Brook. — Rutland County; rises in Little Pond, the southern arm of St. Cath- 
arine Lake, in Wells, at an altitude of 477 feet above sea level; flows southwest- 
ward about 1^ miles to Wells Brook (tributary through Mettawee River to Lake 
Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence); fall, about 
50 feet. Pawlet sheet. 

Mill Brook. — Washington County; rises in the western part of Faystown; flows 
southeastward into Mad River (tributary through Winooski River to Lake Cham- 
plain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence) in the western part 
of the town of Waitsford; length, about 4 miles. Walker map. 

Mill Brook. — ^Windham County; rises in the central part of the town of Windham; 
flows southward to the northeastern part of the town of Jamaica, where it joins 
Sharp Brook to form Howard Brook (tributary through West River to the Con- 
necticut). Walker map. 

Mill Brook. — Windsor County; rises in the north-central part of Pomfret, at an 
altitude of 1,340 feet; flows northward and eastward into White River (tributary 
to the Connecticut) at the boundary line between Pomfret and Hartford; length, 
including major windings, about 7J miles; fall, 950 feet. Woodstock and Hanover 
sheets. 

Mill Brook. — See also Fay Brook. 

Miller Brook. — Lamoille Coimty; rises in the western part of Stowe; flows south- 
eastward into Waterbury River (tributary through Winooski River to Lake Cham- 
plain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence), 1-| miles west of 
Moscow post office; about 3 miles long. Walker map. 

Miller Pond. — Orange County; northeastern part of the town of Strafford; one in- 
flowing stream; outlet, a stream 3 miles long flowing southwestward into Abbott 
Brook (tributary through West Branch of Ompompanoosuc River to Ompom- 
panoosuc River and thus to the Connecticut); altitude, about 1,340 feet. Straf- 
ford sheet. 

Millers Run. — Caledonia County; rises in Duck Pond in the northern part of the 
town of Sheffield; flows southward to Sheffield post office, thence southeastward 
across the northeastern corner of Wheelock to the central part of the town of 
Lyndon, where it joins Passumpsic River (tributary to Connecticut River); 
length, about 15 miles. Walker map. 

MiLLiGAN Pond. — Orange County; town of Topsham; a small pond discharging by a 
stream flowing northeastward into Wells River (tributary to the Connecticut), in 
the southern part of the town of Groton. Walker map. 



GAZETTEER OF STREAMS. 185 

Mill Rivee. — Chittenden County; rises in the northeastern part of Underhill; flows 
northwestward about 3 miles, then northeastward and northward to its junction 
with Lamoille River (tributary to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu 
River to the St. Lawrence) in Cambridge, Lamoille County; about 6 miles long. 
Walker map. 

Mill River. — Franklin County; rises in Lost Lake, in the northeastern part of the town 
of Georgia; flows southwestward, westward, east of north, and finally northwestward 
into Lake Champlain (outlet through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence) ; 
between source and mouth the distance in a straight line is about 3 miles; follow- 
ing the course, of the stream it is 6 miles. Colton map, Walker map, and St. 
Albans sheet. 

Mill River. — Orleans County; rises in Seymour Lake; flows southwestward to Echo 
Pond, thence southward to Clyde River (tributary through Lake Memphremagog 
to Magog and St. Francis rivers and thus to the St. Lawrence). Walker map. 

Mill River. — Rutland County; rises in the southwestern part of the town of Mount 
Holly, at an altitude of 2,300 feet above sea level; takes a general northwesterly 
course to East Clarendon, where it turns abruptly and flows southwestward to 
Otter Creek (tributary to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to 
the St. Lawrence) half a mile southwest of Clarendon; length, about 16 miles; 
fall, 1,750 feet, of which 600 feet is in the first mile of its course; principal tribu- 
taries. Meadow and Russell brooks and streams from Jackson, Wallingford, and 
Shrewsbury ponds. Wallingford and Rutland sheets. 

Mill River. — Windsor County; rises in the northwestern part of Reading; flows 
southeastward through Reading, eastward through West Windsor, eastward and 
northeastward through Windsor into the Connecticut River near Windsor post 
office; branches, Beaver, Reading Hill, and Bailey brooks; length, 15 miles. 
Walker map and Woodstock and Hanover sheets. 

Mills Brook. — Washington County; rises in the southeastern part of Warren; flows 
westward into Mad River (tributary through Winooski River to Lake Champlain 
and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence); about 2 miles long. 
Walker map. 

Milton Pond. — Chittenden County; northeastern part of town of Milton; outlet, 
Malletts Creek to Lake Champlain (outlet through Richelieu River to the St. 
Lawrence) ; altitude, 834 feet. Milton sheet. 

Minister Brook. — ^Washington County; rises in the western part of Worcester; 
flows southeastward into North Branch Winooski River (tributary through 
Winooski River to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the 
St. Lawrence) near Worcester postoffice; about 4J miles long. Walker map. 

Mink Brook. — Essex County; a stream IJ miles long rising in the northern part of 
the town of Bloomfield; flows southwestward to East Branch of Nulhegan River 
(tributary through Nulhegan River to the Connecticut) . Walker map and private 
surveys. 

Minks Brook. — Essex County; rises in Brooks Pond in the central part of the town 
of Concord; flows southeastward 3 miles into Connecticut River. Walker map. 

MiNOT Brook. — Windham County; rises in the western part of Westminster; flows 
east of south across Westminster and the northeastern part of Putney into Con- 
necticut River; length, about 9 miles; unnamed on the Walker map. Post- 
route map. 

MiNTON Brook. — Essex County; rises in the central part of the town of Lunenburg, 
northwest of Baldwin Mou^ntain, at an altitude of 1,600 feet above sea level; 
flows southeastward 5 miles into Connecticut River; fall, 760 feet. Whitefield 
sheet. 



186 SURFACE WATERS OF VERMONT. 

MissiSQuoi River. — Orleans County; formed by the junction of two branches, one 
rising in the mountainous region near Lowell, in the southwestern part of Orleans 
County, Vt., and flowing in a general northerly direction, the other rising near 
Bolton, in Brome, Quebec, and taking a southerly course; the two unite at 
Mansonville, in Brome, and the river takes a general westerly course to Lake 
Champlain (outlet through RicheUeu River to the St. Lawrence), which it enters 
at Missisqtioi Bay; from Troy to Richford its course lies in Canada. The river 
has many tributaries, the largest being North Branch, Trout River, Tylers Branch, 
and Black Creek. Throughout its course the Missisquoi flows alternately through 
long stretches haAdng gentle slope and shorter sections havingmuch greater fall. 
Power sites along the river are fairly numerous, but storage is not well developed. 
Gaging stations: Near Richford, 1909-1916; at Swanton, 1903. Report on the 
geology of Vermont, by Edward Hitchcock et al., 2 vols., 1861; Colton map, 
Walker map, post-route map; U. S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 264, pp. 
108-110, 1910; St. Albans sheet; and Carte Regionale No. 5 of Quebec. 

Mitchell Brook. — ^Windsor County; rises in the northeastern part of Sharon, at an 
altitude of about 1,640 feet; flows southwestward, crossing and recrossing the 
boundary between Sharon and Norwich, through Mitchell Pond, and enters White 
River (tributary to the Connecticut) in the southern part of Sharon; fall, about 
1,240 feet; length, about 7 miles. Strafford and Hanover sheets. 

Mitchell Pond. — ^Windsor County; in the southeastern part of Sharon; altitude, 
900 feet; two inlets, one of which is Mitchell Brook; outlet, Mitchell Brook to 
White River (tributary to the Connecticut); about half a mile long. Hanover 
sheet. 

Mollys Brook. — ^Washington County; rises in Mollys Pond, in the eastern part of 
Cabot; flows southwest and west into Winooski River (tributary to Lake Cham- 
plain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence) in the northeastern 
part of the town of Marshfield; tributary from Onion (Winooski) River Pond. 
Colton map and Walker map. 

Mollys Pond. — ^Washington County; eastern part of Cabot; two small inflowing 
streams; outlet, Mollys Brook to Winooski River (tributary to Lake Champlain 
and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence); about three-fourths 
mile long. Colton map and Walker map. 

Money Brook. — ^Windsor County; rises in the southwestern part of Plymouth; 
flows east into Black River (tributary to the Connecticut); about 2 miles 
long. Walker map. 

MoNKTON Pond. — Addison County; northern part of Monkton; 2 small inlets; out- 
let, a stream 2| miles long flowing northward to Lewis Creek (tributary to Lake 
Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence) in the south- 
western part of Hinesburg; area, 118 acres; elevation, above sea level, 491 feet; 
fall of outlet, 180 feet; pond is about half a mile long and nearly as wide. 
Middlebury and Burlington sheets. 

Moon Brook. — Rutland County; rises on the western slope of East Mountain in 
Mendon, at an altitude of 850 feet above sea level; flows southwestward into Otter 
Creek (tributary to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the 
St. Lawrence) near Rutland; length, about 4 miles; fall, 320 feet. Rutland sheet. 

Moores Pond. — Caledonia County; central part of Barnet; inlet, from Warden 
Pond; outlet, a stream 3 miles long, flowing eastward into Connecticut River. 
Walker map. 

Moores Ponds. — ^Windsor County; two small ponds at the eastern base of Mount 
Tom, near the source and in the course of Pinney Hollow Brook, branch of Hale 
Hollow Brook (tributary through Ottauquechee River to the Connecticut); in 
the central part of Plymouth; altitude, about 1,400 feet. Woodstock sheet. 



GAZETTEER OF STEEAMS. 187 

Moose River. — Essex and Caledonia counties; rises in the central part of the town 
of East Haven 3 miles southwest of Mount Seneca; flows southeastward into the 
western part of the town of Granby, southwestward across the town of Victory to 
West Concord, northwestward into the eastern part of St. Johnsbury, then again 
southwestward across the southern part of St. Johnsbury to its junction with Pas- 
sumpsic River (tributary to the Connecticut); length, including the major 
windings, about 28 miles; principal tributaries, Granby Stream and Bog and 
Putnam brooks. Walker map. 

MoREY Lake. — Orange County; eastern part of town of Fairlee; outlet, a stream 2 
miles long flowing west of south into Connecticut River. On this pond Samuel 
Morey plied his steamboat in 1793. Walker map; called Fairlee Pond on Colton 
map. 

Morgan Brook. — Chittenden County; a stream tributary to Browns River (tribu- 
tary through Lamoille River to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu 
River to the St. Lawrence) in Westford. Milton sheet. 

Morrill Brook. — Rutland County; rises in the northern part of the town of Chit- 
tenden at an altitude of 2,400 feet; flows in a southeasterly direction 2| miles 
and joins West Branch of Tweed River (tributary through White River to the 
Connecticut) at Michigan Camp; fall, 950 feet. Rochester sheet. 

MoRRiLLS Brook. — Caledonia County; rises in the western part of the town of Dan- 
ville; flows eastward to North Danville post ofiice, then southeastward into the 
town of St. Johnsbury, where it joins Sleepers River (tributary through Passumpsic 
River to the Connecticut); length, about 6 miles. Colton map and Walker map. 

Moss Hollow Brook. — Rutland County; rises in the extreme northern part of the 
town of Middletown, at an altitude of 1,800 feet above sea level; flows south- 
westward about 4 miles to its junction with Poultney River (tributary to Lake 
Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence) in the south- 
eastern part of the town of Poultney; fall, about 1,200 feet. Castleton sheet. 

Mountain Brook. — Franklin County; rises in the northeastern part of Richford; 
flows westward into Missisquoi River (tributary to Lake Champlain and thus 
through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence); about 2 miles long. Colton map 
and Walker map. 

Mud Creek. — Addison County; rises on Buck Mountain in the eastern part of Wal- 
tham, at an altitude of 400 feet above sea level; flows southeastward about 1^ 
miles, then turns abruptly and flows northward to its junction with Little Otter 
Creek (tributary to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. 
Lawrence) in the southeastern part of Ferrisburg Township; length, about 8 miles; 
fall, 230 feet. Middlebury sheet. 

Mud Creek. — Grand Isle County; flows southward through a swamp in the north- 
eastern part of Alburg, discharging into Ransom Bay, Lake Champlain (outlet 
through Richelieu River t o the St. Lawrence) ; about 4 miles long. Rouses Point 
sheet. 

Mud Creek. — Orleans County; rises in the southeastern part of Newport; flows 
northeastward and then northwestward to its junction with Missisquoi River 
(tributary to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Law- 
rence) in Brome, Canada; about 13 miles long. Colton map and Walker map. 

Muddy Branch. — Addison County; rises in Dow Pond, in the eastern part of the 
town of Middlebury, at an altitude of 420 feet above sea level; flows in a general 
northwesterly course into New Haven River (tributary through Otter Creek to 
Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence) about 
a mile west of Brooksville: length, about 5 miles; fall, 160 feet. Middlebury 
sheet. 



188 SUEPACE WATERS OF VERMONT. 

Muddy Brook. — Chittendeu County; rises in Shelburne Pond, in the eastern part of 
Shelbume, at an altitude of 329 feet above sea level; flows in a general course 
somewhat east of north to its junction with Winooski River (tributary to Lake 
Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence); forms 
boundary between the towns of South Burlington and Williston; length, about 
6 miles; fall, 130 feet; principal tributaries, Sucker and Allen brooks. Walker 
map, post-route map, and Burlington sheet; called Allen Brook on Colton map. 

Mud Hollow Brook. — Chittenden County; rises on the southeastern slope of Pease 
Mountain in Charlotte, at an altitude of 320 feet above sea level; flows somewhat 
east of north to its junction with La Platte River (tributary to Lake Champlain 
and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence); length, 4 miles; fall, 
100 feet; tributary, Bingham Brook. Burlington sheet. 

Mud Pond. — Addison County; one-fourth mile west of Lake Dunmore, in northern 
part of Leicester, at east foot of Mount Pleasant; outlet, a stream about 1 mile 
long flowing northwestward and westward to Leicester River (tributary through 
Otter Creek to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Law- 
rence) at Salisbury; area, 26 acres; elevation above sea level, 585 feet; fall of 
outlet, 190 feet. Brandon sheet. 

Mud Pond. — Addison County; southern part of town of Orwell; outlet, a stream 
one-half mile long flowing southward to Sunset Lake (outlet through Little 
Pond to Hubbardton and Poultney rivers and thus through Lake Champlain to 
Richelieu River and the St. Lawrence) ; elevation above sea level, 650 feet; above 
Sunset Lake, 147 feet. Ticonderoga sheet. 

Mud Pond. — Bennington County; a small pond in the southeastern part of Peru, 
discharging by a stream into Winhall Brook and thus to Winhall River, a branch 
of West River (tributary to the Connecticut); altitude, 1,400 feet; Walker map 
and Londonderry sheet. 

Mud Pond. — Bennington County; northeastern part of Stamford; altitude, 2,260 feet; 
outlet, a short stream flowing northerly into the stream between Stamford Pond 
and West Branch of Deerfield River (tributary to the Connecticut); very small. 
Bennington sheet. 

Mud Pond. — Caledonia County; central part of town of Peacham; a very small pond 
discharging eastward to the stream connecting Foster Pond with Harvey Lake 
and Stevens River (tributary to the Connecticut). Walker map. 

Mud Pond. — Essex County; south-central part of the town of Granby, on Granby 
Stream (tributary through Moose River to Passumpsic River and thus to the 
Connecticut). Walker map. 

Mud Pond. — Essex County; a small pond on Catsbow Brook (tributary to Connecticut 
River) just north of the Guildhall-Lunenburg township line. Walker map. 

Mud Pond. — Lamoille County; northwestern part of town of Eden; outlet, a stream 
about IJ miles long flowing southeastward through Ritterbush Pond to Fryingpan 
Brook (tributary through Gihon River to Lamoille River, and thus through Lake 
Champlain to Richelieu River and the St. Lawrence); very small. Walker map. 

Mud Pond. — Lamoille County; eastern part of Hyde Park; outlet, a stream about 2 
miles long flowing west and then south to Green River (tributary through La- 
moille River to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. 
Lawrence); very small. Walker map. 

Mud Pond. — Orange County; town of Braintree; a small pond drained by Mill Brook, 
a tributary of Ayers Brook (tributary through Third Branch of White River to 
White River and thus to the Connecticut). Walker map. 

Mud Pond. — Orange County; central part of the town of Thetford; one small inflow- 
ing stream; outlet, a stream less then 1 mile long flowing westward into Vershire 
Brook (tributary through Ompompanoosuc River to the Connecticut); smalL 
Walker map. 



GAZETTEER OF STREAMS. 189 

Mud Pond. — Orleans County; near central part of Craftsbury; inlet, Black River; 
outlet, Black River to Lake Memphremagog (outlet through Magog and St. Francis 
livers to the St. Lawrence) ; about half a mile long. Walker map. 

Mud Pond. — Orleans County; northeastern part of Greensboro; outlet, a stream 
about 2 miles long flowing southward to Lamoille River (tributary to Lake Cham- 
plain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence). Colton map and 
Walker map. 

Mud Pond. — Orleans County; a small pond in the northern part of the town of Mor- 
gan, discharging by a stream flowing southeastward into Seymour Lake (outlet 
by Mill River to Clyde River, which is tributary through Lake Memphremagog to 
Magog and St. Francis rivers to the St. Lawrence). Walker map. 

Mud Pond. — Washington County; northern part of Marshfield; one inlet; outlet, a 
stream about a mile long flowing southeastward to Winooski River (tributary to 
Lake Champ lain and thus through Richeheu River to the St. Lawrence). Col- 
ton map and Walker map. 

Mud Pond. — Washington County; eastern part of Woodbury; outlet to East Long 
Pond (outlet through Nichols Pond and Lamoille River to Lake Champlain 
and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence) by very short channel. 
Walker map. 

Mud Pond. — Windham County; in the northern part of Jamaica; altitude, 1,170 
feet; discharges by a short stream into West River (tributary to the Connecticut). 
Walker map and Londonderry sheet. Called Jamaica Pond on Walker map. 

Mud Pond. — ^Windsor County; in the eastern part of Sharon; two inflowing streams; 
outlet, a stream about 1 mile long flowing south of west into White River (tribu- 
tary to Connecticut River) ; small. Strafford sheet. 

MuNROE Brook. — Chittenden County; rises 1 mile west of Shelbume Pond in the 
town of Shelbume, at an altitutde of about 380 feet above sea level; flows very 
irregularly northwestward into Shelburne Bay, Lake Champlain (outlet through 
Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence), three-fourths of a mile northeast of the 
mouth of La Platte River; length, including windings, 4 miles; fall, 180 feet. 
Burlington sheet. 

Murphy Brook. — Essex County; a stream IJ miles long, rising in the northeastern 
part of the town of Lewis; flows southeastward to East Branch of Nulhegan River 
(tributary to the Connecticut). Walker map and private siirveys. 

N. 

Nason Brook. — Windsor County; rises on the western slope of Rochester Mountain, 
at an altitude of 2,300 feet; flows westerly 4 miles and joins White River (tribu- 
tary to the Connecticut) 1 mile below the village of Rochester; fall, 1,520 feet. 
Rochester sheet. 

Neals Brook. — Essex County; rises in Neals Pond in the central part of the town of 
Lunenburg; flows east of south 3J miles into Connecticut River; fall, 365 feet. 
Whitefield sheet. 

Neals Pond. — Essex County; central part of town of Lunenbiug; outlet, Neals 
Brook to Connecticut River; pond is about 1^ miles long and nearly 1 mile wide; 
altitude, 1,195 feet. Whitefield sheet. 

Negro Brook. — Windham County; a short stream rising in southwestern Townshend 
and flowing northeastward into West River (tributary to the Connecticut). 
Walker map. 

Nelsons Pond. — Washington County; on line between Woodbury and Calais; out- 
let, by a short stream flowing southward into Wheelock Pond (outlet through La- 
moille River to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. 
Lawrence). Colton map and Walker map. 



190 SURFACE WATERS OF VEEMOISTT. 

Neshobb River. — Addison County; rises on Hogback Mountain in Goshen, at an 
altitude of 1,760 feet above sea level; takes a general southwesterly course to its 
junction with Otter Creek (tributary to Lake Champlain and thus through Riche- 
lieu River to the St. Lawrence) near Brandon, through which it passes; length, 
about 9 miles; fall, 1,420 feet, of which 900 feet occurs in the first 3 miles of its 
course. Called Mill River on some maps. Brandon sheet. 

New Boston Brook. — Windsor County; rises near the village of New Boston in the 
town of Norwich; flows southwestward 3 J miles to its junction with Bloody Brook 
(tributary to Connecticut River). Strafford and Hanover sheets. 

New Haven River. — Addison County; rises in the northeastern part of Ripton or 
southern part of Lincoln; flows northwestward to Bristol, where it turns very 
abruptly and flows in a general southwesterly direction to its junction with Otter 
Creek (tributary to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the 
St. Lawrence) near Brooksville, in the town of New Haven ; length, about 21 miles; 
in the 12 miles below West Lincoln the river falls about 700 feet, of which 400 
feet occur in 3 miles between West Lincoln and Bristol. Just above Bristol the 
river flows in a deep, narrow valley between Hogback Mountains and South 
Mountain; below Bristol the valley is more open. Principal tributaries of New 
Haven River are Baldwin Creek and Muddy Branch. Walker map and Middle- 
bury sheet. 

Nichols Pond. — ^Washington County; eastern part of Woodbury; inlet, from East 
Long Pond; outlet, a stream about 3 miles long flowing irregularly northward to 
Lamoille River (tributary to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River 
to the St. Lawrence). Colton map and Walker map. 

Niggerhead Brook. — Washington County; rises in Niggerhead Pond, in the eastern 
part of Marshfield; flows northward into Winooski River (tributary to Lake 
Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence) at Marshfield; 
about 2 miles long. Walker map. 

Niggerhead Pond. — Washington County; eastern part of Marshfield; one inlet; 
outlet, by Niggerhead Brook to Winooski River (tributary to Lake Champlain 
and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence); about three-fourths 
mile long. Walker map. 

North Brook. — Rutland County; rises in the northern part of the town of Middle- 
town about a mile west of the head of Train Brook, at an altitude of 1,480 feet 
above sea level; flows southward to its junction with Poultney River (tributary 
to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence) at 
Middletown Springs; length, 2J miles; fall, 630 feet. Castleton and Pawlet sheets. 

North Pond. — Addison County; on South Moiintain in southeastern part of Bristol; 
outlet, a stream 2 miles long flowing northward to New Haven River (tributary 
through Otter Creek to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to 
the St. Lawrence) 2 miles above Bristol; elevation above sea level, 2,100 feet; 
fall of outlet, 1,400 feet; about one-fourth mile long. Middlebury sheet. 

North Pond. — Lamoille County; eastern part of the town of Eden; several small 
inflowing streams; outlet, Gihon River to Lamoille River (tributary to Lake 
Champlain and thus through Richelieu River 1o the St. Lawrence); abou,t IJ 
miles long; maximum width, about half a mile. Colton map, Walker map, 
and post-route map. 

North Pond. — Orange County; a small pond in the western part of the town of Brook- 
field, drained by a stream flowing eastward into Colts Pond (outlet, a stream 
flowing to Ayers Brook and thus through Third Branch of White River to White 
River and to the Connecticut). Walker map. 



GAZETTEER OF STREAMS. 191 

North Pond. — Rutland County; southeastern part of Chittenden; outlet by stream 
IJ miles long flowing westward to East Creek (tributary through Otter Creek to 
Lake Champlain and thus through RicheUeu River to the St. Lawrence); area, 
10 acres; elevation above sea level, 2,265 feet; fall of outlet, 780 feet. Rutland 
sheet. 

North Pond. — ^Windham County; northeastern part of the town of Marlboro; outlet, 
a stream flowing southeastward 3 miles and northeastward 2 miles into West 
River (tributary to the Connecticut); altitude, 1,440 feet; area, 83 acres. Brat- 
tleboro sheet. 

North River, East Branch. — "Windham County, Vt., Franklin County, Mass.; 
formed near Lyonsville in the town of Colrain by the union of its East and West 
branches. East Branch, which drains the larger area and is therefore considered 
the continuation of the main stream, rises IJ miles south of East Wilmington, Vt., 
and takes a general southeasterly course to a point near Colrain, Mass., where it 
turns south westward, westward, and southward, to receive the West Branch; \ 
below this junction North River winds southward and southwestward to the 
point at which it enters Deerfield River (tributary to the Connecticut) 1§ miles 
north of Shelburne Falls; length to head of East Branch, about 20 miles. Wil- 
mington, Hawley, and Greenfield sheets. 

North River, West Branch. — ^Vv^'indham County, Vt., and Franklin County, Mass.; 
rises in the town of Whittington, Vt.; flows southward 3 miles, then southeast- 
ward 9 miles to its junction with East Branch (tributary through North River 
to the Deerfield and thus to the Connecticut) near Lyonsville in the town of 
Colrain, Mass. Wilmington, Hawley, and Greenfield sheets. 

Norton Pond. — Essex County; Warren Grant and town of Norton; inlet, the head 
of Coaticook River; outlet, Coaticook River to Massawippi River (tributary to 
St. Francis River and thus to the St. Lawrence ) ; about 3 miles long and a quarter 
of a mile wide. Walker map. 

Notch Pond. — Essex County; eastern part of town of Ferdinand; inlet, a stream 
from the south about a mile long; outlet, Wheeler Stream (tributary to the Con- 
necticut); area, about 26 acres. Walker map and private surveys. 

Nulh!egA;N Pond. — Essex County; eastern part of town of Brighton; inlet, a stream 
about 2 miles long draining the east-central part of the town; outlet to Nulhegan 
River (tributary to Connecticut River). Walker map. 

Nulhegan River. — Essex County; rises in the southwestern part of Averys Gore; 
flows southeastward across the eastern corner of Brighton and the northern parts 
of Ferdinand and Brunswick and enters Connecticut River at Bloomfield post 
. office, in the southern part of the town of Bloomfield; drainage area, 124 square 
miles; principal tributaries, North, Yellow, Black, a!nd East branches, all of 
which enter from the north. In the headwaters, both on the main stream and on 
the branches, the valleys are relatively wide and flat with occasional quick 
stretches in the rivers. From Bloomfield to the mouth of the East Branch the river 
slope is gentle, with bordering flat meadows and cultivated land. Immediately 
above the East Branch, for 3f miles, the river is quick falling; above this 
stretch of quick water the basin is flat for some distance, then another stretch of 
quick water reaches to the so-called Sherman Eddy Dam. Above Sherman 
Eddy Dam the basin broadens out and is generally flat. Walker map and 
private surveys. 

Nulhegan River, East Branch. — Essex County; rises in the central part of the 
town of Averill; flows southward 12 miles to the southern part of Bloomfield, 
where it joins Nulhegan River (tributary to the Connecticut); drainage area, 
approximately 36 Square miles; principal tributaries, Spaulding, Brouillard, 
Murphy, Fisher, and Mink brooks. Walker map and private surveys. 
73175°— wsp 424—17 13 



192 SURFACE WATERS OF VERMONT. 

NuLHEGAN River, North Branch. — Essex County; rises in a small pond west of 
Black Mountain, in Averys Gore; flows southeastward across the western corner 
of the town of Lewis, and unites with Nulhegan River (tributary to the Connecti- 
cut) in the northern part of the town of Ferdinand; principal tributary, a stream 
draining a small pond in the western part of Averys Gore and uniting with the 
North Branch in the western part of the town of Lewis. Several dams on the 
stream are used for logging operations, but none of them have any considerable 
storage; drainage area, 25 square miles. Walker map and private surveys. 

NuNGE Brook. — Bennington County; rises in the northwestern part of Stamford on 
the southern slope of the Green Mountains, at an altitude of 2,800 feet; flows 
southeastward about IJ miles into Roaring Brook, a branch of North Branch of 
Hoosic River (tributary through Hoosic River to the Hudson); fall, 840 feet. 
Bennington sheet. 

O 

Old City Brook. — Orange County; rises on the southeast slope of Colton Hill in the 
southwestern part of the town of Vershire, at an altitude of 2,200 feet above sea 
level; flows southeastward about 1 mile, then southwestward 5 miles to its junc- 
tion with West Branch of Ompompanoosuc River (tributary through Ompompa- 
noosuc River to the Connecticut) half a mile north of Strafford. Strafford sheet. 

Ompompanoosuc River. — Orange and Windsor counties; rises in the northwestern 
part of the town of Vershire; flows southeastward, passing across the southwest 
corner of WestFairlee and through Thetford, and enters Connecticut River in the 
northeastern part of Norwich, Windsor County; in Thetford it receives a stream 
from Fairlee Lake, but its other tributaries, except the West Branch, are short; 
length, about 20 miles; called Brook River above Lower Village in Vershire. 
Walker map, post-route map, and Strafford sheet. 

Ompompanoosuc River, West Branch. — Orange County; rises on the west slope 
of Colton Hill in the southwestern part of Vershire, at an altitude of about 2,220 
feet above sea level; flows irregularly southward to South Strafford, then south- 
eastward across the southwest corner of Thetford into Ompompanoosuc River 
(tributary to the Connecticut); length, about 16 miles; fall, 1,760 feet, of which 
440 feet occurs in the 6 miles below South Strafford; principal tributaries. Old 
City, Abbott, Lord, and Jackson brooks; many small tributaries draining steep 
slopes in Strafford. Strafford sheet. 

Onion River. — See Winooski River. 

Onion River Pond. — Caledonia County; western part of Peacham; outlet, a stream 
about 2 miles long flowing northwestward to Mollys Brook (tributary through 
Winooski River to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the 
St. Lawrence). Colton map and Walker map. 

Oswegatchie River. — Essex County; rises in the southwestern part of the town of 
Brighton; flows northward 4 miles into Clyde River (tributary through Lake Mem- 
phremagog to Magog and St. Francis rivers and thus to the St. Lawrence). 
Walker map. 

Ottauquechee River. — Rutland and Windsor counties; rises in the town of Sher- 
burne, high on the slopes of the Green Mountains, one of its tributaries flowing 
from Pico Pond, more than 2,200 feet above sea level, and another rising north 
of Killington Peak (4,241 feet), at an altitude of 3,400 feet. From a point 
near North Sherburne the Ottauquechee flows southeastward to West Bridgewater, 
• eastward to Bridgewater, northeastward across Woodstock into Hartford, then 
southeastward to the northeastern part of Hartland, where it joins Connecticut 
River; length, including major windings, about 38 miles; principal tributaries, 
North Branch, which joins it in Bridgewater, and South Branch, which joins it in 
Woodstock; fall, about 2,000 feet. To Sherburne the descent is very rapid, and 



GAZETTEEE OF STREAMS. 193 

the stream from Killington Peak, which enters the main stream at Sherburne, falls 
more than 2,000 feet in 5 miles. 

The stream furnishes power for mills at Bridgewater, West Woodstock, Wood- 
stock, Queechee, and Deweys Mills, and the dam at Taftsville supplies electricity 
for light and power to this village (Woodstock), West Woodstock, Taftsville, and 
Queechee. A writer in Industrial Vermont (1914) says that the river has power 
to spare at all seasons, and that probably not one-half or one-quarter of this energy 
is utilized. Rutland, Woodstock, and Hanover sheets. 

Ottauquechee River, North Branch. — Rutland and Windsor counties; formed 
at Chatauguay, in the northwestern part of Bridgewater, by the union of two 
streams, one rising in the northeastern part of Sherburne, at an altitude of 2,120 
feet, the other in the northwestern part of Bridgewater, at an altitude of 2,040 
feet; flows southeastward, eastward, and irregularly southward through 
Bridgewater, joining Ottauquechee River (tributary to the Connecticut) near 
Bridgewater Corners; length, 9 miles. Woodstock sheet. 

Otter Creek. — Bennington County; rises in Dorset Pond, in the northeastern part 
of the town of Dorset, at an altitude of about 700 feet above sea level; flows north- 
ward across Rutland and Addison counties to Lake Champlain (outlet through 
Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence) at North Ferrisburgh, about 6 
miles northwest of Vergennes; length, about 75 miles (map measurement, 
including the larger windings); total fall, 600 feet; drainage area, 935 square 
miles, all in Vermont, and of this 615 square miles is above Middlebury. 
Large tracts on the headwaters of the river are in forest. The slope of the river 
between Rutland and Middlebury is very small, but between Middlebury and the 
mouth it is greater. The slopes of the tributary streams are generally steep. 
Principal tributaries: Mill River, Cold River, East Creek, Clarendon River, 
Furnace Brook, and Neshobe, Leicester, Middlebury, New Haven, and Lemon 
Fair rivers. Gaging station at Middlebm-y, 1903-1907 ; 1910-1916. 

Concerning Otter Creek Hitchcock ^ says: "The valley in which Dorset Pond 
is situated is remarkable for its narrowness and depth. One would hardly im- 
agine that upon such a low level would be found the watershed of waters flowing 
to Long Island Sound in one direction and to the GuH of St. Lawrence in an- 
other * * *. The very serpentine course of Otter Creek, both above and 
below Rutland, is due to the loamy character of the meadow. All sluggish streams 
passing through fine materials are characterized by a meandering course." 

Surveys and data: Topographic maps of the United States Geological Survey 
as follows: Pawlet, Wallingford, Castle ton, Rutland, Ticonderoga, Brandon, Port 
Henry, and Middlebury sheets; post-route map; Walker map; Report on the 
geology of Vermont, vol. 1, 1881; U. S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply Papers 97 
(pp. 353-354), 129 (pp. 139-141), 170 (pp. 108-107), 208 (pp. 87-89), 244 (pp. 
143-144). 

Owls Head Pond. — Caledonia County; a small pond in the southwestern part of the 
town of Peacham, discharging by a stream flowing southeastward into the stream 
connecting Little Hosmer Pond with Groton Pond (outlet. Wells River to the 
Connecticut). Walker map. 

P. 

Page Pond. — Orleans County; western part of Albany; outlet, a stream about a mile 
long flowing northward to Black River (tributary to Lake Memphremagog and 
thus through Magog and St. Francis rivers to the St. Lawrence); very small. 
Walker map. 



1 Hitchcock, Edward, et aj., Report on the geology of Vermont, vol. 1, pp. 129,130, 1861. 



194 SUEFACE WATERS OF VERMONT. 

Paban Creek. — Bennington County; rises in the northeastern part of Shaftsbury, 
east of Trumbull Mountain, at an altitude of 1,380 feet; flows southwestward 
through Shaftsbury and west and south to north Bennington, where it joins Wal- 
loomsac River, a branch of theHoosic (tributary to the Hudson); receives a large 
branch from the west rising on West Mountain; fall, 880 feet; length, 8 miles. 
Bennington sheet. 

Parker Pond. — Orleans County; town of Glover.; inlet (head of Roaring Brook) 
from Sweeney Pond; outlet. Roaring Brook to Barton River (tributary to Lake 
Memphreriiagog and thus through Magog and St. Francis rivers to the St. Law- 
rence); nearly a mile long and about half a mile wide. Walker map. 

Passumpsic River. — Caledonia County; rises in Bald Hill Pond in the eastern part 
of the town of Westmore; flows southeastward 9 miles across the town of Newark 
into the western part of East Haven, Essex County, southwestward 10 miles to the 
central part of the town of Lyndon, Caledonia County, then in general southward 
15 miles across the towns of St. Johnsbury, Waterford, and Barnet to its junction 
with Connecticut River at East Barnet; principal tributaries. Millers River, 
Moose River, and Joes Brook. Gaging stations: Near St. Johnsbury, 1909-1916; 
at St. Johnsbury Center, 1903. 

The river is in general quick-falling and there are many power plants along the 
main stream and on the tributaries. The upper parts of the basin are faMy well 
forested, the whole area is hilly, and much of it is rocky. Mean annual precipi- 
tation, about 40 inches. The river is generally frozen throughout the winter. 
The run-off in the freshet season is usually large. Walker map and U. S. Geol. 
Survey Water-Supply Paper 261, pp. 143-144, 1911. 

Passumpsic River, West Branch. — ^Orleans County; rises near the base of Mount 
Pisgah in the town of Westmore; flows southward to the central part of the town of 
Lyndon, where it joins the main stream (tributary to Connecticut River) . Walker 
map. 

Patch's Pond. — Rutland County; in the northeastern part of Mount Holly; discharges 
by a short stream flowing north into branch of Black River (tributary to the Con- 
necticut); small. Walker map. 

Patterson Brook. — Addison County; rises in the northwestern part of the town of 
Granville; flows southeastward 5 miles and unites with Alder Meadow Brook to 
form the head of White River (tributary to the Connecticut). Walker map and 
Rochester sheet. 

Patterson Brook. — Orange County; a stream about a mile long draining a small 
area in the central part of the town of Strafford and flowing southwestward into 
West Branch of Ompompanoosuc River (tributary through Ompompanoosuc River 
to the Connecticut). Strafford sheet. 

Paul Stream. — ^Essex County; rises in the central part of the town of Ferdinand, 
flows southeastward about 5 miles, then turns abruptly and flows northeastward 5 
• miles across the northwest corner of Maidstone and the southeast comer of Bruns- 
wick into Connecticut River; principal tributaries. Branch Pond Stream and out- 
let of Maidstone Lake; drainage area, approximately 50 square miles. Walker 
map. 

Peacham Hollow Brook. — See Stevens River. 

Peach Pond. — Lamoille County; northern part of Wolcott; no outlet shown on map. 
Walker map. 

Pecks Pond. — Washington County; western part of the town of Barre; outlet south- 
eastward to Stevens Brook (tributary through Winooski River to Lake Champlain 
and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence); very small. Walker 
map. 

Pensioner Pond. — Or leans County; town of Charleston; in the course of Clyde River 
(tributary through Lake Memphremagog to Magog and St. Francis rivers and thus 
to the St. Lawrence). Walker map. 



GAZETTEER OF STREAMS. 195 

Perch Pond. — Rutland County; northern part of the town of Benson; outlet, a 
stream about 1^ miles long flowing westward to East Creek (tributary to Lake 
Champlain; outlet through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence); area, 37 acres; 
elevation above sea level, about 550 feet; fall of outlet, 220 feet, of which 110 feet 
ocCTU" in the first half mile of the outlet and 100 feet within a fourth of a mile near 
the mouth. Ticonderoga and WMtehall sheets. 

Perkins Brook. — Rutland and Windsor counties; rises in the northern part of the 
town of Pittsfield, at an altitude of 2,020 feet; flows in a northeasterly direction to 
Corporation Brook (tributary through White River to the Connecticut); fall, 
1,000 feet. Rochester sheet. 

Pettinglll Pond. — Lamoille County; northeastern part of Hyde Park; outlet, a 
stream about 1 mile long flowing southeastward to Green River (tributary through 
Lamoille River to Lake Champlain; outlet through Richeheu River to the St. 
Lawrence). Walker map. 

Phillips Pond. — Orleans County; northeastern part of Westfield; outlet, a stream 
about 2 miles long flowing southeastward into Missisquoi River (tributary to Lake 
Champlain; outlet through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence). Colton map 
and Walker map. 

Pico Pond. — Rutland County; west-central part of Sherbm-ne; inlet and outlet, 
Thundering Brook, a branch of Ottauquechee River (tributary to the Connecti- 
cut); altitude, about 2,200 feet; small. Rutland sheet. 

Pierce Pond. — ^Washington County; northern part of town of Brookfield; inlet from 
Rood Pond; outlet to Second Branch of White River (tributary through White 
River to the Connecticut). Walker map. 

Pigeon Pond. — Caledonia Cotmty; western part of Groton; outlet, Lye Brook to 
Winooski River (tributary to Lake Champlain; outlet through Richelieu River 
to the St. Lawrence). Walker map. 

Pike River. — FrankHn Cotmty; rises in the northern part of Berkshire; flows very 
irregularly southwestward into the northeastern part of FrankHn Pond and from 
the outlet of Franklin Pond through Canada to Mssisquoi Bay, Lake Champlain 
(outlet through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence). Carte Regionale No. 5 of 
Quebec and Walker map. 

Pine Brook. — Addison and Windsor Coimties; rises in the southern part of the town 
of Hancock; flows southward IJ miles into West Branch of White River (tribu- 
tary through White River to the Connecticut). Rochester sheet. 

Pinney Hollow Brook. — Windsor County; rises in the west-central part of Ply- 
mouth on the slopes of Blueberry Hill, at an altitude of 1,700 feet; flows north- 
eastward, passing through Moores Ponds and the northern part of Plymouth, and 
joins Hale Hollow Brook, a branch of Ottauquechee River (tributary to the Con- 
necticut) in the southeastern part of Bridgewater; fall, 800 feet; length, 6 miles. 
Woodstock sheet. 

Piper Brook. — Addison County; lises in the south-central part of the town of Han- 
cock; flows in a northerly dii'ection into West Branch of White River (tributary 
to the Connecticut); length, about 2 miles. Walker map and Rochester sheet. 

Pleiad Lake. — See Dunhams Pond. 

Plymouth Pond. — ^W^indsor County; in the northwestern part of Plymouth; alti- 
tude, 1,395 feet; discharges southward by a stream which passes through Black 
Pond into Black River (tributary to the Connecticut); length, 1\ miles. Rut- 
land sheet. 

Plymouth Pond. — Windsor Coimty; southeastern part of town of Plymouth; inlet 
Buffalo Brook; outlet. Black River (tributary to the Connecticut); small. 
Walker map. 



196 SURFACE WATERS OF VERMONT. 

PoDUNK Brook. — Windsor County; rises in the southwestern part of Norwich south 
of the source of Tigerstown Brook, at an altitude of 1,400 feet; flows southwest- 
ward and is joined by TigerstoMoi Brook about a quarter mile northeast of its 
junction with White River (tributary to the Connecticut); fall, about 1,040 feet; 
length, 3| miles. Hanover sheet. 

PoGUE, The. — ^Windsor County; northern part of Woodstock; outlet, a stream about 
1 mile long passing into Barnard Brook just above its junction 'with Ottauquechee 
River (tributary to the Connecticut); altitude, 1,170 feet; small. Woodstock 
sheet. 

Pond Brook. — Addison County; rises in Bristol Pond in the northern part of Bristol, 
at an altitude of 470 feet above sea level (approximate); takes a general north- 
erly coiuse to Lewis Creek (tributary to Lake Champlain and thus through 
Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence) in the southern part of Hinesburg; length, 
about 8 miles; fall, 140 feet; swampy about Bristol Pond and in middle course. 
Middlebury and Burlington sheets. 

Pond Brook. — Chittenden County; rises in Colchester Pond in the eastern part of 
the town of Colchester; flows south westward 1 mile, then in general north w^est- 
ward 4 miles to its junction with Malletts Creek (tributary to Lake Champlain 
and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence). Milton sheet. 

Pond Brook. — Chittenden County; rises in Hinesburg Pond in the northern part 
of Hinesburg, at an altitude of 684 feet above sea level; takes a general south- 
westerly com'se to its junction with La Platte River (tributary to Lake Champlain 
and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence) near Hinesburg; length, 
about 3 miles; fall, 355 feet, of which 200 feet occurs in half a mile at Mechanics- 
ville. Burlington sheet. 

Pond Brook. — Chittenden County; rises in Westford Pond in the southwestern part 
of Westford; flows southeastward 1 mile, then east of north 1 mile into Rogers 
Brook (tributary through Browns River to Lamoille River and Lake Champlain 
and thus thi'ough Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence); intermittent. Milton 
sheet. 

Pond Brook. — Essex County; rises in Cow Mountain Pond in the southern part of 
the town of Granby; flows north of west 2 miles into Granby Stream (tributary 
through Moose River to Passumpsic River and thus to the Connecticut). Walker 
map. 

Pond Brook. — Lamoille County; rises in Wolcott Pond, in the eastern part of Wol- 
cott; flows northwestward, then south westward, then southward into Lamoille 
River (tributary to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the 
St. Lawrence); about 3 miles long. Colton map and Walker map. 

Pond Brook. — ^Windham County; rises in Lowell Lake, in the northeastern part of 
Londonderry, at an altitude oi 1,290 feet above sea level; flows southward and 
southwestward into West River (tributary to Connecticut River) in the south- 
central part of Londonderry; fall, 310 feet; length, about 4 miles. Walker map 
and Londonderry sheet. 

Pond Brook. — Windham County; rises on the southwestern slope of Stratton Moun- 
tain at an altitude 2,390 feet above sea level; flows southeastward 2J miles to 
Grout Pond, then west of south 2 J miles to the northern part of the town of Somer- 
set, where it joins East Branch of Deerfield River (tributary through Deerfield 
River to the Connecticut); fall below Grout Pond, 140 feet. Londonderry sheet. 

Potash Brook. — Chittenden County; rises in the eastern part of South Burlington, 
at an altitude of 350 teet above sea level (approximate) ; flows northward about 1 
mile, then turns and flows south of west to Lake Champlain (outlet through 
Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence) , which it enters at Queen City Park; length, 
about 5 miles; fall, 250 feet. Burlington sheet. 



GAZETTEER OF STKEAMS. 197 

Potash Brook. — Orange County; a stream draining a small area in the central part 
of the town of Corinth and flowing southeastward into South Branch of Waits River 
(tributary through Waits River to the Connecticut). Walker map. 

PouLTNEY River. — Rutland County; rises in the northwestern part of the town of 
Tinmouth, at an altitude of 1,800 feet above sea level; takes a tortuous but in 
general northwesterly course to a point about 3 miles northwest of Fair Haven, 
then turns and flows westward 4 miles to the mouth of Coggman Creek, where 
it makes another abrupt turn and flows west of soiith through East Bay to its 
junction with Lake Champlain (outlet through Richelieu River to the St. Law- 
rence) near Whitehall, N. Y.; length, including major windings, about 35 miles; 
fall, approximately 1,600 feet, of which 500 feet occurs in the first 2 miles of its 
course and 126 feet at Carvers Falls near Fair Haven; principal tributaries, Castle- 
ton and Hubbardton rivers. The basin contains a number of large lakes. Below 
the village of Poultney the- river forms the boundary between Rutland County, 
Vt., and Washington County, N. Y. Gaging station at Fair Haven, 1908. Sur- 
veys and data from Paw let, Castleton, and Whitehall sheets and Walker map. 

Preston Brook. — Chittenden County; rises in the southern part of Bolton; flows 
northward into Winooski River (tributary to Lake Champlain and thus through 
Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence); about 2 miles long. Walker map. 

Pretty Pond. — Caledonia County; western part of the town of Lyndon; connected 
with West Brook (tributary through Passiunpsic River to the Connecticut) by a 
very short southward -flowing stream. V/alker map. 

Prince Brook. — Chittenden County; rises in the eastern part of Bolton; flows south- 
ward into Winooski River (tributary to Lake Champlain and thus through Riche- 
lieu River to the St. Lawrence) ; about 3 miles long. Walker map. 

Pringle Brook.— Chittenden County; rises near the village of Charlotte, at an ele- 
vation of 240 feet above sea level; flows southwestward half a mile, then north- 
westward into Home Creek (tributary to Lake Champlain and thus through 
Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence); length, IJ miles; fall, 100 feet. Willsboro 
sheet. 

Proper Pond. — Franklin County; northern part of the town of Highgate; discharges 
by a stream flowing southwestward and westward toward the marsh along Rock 
River (tributary to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the 
St. Lawrence); altitude, 212 feet. St. Albans sheet. 

Pruddy Brook. — Bennington County; a small stream tributary to Green River 
(tributary through Batten Kill to the Hudson) ; drains the south slope of MofBtt 
Mountain in the town of Sandgate. Equinox sheet. 

Putnam Brook. — Caledonia and Essex counties; rises in the eastern part of the town 
of Kirby ; flows southeastward 4 miles and joins Moose River (tributary through 
Passumpsic River to the Connecticut) near West Concord. Walker map. 

Q. 

Qxjation Brook. — ^Windsor and Orange counties; rises at an altitude of 1,560 feet 
near the boundary between the towns of Strafford and Sharon; flows southwest- 
ward into White River (tributary to the Connecticut); several small branches, 
one being a stream from Bush Pond, in the northern part of Sharon; fall, 1,080 
feet; length, 5 miles. Walker map and Strafford sheet. 

R. 

Rake Branch. — Bennington and Windham counties; rises in the central part of 
Woodford, Bennington County, on the northern slope of Prospect Mountain, at 
an altitude of 2,440 feet; flows northeastward through several ponds, the largest 
being Billings Pond in the northeastern part of Woodford, across the northwest 
corner of Searsburg, and joins Deerfield River (tributary to the Connecticut) in 
the southwest part of Somerset; chief branch, Redfield Brook; fall, 490 feet; 
length, 7 miles. Bennington and Wilmington sheets. 



198 SURFACE WATERS OP VERMON"T. 

Raponda Lake. — See Ray Pond. 

Ray Pond. — Windham County; eastern part of the town of Wilmington; outlet, Bill 
Brook to North Branch ot Deerfield River (tributary through Deerfield River to 
the Connecticut); altitude 1,850 feet above sea level; area, 166 acres; fall of out- 
let, 250 feet; also known as Lake Raponda. Wilmington sheet. 

Reading Hill Brook. — ^Windsor County; rises in the northeastern part of Reading, 
at an altitude of 1,500 feet; flows southward to its junction with Mill River 
(tributary to the Connecticut); length, about 3§ miles. Woodstock sheet. 

Reading Pond. — ^Windsor County; a small pond on the boimdary line between 
Reading and Plymouth, discharging by Buffalo Brook into Plymouth Pond and 
thus into Black River (tributary to the Connecticut). Walker map. 

Readsboro Pond. — Bennington County; western part of Readsboro; outlet, a stream 
about 1 mile long flowing southeastward into West Branch of Deerfield River 
(tributary to the Connecticut) about 1 mile above Readsboro ; about half a mile 
long; area, 54 acres; altitude, 1,970 feet. Walker map and Wilmington sheet on 
which it is unnamed. 

Red Brook. — Caledonia County; rises in the southern part of the town of Peacham; 
flows southeastward 4 miles and southwestward 3 miles into Wells River (tributary 
to the Connecticut). Walker map. 

Redpield Brook. — Bennington County; rises in the northeastern part of Wood- 
ford, at an altitude of 2,340 feet; flows northeastward about 31 miles into Rake 
Branch (tributary through Deerfield River to the Connecticut) ; receives branches 
from Hagar Hill and Little Pond in the northern part of Woodford; fall, 450 feet. 
Bennington sheet. 

Reservoir Pond. — Windham County; east-central part of the town of Marlboro; 
two outlets, one being a stream passing northwestward to Marlboro Branch (tribu- 
tary through West River to the Connecticut) and the other by way of Whet- 
stone Brook (tributary to the Connecticut) at Brattleboro. Walker map; not 
named on Brattleboro sheet. 

Richmond Brook. — Windsor County; rises in Lakota Lake in the southern part 
of Barnard, at an altitude of 1,885 feet; flows south of east to its junction with Gulf 
Stream (tributary through. Barnard Brook to Ottauquechee River, a branch, of 
the Connecticut) in the eastern part of Barnard; fall, 875 feet; length, 3^ miles. 
Woodstock sheet. 

Richmond Pond. — Chittenden County; northeastern part of Richmond; outlet, 
southward to Winooski River (tributary to Lake Champlain and thus through 
Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence) by a stream about 2 miles long; this stream 
carries also the overflow from Sanborn Pond. Colton map and Walker map. 

Ripord Brook. — Orange County; town of Braintree; a small eastward-flowing tribu 
tary of Third Branch of White River (tributary through White River to the 
C onnecticut) . Rochester sheet . 

RiTTERBusH PoND. — Lamoille County; northwestern part of the town of Eden; inlet 
from Mud Pond; outlet, a stream about a mile long flowing eastward to Fryingpan 
Brook (tributary through. Gihon River to Lamoille River and Lake Champlain 
and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence) ; very small. Walker map. 

Roach Pond. — Rutland County; west-central part of town of Hubbard ton; outlet, a 
stream one-fourth mile long flowing eastward to Austin Pond (outlet to Bomo- 
seen Lake and thus through Castleton and Poultney rivers and Lake Champlain 
to Richelieu River and the St. Lawrence), area, 17 acres; elevation above sea 
level, 537 feet; fall of outlet, 69 feet. Castleton sheet. 

Roaring- Branch. — Bennington County; rises in the western part of Stamford on a 
southern slope of the Green Mountains, at an altitude of 2,780 feet; flows north- 
westward into Pownal, where it joins South Stream (tributary through Walloomsac 
River to Hoosic River and thus to the Hudson) near the Bennington boundary 
line; fall, 1,770 feet; length, 4 miles. Bennington sheet. 



GAZETTEER OF STREAMS. 199 

Roaring Branch. — Bennington County; formed in the southeastern part of Sunder- 
land, at an altitude of 2,240 feet above sea level, by the union of North Alder 
and South Alder brooks; takes a very irregular course west and northwest about 9 
miles to its junction with Batten Kill (tributary to the Hudson), 1 mile north- 
east of Arlington; total fall, 1,600 feet; principal tributaries. South Fork and 
Fayville Branch. Equinox sheet. 

Roaring Brook. — Bennington County; rises in the northern part of Stamford on the 
southern slope of the Green Mountains, at an altitude of 2,580 feet; flows south- 
ward and southeastward into North Branch of Hoosic River (tributary through 
Hoosic River to the Hudson) in the southern part of Stamford; chief branch, 
Nunge Brook; fall, 1,480 feet; length, 6 miles. Bennington sheet. 

Roaring Brook. — Chittenden County; rises in the west-central part of Underhill; 
flows southwestward to its junction with Browns River (tributary through La. 
moille River to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. 
Lawrence) in the northern part of the town of Jericho; about 5 miles long. 
Colton map and Walker map. 

Roaring Brook. — Essex County; rises in the northeastern part of the town of Averill; 
flows northeastward across the town of Canaan into Connecticut River near 
Canaan post office; length, about 6 miles. Walker map. 

Roaring Brook. — Orange County; a stream about 6 miles long flowing southeast- 
ward in the town of Bradford near the boundary between that town and Newbury 
and discharging into Connecticut River. Walker map. 

Roaring Brook. — ^Orleans County; rises in Sweeney Pond in the western part of 
the town of Glover; flows eastward into Parker Pond, thence northeastward 
and eastward into Barton River (tributary to Lake Memphremagog and thus 
through Magog and St. Francis rivers to the St. Lawrence); length, about 7 
miles. Walker map. 

Roaring Brook. — Rutland County; rises in Buffum Pond in the southern part 
of the town of Mount Tabor, at an altitude of 2,650 feet above sea level; flows 
northward into Big Branch (tributary through Otter Creek to Lake Champlain 
and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence) at Griffith; length, about 
4 miles; fall, 1,000 feet; several small tributaries, one of which carries the over- 
flow from three small ponds. Wallingford sheet. 

Roaring Brook. — Rutland County; rises in the northeastern part of Wallingford, 
at an altitude of 1,700 feet above sea level; flows in a course somewhat south of 
west for 2§ miles, then northwestward for 2 miles to Otter Creek (tributary to Lake 
Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence) at Walling- 
ford; fall, about 1,170 feet. Wallingford sheet. 

Robins Branch. — Addison County; rises in the western part of the town of Hancock; 
flows eastward to Hancock post office, where it joins White River (tributary to 
the Connecticut); length, 5 miles. Walker map and Rochester sheet. 

Rock River. — Franklin County; rises in the southwestern part of Franklin; flows 
southwestward into the town of Highgate, then northward into St. Arnold, Canada, 
where it turns and flows back into Highgate to its entrance into Missisquoi Bay, 
Lake Champlain (outlet through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence); about 
13 miles long; principal tributary in Vermont, Saxe Brook. Colton map, Walker 
map, post-route map, and St. Albans sheet. 

Rock River. — ^Windham County; rises in the northern part of the town of Dover, 
at altitude of 2,300 feet above sea level; flows southeastward 8 miles to south New- 
fane, where it joins Marlboro Branch (tributary through West River to the Con- 
necticut); fall, 1,660 feet, of which 800 feet occurs in 2 miles at the head. Wil- 
mington and Brattleboro sheets. 



200 SURFACE WATERS OF VERMONT, 

Rocky Brook. — Washington County; rises in the western part of Northfield; flows 
southeastward into Dog River (tributary through Winooski River to Lake Cham- 
plain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence); length, about 4 
miles. Col ton map; unnamed on Walker map. 

Rocky Pond. — Caledonia County; northern part of town of Sutton; two small in- 
flowing streams; outlet to West Branch of Passumpsic River (tributary through 
Passumpsic River to the Connecticut); small. Walker map. 

Rodman Brook. — Lamoille County; rises near the central part of Hyde Park; flows 
southward into Lamoille River (tributary to Lake Champlain and thus through 
Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence) in the eastern part of Morristown Town- 
ship; about 5 miles long. Walker map. 

Rogers Brook. — Chittenden County; rises in the western part of the town of West- 
ford ; flows southeastward 3 miles, northeastward 1 mile, then southeastward again 
half a mile into Browns River (tributary through Lamoille River to Lake Cham- 
plain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence). Milton sheet. 

Rogers Brook. — Windsor County; rises on the southwestern slope of Rochester 
Mountain at an altitude of 2,000 feet; flows westerly 3 miles and joins White River 
(tributary to the Connecticut) 2 miles below the village of Rochester; fall, 1,230 
feet. Rochester sheet. 

Rood Pond. — ^Washington County; southwestern part of Williamstown; very small; 
outlet, Second Branch of White River (tributary to the Connecticut). Walker 
map. 

Roods Pond. — Chittenden County; western part of Milton; outlet, a stream about 
3 miles long flowing northward 2^ miles then southwestward one-half mile to its 
junction with Stone Bridge Brook (tributary to Lake Champlain and thus through 
Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence); altitude, 374 feet. Milton sheet. 

Root Pond. — Rutland County; at northeast base of Shaw Mountain, in the south- 
western part of the town of Benson; one inlet, flowing through a swampy area 
lying northwest of the lake; outlet, a stream three-fourths mile long flowing 
southeastward to Coggman Creek (tributary through Poultney River to Lake 
Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence); area, 40 
acres; elevation above sea level, 370 feet; fall of outlet, 160 feet. Whitehall 
sheet. 

Round Pond. — Caledonia County; town of Sheffield; a very small pond connected 
with a short stream flowing northwestward into Long Pond (outlet through Bar- 
ton River to Lake Memphremagog and thus through Magog and St. Francis 
rivers to the St. Lawrence). Walker map. 

Round Pond. — Essex County; in Warren Grant; an expansion of the southern end 
of Norton Pond; outlet, Coaticook River to Massawippi River (tributary to St. 
Francis River and thus to the St. Lawrence). Walker map. 

Round Pond. — Orange County; west-central part of town of Newbxu-y; a small pond 
within the area drained by Chalmers Brook (tributary to the Connecticut); no 
outlet mapped. Walker map. 

RuGG Brook. — Franklin County; rises in the south-central part of St. Albans; flows 
in general southwestward into Mill River (tributary to Lake Champlain and thus 
through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence); about 3 miles long. St. Albans 
sheet. 

Runaway Pond. — Orleans County; southern part of the town of Glover; at the head 
of Barton River (tributary through Lake Memphremagog to Magog and St. Francis 
rivers and thus to the St. Lawrence) . In the early part of the nineteenth century a 
pond called Long Pond lay across the line between Greensboro and Glover and was 
the head of Lamoille River. A short distance north lay a small pond from which 
Barton River flowed. In order to increase the supply for a mill on Barton River, 
an attempt was made on June 6, 1810, to open a channel through the bank between 



GAZETTEER OP STREAMS. 201 

the two ijonds. This bank proved to consist cliiefly of loose sand, and as soon as 
tlie water began flowing northward it immediately cut an immense channel by 
which all the waters of Long Pond were discharged in a few minutes. The flood 
destroyed the mills and other property along Barton River and the bed of Long 
Pond was left bare. This bed is now known by the name ' ' Runaway Pond, ' ' but 
a small stream flowing from its north end forms the head branch of Barton River. 
Walker map; Geography and geology of Vermont, by Zadock Thompson, pp. 
194-195, Burlington, 1848; Report on the geology of Vermont, by Edward Hitch- 
cock and others, vol. 2, pp. 729-730. 

Rush Pond. — Lamoille County; southern part of the town of Eden; outlet, a stream 
IJ miles long flowing northeastward to South Pond (tributary through Gihon 
River to Lamoille River and thus through Lake Champlain and Richelieu River 
to the St. Lawrence); about half a mile long. Colton map and Walker map. 

Russell Brook. — Rutland County; rises in the southeastern part of Shrewsbury, 
at an altitude of 2,040 feet above sea level; flows southwest and then west to its 
junction with Mill River (tributary through Otter Creek to Lake Champlain and 
thus through Richeheu River to the St. Lawrence) in the northeastern part of 
the town of Wallingford; length, about 5J miles; fall, about 1,000 feet; several 
unnamed tributaries. Wallingford sheet. 

S. 

Sabine Pond. — Washington County; southern part of Woodbury; inlet, Kingsbiu-y 
Brook; outlet by Kingsbury Brook to Winooski River (tributary to Lake Cham- 
plain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence). Colton map and 
Walker map. 

Sacketts Brook. — Windham County; rises in the southwestern part of Westminster; 
flows south across Putney and the northeast corner of Dummerston into Connec- 
ticut River just south of Putney Station; length, about 5 miles. Walker map. 

Sadawga Pond. — Windham County; west-central part of Whitingham; about 1 mile 
long; area, 137 acres; altitude, 1,670 feet; several inlets; outlet, a stream about 2 
miles long flowing northwestward into Deerfield River (tributary to the Connec- 
ticut). Wilmington sheet. 

St. Catharine Lake. — Rutland County; on line between the towns of Poultney and 
Wells; inlets, Endless Brook and stream from Lily Pond; outlet through Little 
Pond to Wells Brook (tributary through Mettawee River to Lake Champlain and 
thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence) ; elevation above sea level, 
477 feet; length, including Lily Pond and Little Pond, about 5 miles; maximum 
width, 1 mile; area, 930 acres; steamboat route. Pawlet sheet. 

Salem Pond. — Orleans County; on the line between Derby and Salem, the greater 
part of the pond being in Salem; inlet, Clyde River; outlet, Clyde River to Lake 
Memphremagog (outlet through Magog and St. Francis rivers to the St. Law- 
rence). Walker map. 

Sanborn Pond. — Cliittenden County; western part of Bolton; near head of Duck 
Brook; outlet, a stream 3 J miles long flowing west then south to Winooski River 
(tributary to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Law- 
rence); very small. Colton map and Walker map. 

Sargent Pond. — Rutland County; southwestern part of Pittsford; inlet, Castle- 
ton River; outlet, Castleton River to Poultney River (tributary to Lake Cham- 
plain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence); elevation above 
sea level, 600 feet; very small. Castleton sheet. 

Saxe Brook. — Franklin County; rises north of Carter Hill, in Highgate; flows north- 
ward into Rock River (tributary to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu 
River to the St. Lawrence); about 4 miles long. Walker map and St. Albans 
sheet. 



202 SURFACE WATERS OP VERMONT. 

Saxtons RrvBR. — ^Windham Goimty; rises in the north-central part of Windham; 
flows southeastward across Grafton and Rockingham and into the northeast 
corner of Westminster, where it makes an abrupt turn toward the north and 
flows into Connecticut River about 1 mile below Bellows Falls; receiyes one 
large branch from the southwest, and several small branches; length, about 19 
miles. Walker map. 

ScoTTS Brook. — Orange County; a stream about 5 miles long rising in the western 
part of Newbury and flowing northeastward into Wells River (tributary to the 
Connecticut). Walker map. 

Sbaver Brook. — Orleans County; rises in a small pond in the southeastern part 
of Albany; flows in a general southwesterly direction to its junction with Black 
River (tributary to Lake Memphremagog and thus through Magog and St. Francis 
rivers to the St. Lawrence); about 6 miles long; several small tributaries, includ- 
ing stream from Little Hosmer Pond. Walker map. 

Sbwell Brook. — ^Windsor County; rises in the southwestern part of Ludlow; flows 
northward into Black River (tributary to the Connecticut) near Ludlow post 
office; 5 miles long. Walker map. 

Seymour Lake. — Orleans County; central part of Morgan; several inflowing streams 
draining small lakes; outlet, Mill River to Clyde River (tributary through Lake 
Memphremagog to Magog and St. Francis rivers and thus to the St. Lawrence; 3 
miles long and nearly 1 mile in average width. An arm extending westward 
from the north end is about 2 miles wide. Walker map. 

Sharp Brook. — ^Windham Coimty; rises in the south-central part of the town of 
Windham; flows southward into northeastern Jamaica, where it joins Mill Brook 
to form Howard Brook (tributary through West River to the Connecticut). 
Walker map. 

Sheffield Brook. — Orleans County; a small stream in Westmore flowing- eastward 
into Willoughby Lake (outlet, Willowby River to Barton River, which is tributary 
to Lake Memphremagog and thus through Magog and St. Francis rivers to the St. 
Lawrence). Walker map. 

Shelburne Pond. — Chittenden County; eastern part of Shelbume; 2 inflowing 
streams shown; outlet northward by Muddy Creek to Winooski River (tributary 
to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence); 
elevation above sea level, 329 feet; about IJ miles long by half a mile wide; 
marshy areas to south, west, and north. Colton map. Walker map, post-route 
map, and Btulington sheet. 

Sheldon Brook.— Caledonia County; rises in the northwestern part of the town of 
Danville; flows southeastward 4 miles into Morrills Brook (tributary tlirough 
Sleepers River to Passumpsic River and thus to the Connecticut). Colton map 
and Walker map. 

Shepard Brook. — ^Wasliington Coimty; rises in the northwestern part of Faystown; 
flows southeastward into Mad River (tributary through Winooski River to Lake 
Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence) in the 
northern part of the town of Waitsfield; about 6 miles long. Walker map. 

Shepherd Brook. — ^Windsor County; rises in the eastern part of Hartland, at an 
altitude of 880 feet; flows southeastward and northeastward about 2 miles into 
Connecticut River; fall, 560 feet. Hanover sheet. 

Shrewsbury Pond. — Rutland County; southwestern part of Shrewsbury; outlet, 
a stream 1 mile long flowing northward to Mill River (tributary through Otter 
Creek to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Law- 
rence); area, 63 acres; elevation above sea level, 1,457 feet; fall of outlet, 580 
feet; pond is about half a mile long by one-fourth mile wide. WalUngford and 
Rutland sheets. 



GAZETTEER OF STREAMS. 203 

SiLVEB Lake. — ^Addison County; northeast comer of Leicester; outlet, a stream 
about 1 mile long flowing northward to Sucker Brook (tributary through Lake 
Dunmore to Leicester River, Otter Creek, and Lake Champlain and thus through 
Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence); elevation above sea level, 1,241 feet; 
fall of outlet, 340 feet; lake is about three-fourths mile long by one-foiuth of a 
mile wide; area, 70 acres. Brandon sheet. 
Silver Lake. — Franklin County; on line between the towns of Fairfax and Georgia; 
outlet, a stream 2 miles long flowing southward to Beaver Meadow Brook (trib- 
utary through Lamoille River to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu 
River to the St. Lawrence); altitude, 783 feet. Milton sheet. 
Silver Lake. — ^Windsor County; north-central part of the town of Barnard; several 
small inflowing streams; outlet, a short stream flowing northwestward to a tribu- 
tary of Locust Creek (tributary to the Connecticut); altitude, 1,305 feet; lake is 
about half a mile wide (north-south) and nearly three-fourths of a mile long; 
area, 96 acres. Woodstock sheet. 
Simpson Brook. — ^Windham Coimty; rises in the northern part of Townshend; 
flows southward into West River (tributary to Connecticut River); 7 miles long. 
Walker map. 
Slabbridge Brook. — Rutland Coimty; a stream 2 miles long; rises in the north- 
eastern part of the town of Chittenden, at an altitude of 2,500 feet; flows in 
a southwesterly direction to Morrill Brook (tributary through White River 
to the Connecticut) a quarter of a mile above Michigan Camp; fall, 1,050 feet. 
Rochester sheet. 
Sleepers River. — Caledonia County; rises in the southern part of the town of 
Wheelock; flows southeastward 12 miles into Passumpsic River (tributary to 
the Connecticut) near city of St. Johnsbiu-y; several tributaries, all short, the 
largest being Morrills Brook. Colton map, Walker map, and post-route map. 
Smith Brook. — Addison and Windsor counties; rises in the eastern part of the town 
of Goshen, at an altitude of about 2,600 feet; flows southeastward a distance of 
3 J miles to its junction with Brandon Brook (tributary to White River and thus to 
the Connecticut); fall, 1,130 feet. Rochester sheet. 
Smith Brook. — Windham County; rises in the northwestern part of the town of New- 
fane; flows southeasteard into West River (tributary to the Connecticut); about 
6 miles long. Walker map. 
Snow Brook. — Rutland Coimty; rises on the western slope of Pond Mountain, in the 
town of Wells, at an altitude of 1,100 feet above sea level; flows southward IJ miles 
to Wells Brook (tributary through Mettawee River to Lake Champlain and thus 
through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence); fall, 540 feet. Pawlet sheet. 
Somerset Reservoir. — See Chases Pond. 

South Branch. — Windsor County; rises in the northeastern part of the town of 
Reading, at an altitude of 1,600 feet; flows northeastward and northward through 
the town of Woodstock into Ottauquechee River (tributary to the Connecticut) 
near Woodstock; numerous unnamed branches; fall, 930 feet; length, 8 miles. 
Woodstock sheet. 
South Brook. — Franklin Coimty; rises in the eastern part of Averys Gore; flows 
northward into Tamarack Brook (tributary through Missisquoi River to Lake 
Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence) in the town 
of Montgomery; about 4 miles long; called Trout Brook on Colton map and post- 
route map; South Brook on Walker map. 
South Brook. — Orleans County; risesinthesouthwesternpait of townof Jay; flows 
northeastward into Jay Brook (tributary through Missisquoi River to Lake Cham- 
plain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence); about 6 miles 
long. Colton map. 



204 SURFACE WATEES OP VERMONT. 

South Brook. — Rutland County; rises on the southwestern slope of Spoon Moun 
tain, in the southern part of the town of Middletown, at an altitude of 1,050 feet 
above sea level; flows northward and northwestward to its junction with Poultney 
River (tributary to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the 
St. Lawrence) three-fourths of a mile west of Middletown Springs; length, 3^ 
miles; fall, 270 feet; several small tributaries draining the slopes of Spoon, Mor- 
gan, and Barber mountains; principal tributary, Coy Brook. Pawlet sheet. 

South Fork. — Bennington County; rises in the southeastern part of Simderland, at 
an altitude of 3,000 feet above sea level; flows southwestward about 1 mile, west 
1 mile, then irregularly northwestward to its junction with Roaring Branch (tribu- 
tary to Batten Kill and thus to the Hudson); about 5 miles long; fall, 1,500 
feet. Equinox sheet. 

South Pond. — Lamoille County; south-central part of the town of Eden; inlet from 
Rush Pond; outlet, a stream about a mile long flowing northwestward and west- 
ward to Gihon River (tributary through Lamoille River to Lake Champlain and 
thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence); IJ miles long by half a 
mile wide; immediately east of South Pond is Fletcher Pond, for which no out- 
let is shown on the maps. Colton map and Walker map. 

South Pond. — Orange County; a small pond in the western part of the town of Brook- 
field, drained by a stream flowing eastward into Colts Pond; outlet, a stream 
flowing to Ayers Brook and thus through Third Branch of '^liite River to White 
River and to the Connecticut. Walker map. 

South Pond.^ — Windham Coimty; southeastern part of the town of Marlboro; outlet, 
a stream 3 J miles long flowing in general southwestwaid into Green River (tributary 
through Deerfield River to the Connecticut); altitude, 1,640 feet; area, 198 acres. 
Brattleboro sheet. 

South Stream. — Bennington County; rises in the eastern part of Pownal, west of 
The Dome, at an altitude of 1,880 feet; flows west of north into Barber Pond; 
thence northward into Bennington, joining Walloomsac River (tributary through 
Hoosic River to the Hudson) at the city of Bennington; several small ponds lying 
in its course; chief tributaries, Roaring Branch and Jewett Brook; fall, 1,150 
feet; length, 8 miles. Bennington sheet. 

Spaulding Brook. — Essex County; a stream about a mile long rising in the south- 
eastern part of the town of Averill and flowing southeastward to East Branch of 
Nulhegan River (tributary to the Connecticut) . Walker map and private surveys. 

Spruce Pond. — Addison County; southern part of the town of Oi-well; outlet, a 
stream three-fourths of a mile long flowing southward to northwest end of Sunset 
Lake (outlet through Little Pond to Hubbardton and Poultney rivers and Lake 
Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence); elevation 
above sea level, 670 feet; fall of outlet, 167 feet. Ticonderoga sheet. 

Stamford Pond. — Bennington County; northern part of Stamford; outlet, a stream 
about 2 miles long flowing northeastward into West Branch of Deerfleld River 
(tributary through Deerfield River to the Connecticut); area, 11 acres; altitude, 
2,380 feet; small. Bennington sheet. 

Stamford Stream. — Bennington County; rises on the slopes of the Green Mountains 
in the northwestern part of Stamford, at an altitude of 2,760 feet; flows irregularly 
northward through Dunville Hollow into City Stream, a branch of Walloomsac 
River (tributary through Hoosic River to the Hudson); receives a stream from 
Sucker Pond; fall, 1,300 feet; length, 5 miles. Bennington sheet. 

Standing Pond. — Windsor County; northwestern part of Sharon; outlet, short 
stream flowing westward to Fay Brook, branch of White River (tributary to the 
Connecticut); area, 17 acres. Strafford sheet. 

Stanhope Brook. — Franklin County; rises in the eastern part of Richford; flows 
northwestward into Missisquoi River (tributary to I.,ake Champlain and thus 
through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence) at Stevens Mills post office; 3 J 
miles long. Colton map and Walker map. 



GAZETTEER OF STREAMS. 205 

Stanley Brook. — Orleans County; rises near the center of the town of Greensboro; 
flows southward into Greensboro Brook (tributary through Lamoille River to 
Lake Champlain, and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence); about 
2| miles long. Walker map. 

Stannard Pond. — Caledonia County; southeastern part of the town of Stannard; 
outlet, a stream about 3 miles long (considered the head of Joes Brook, tributary 
through Passumpsic River to the Connecticut), discharging into Coleg Pond. 
Walker map. 

Staples Pond. — Orange County; a small pond in the northern part of Williamstown, 
discharging by a stream flowing through Cutters Pond to Stevens Branch of Winoo- 
ski River (tributary to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to 
the St. Lawrence). Walker map. 

Steele Brook. — Franklin County; rises in the southeastern part of the town of High- 
gate; flows northward into Rock River (tributary to Lake Champlain and thus 
through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence); IJ miles long. St. Albans sheet. 

Stephens Brook- See Stevens Brook. 

Sterling Brook. — Washington County; rises in the northwestern part of Warren; 
flows southeastward to Clay Brook (tributary through Mad River to Winooski 
River and Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Law- 
rence); 1 J miles long. Walker map. 

Stetson Brook. — Addison County; rises in the northwestern part of Granville; 
flows north of east into Mad River (tributary through Winooski River to Lake 
Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence) in the 
southern part of Warren, Washington County; about 1 mile long. Walker map. 

Stevens Brook. — Franklin County; rises near the central part of the town of St. 
Albans; flows northward, northwestward, and then southwestward into Lake 
Champlain (outlet through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence) at the head of 
St. Albans Bay; about 8 miles long; principal tributary, Jewett Brook. Colton 
map. Walker map, and St. Albans sheet. 

Stevens Brook. — Orange County; rises in the northern part of Williamstown; 
takes a general northerly course to its junction with Winooski River (tributary to 
Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence) in the 
town of Berlin; principal tributaries. Jail and Ketchum Brooks and stream from 
Berlin Pond; about 8 miles long. Colton map, Walker map, and post-route 
map. Spelled "Stephens" on Colton and pest-route maps. 

Stevensons Brook. — Orleans County; rises in the northeastern part of Lowell; 
flows westward into Missisquoi River (tributary to Lake Champlain and thus 
through RicheUeu River to the St. Lawrence); about 3 miles long. Walker map. 

Stevens River. — Caledonia County; rises in the southwestern part of town of Dan- 
ville; flows southeastward across the northeastern corner of Peacham into Barnet, 
where it joins Connecticut River; principal tributaries, streams draining small 
ponds in Peacham and Harvey Lake in Barnet. Walker map; called Peacham 
Hollow Brook on Colton map. 

Stiles Pond. — Caledonia County; northern part of the town of Waterford; outlet, a 
stream about a mile long flowing northwestward into Moose River (tributary 
through Passumpsic River to the Connecticut). Walker map. 

Stocker Brook. — Caledonia County; rises in the west-central part of the town of 
Danville; flows eastward 4 miles, then northeastward 1^ miles into the western 
part of the town of St. Johnsbury, where it joins Sleepers River (tributary through 
Passumpsic River to the Connecticut). Walker map; called Stoker Brook on 
Colton map. 

Stones Brook. — Franklin County; rises in the northern part of Fletcher; flows 
southwestward to its junction with Lamoille River (tributary to Lake Champlain 
and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence) in the southern part of 
the town of Fairfax; about 6 miles long. Walker map. 



206 SURFACE WATERS OF VERMO]S"T. 

Stone Bridge Brook. — Franklin County; rises in the northeastern part of Milton; 
flows northward then westward about 2J mills, northward 2 miles, then westward 
and southwestward about 5 miles to Lake Champlain (outlet through Richelieu 
River to the St. Lawrence). Colton map. Walker map, and Milton sheet. 

Stones Pond. — Orleans County; town of Glover; inlet, from Daniels Pond; outlet, 
a stream a mile long flowing south of east into Barton River (tributary to Lake 
Memphremagog and thus through Magog and St. Francis rivers to the St. Law- 
rence). Walker map. 

Stony Brook. — Bennington County; rises in the southeastern part of the town of 
Dorset, at an altitude of 1,000 feet above sea level; flows southwestward to its 
junction with Batten Kill (tributary to the Hudson); length, 1^ miles; fall, 290 
feet. Equinox sheet. 

Stony Brook. — Lamoille County; rises in the northern part of Johnson; flows 
northwestward into North Branch of Lamoille River (tributary through Lamoille 
River to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence) 
in the town of Waterville; about 2 miles long. Colton map and Walker map. 

Stony Brook. — Rutland and Windsor counties; rises in the northeastern part of the 
town of Sherbiu-ne; flows north into Fletcher Brook, a branch of White River 
(tributary to the Connecticut); length, 5 miles. Walker map and Rutland sheet. 

Stratton Brook. — Bennington County; rises in the southwest corner of Glasten- 
bury on a western slope of the Green Mountains, at an altitude of 2,550 feet; 
flows southwestward across the southeast corner of Shaftsbury into northeastern 
Bennington, where it joins Furnace Brook, a branch of Walloomsac River (trib- 
utary through the Hoosic River to the Hudson); fall, 1,700 feet; length, 3 miles. 
Bennington sheet. 

Stratton Pond. — Windham County; a pond about 1 mile long in the northwestern 
part of Stratton; altitude, 2,470 feet; several small inlets; outlet, a stream flow- 
ing north into Winhall River, a branch of West River (tributary to the Con- 
necticut; area, 244 acres. Londonderry sheet. 

Streeter Brook. — Chittenden Cotmty; rises on Arrowhead Mountain in Milton; 
flows northwestward 2-J miles, then southward and southeastward 2^ miles to its 
junction with Lamoille River (tributary to Lake Champlain and thus through 
Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence). Milton sheet. 

Sucker Brook. — Addison County; rises in the northwestern part of Goshen; takes 
a general but very irregular westerly coxu-se to Lake Dunmore (outlet through 
Leicester River to Otter Creek and Lake Champlain and thus through Riche- 
lieu River to the St. Lawrence); length, about 6 miles; fall, somewhat more 
than 1,000 feet, of which 600 feet occurs within IJ miles of the lake; several 
small tributaries, including Dutton Brook and stream from Silver Lake. Bran- 
don and Rochester sheets. 

Sucker Brook. — Chittenden County; rises on the northern slope of MoimtPritchard, 
in the eastern part of the town of St. George, at an altitude of 700 feet above sea 
level; flows irregularly northwestward to its junction with Muddy Brook (tribu- 
tary through WinoosM River to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu 
River to the St. Lawrence) in the southwestern part of the town of Williston; 
about 3 miles long; fall, about 380 feet. Walker map and Burlington sheet. 

Sucker Brook. — Grand Isle Coimty; rises in the southern part of Alburg, at an 
altitude of 140 feet above sea level; flows southwestward into La Motte Passage, 
Lake Champlain (outlet through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence); 2 J miles 
long; fall, 43 feet. Rouses Point sheet. 

Sucker Brook. — Rutland County; rises in the southeastern part of the town of 
Hubbardton, at an altitude of 1,100 feet above sea level; flows southwestward 
into Bomoseen Lake (outlet through Castleton and Poultney rivers to Lake 
Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence); length, 4§ 
miles; fall, about 687 feet. Castleton sheet. 



GAZETTEER OP STREAMS. 207 

Sucker Pond. — Bennington County; in the northwestern comer of Stamford; 
outlet, a stream less than a mile long flowing into Stamford Stream, a branch 
of City Stream, tributary through Walloomsac River to Hoosic River (tributary 
to the Hudson); altitude, 2,250 feet; area, 39 acres. Bennington sheet. 

Sugar Hollow Brook. — Rutland County; rises in the northeastern part of Brandon, 
at an altitude of 1,300 feet above sea level; flows southward to its junction with 
Furnace Brook (tributary through Otter Creek to Lake Champlain and thus 
through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence) half a mile southwest of Pittsford 
Mills; length, about 9 miles; fall, 900 feet. Brandon and Castleton sheets. 

Sunderland Brook. — Chittenden County; rises in the southeastern part of Col- 
chester; flows northward 4 miles, then westward and southward 3 miles into 
WinoosM River (tributary to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu 
River to the St. Lawrence). Walker map and Milton sheet. 

Sunset Lake. — Rutland County; northeastern part of the town of Benson; inlets 
from Spruce, Doughty, and Mud ponds; contours indicate that outlet may be by 
a channel about 350 feet long leading from northeast corner of lake to Little Pond 
(outlet through Hubbardton and Poultney rivers to Lake Champlain and thus 
through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence), though no connecting stream is 
shown on the map; area, 256 acres; elevation above sea level, 503 feet. Ticon- 
deroga and Whitehall sheets. 

Sweeney Pond. — Orleans Coimty; town of Glover; outlet, a stream (head of Roaring 
Brook) to Parker Pond (outlet, Roaring Brook to Barton River, tributary to 
Lake Memphremagog and thus through Magog and St. Francis rivers to the St. 
Lawrence); small. Walker map. 

Swept Brook. — Franklin County; rises in the central part of Fairfax; flows west of 
south into Lamoille River (tributary to Lake Champlain and thus through 
Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence); about 3 miles long. Milton sheet. 

Sykes Hollow Brook. — Rutland County; rises on the southern slope of Woodlawn 
Mountain in the town of Danby, at an altitude of 2,800 feet above sea level; flows 
westward and southwestward 2i miles into Mettawee River (tributary to Lake 
Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence) near North 
Rupert; fall, 2,060 feet. Pawlet sheet. 

Syms Pond. — Caledonia County; northeastern part of town of Ryegate; inlet and 
outlet, Manchester Brook (tributary to Connecticut River). Walker map. . 



Tabor Brook. — Orange County; rises in the northern part of the town of Topsham 
flows southward and enters Waits River (tributary to the Connecticut) at East 
Corinth post office; about 10 miles long. Walker map. 

Taft Brook. — Orleans County; rises in the central part of Westfield; flows south- 
eastward then northeastward into Missisquoi River (tributary to Lake Champlain 
and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence); tributary. Tin Brook; 
about 4i miles long. Walker map. 

Tamarack Brook. — Franklin County; rises in the southern part of Montgomery; 
flows northeastward into Trout River (tributary through Missisquoi River to 
Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence) near 
Montgomery Center; about 3 miles long. Walker map and Colton map. 

Tanner Brook. — Bennington County; rises on the southern slope of Equinox Moun- 
tain in the western part of Manchester, at an altitude of about 3,100 feet above 
sea level; takes a general southerly course to its junction with Batten Kill 
(tributary to Hudson River) at Sunderland; length, 3^ miles; fall, 2,500 feet, of 
which 2,300 feet occurs in the upper 2 miles of its course. Equinox sheet. 

Taylor Brook. — Addison Coimty; town of Hancock; a stream about 2 miles long 
rising on Gillespie Moimtain and flowing southward into Hancock Branch (tribu- 
tary through White River to the Connecticut)near Branch School. Rochester sheet. 
73175°— WSP 424—17 14 



208 SURFACE WATERS OF VERMONT. 

Tenney Brook. — Rutland County; rises near Mendon, at an altitude of 960 feet 
above sea level; flows soutliwestward into East Creek (tributary through Otter 
Creek to Lake ChamplAin and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Law- 
rence) at Rutland; length, about 4 miles; fall, 420 feet. Rutland sheet. 

Terry Brook. — Bennington County; rises in the northern part of Sandgate; flows 
southwestward 3J miles to its junction with Camden Valley creek (tributary 
through Batten Kill to the Hudson). Equinox sheet. 

Texas Brook. — ^Addison County; rises in Texas Gap in the town of Granville; flows 
southwestward 2 miles, then southeastward 1 mile into Hancock Branch (tribu- 
tary through White River to the Connecticut). Rochester sheet. 

Thatcher Brook.— Addison County; rises in the southeastern part of the town of 
Granville; flows southwestward 3^ miles into White River (tributary to the 
Connecticut). Walker map and Rochester sheet. 

Thayer Brook. — Orange County; rises in the southwestern part of the town of 
Braiatree; flows southeastward and eastward 4 miles, and joins Third Branch of 
. White River (tributary through White River to the Connecticut) at the village 
of Randolph. Walker map. 

Thorpe Brook. — Chittenden County; rises near Charlotte, at an elevation of about 
250 feet above sea level; flows southward 2^ miles, then westward half a mile 
into Lake Champlain (outlet through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence); fall, 
150 feet; length, 3 miles. Willsboro sheet. 

Thundering Brook. — Rutland County; rises in the southwestern part of the town 
of Sherburne, at an altitude of 2,520 feet; flows northwestward through Pico 
Pond, northward and northeastward, and joins Ottauquechee River (tributary 
to the Connecticut) in the northern part of Sherburne. Walker map; shown but 
not named on Rutland sheet. 

Ticklenaked Pond. — Caledonia County; southern part of town of Ryegate; outlet, 
a stream 1 mile long flowing southwestward into Wells River (tributary to the 
Connecticut) . Walker map . 

TiDD Hollow Brook. — Bennington County; a stream rising on the west slope of 
Red Mountain and flowing northwestward and westward into Green River (tribu- 
tary through Batten Kill to the Hudson) in the southern part of the town of 
Sandgate. Equinox sheet. 

Tigertown Brook. — Windsor County; rises in the southwestern part of Norwich, 
at an altitude of 1,400 feet; flows westward and southwestward and joins Podunk 
Brook about one-quarter of a mile northeast of its junction with White River 
(tributary to the Connecticut); fall, about 1,000 feet; length, 3 J miles. Hanover 
sheet. 

TiLDEN Pond. — Windsor County; a small pond in the eastern part of the town of 
Norwich, discharging by a short stream flowing somewhat west of south into 
Connecticut River. Walker map. 

Tin Brook. — Orleans County; rises in the central part of Westfield; flows south- 
eastward into Taft Brook (tributary through Missisquoi River to Lake Cham- 
plain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence); about a mile long. 
Walker map. 

Tinker Brook. — Rutland and Windsor counties; rises in the northeastern part of 
Shrewsbury; flows southeastward into Plymouth Pond, which discharges by a 
stream into Black River (tributary to the Connecticut); about 2^ miles long. 
Walker map. 

TiNMOUTH Pond. — Rutland County; south of Clark Mountain in southeastern comer 
of Tinmouth; outlet, a stream three-fourths of a mile long flowing westward into 
Clarendon River (tributary through Otter Creek to Lake Champlain and thus 
through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence) about 1 mile below the head of 
the latter; elevation above sea level, 1,210 feet; fall of outlet, 110 feet. Pawlet 
sheet. 



GAZETTEER OF STREAMS. 209 

Toad Pond.— Orleans County; town of Charleston; a small pond in the western part 
of the town of Charleston, discharging by a short stream flowing northeastward 
into Clyde River (tributary through Lake Memphremagog to Magog and St. 
Francis rivers and thus to the St. Lawrence). Walker map. 

Toad Pond.— Orleans County; a small pond in the northeastern pait of Morgan, 
discharging by a stream flowing southwestward into Seymour Lake (outlet by 
way of Mill River through Echo Pond to Clyde River, which is tributary through 
Lake Memphremagog to Magog and St. Francis rivers and thus to the St. Law- 
rence). Walker map. . 

Toddy Brook.— Orange County; town of Braintree; a stream IJ miles long, flowmg 
northeastward into Riford Brook (tributary through Third Branch of White 
River to White River and thus to the Connecticut). Rochester sheet. 

TowNSEND Brook.— Rutland County; a stream about 3 miles long, flowing eastward 
from the eastern part of the town of CHttenden into Pittsfield, where it enters 
Tweed River (tributary through White River to the Connecticut); fall, 1,700 
feet. Rochester sheet. 

Tracy Brook —Franklin County; rises in the central part of Fairfax; flows south- 
westward into LamoUle River (tributary to Lake Champlain and thus through 
Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence); about 3 miles long. Colton map and 

Walker map. ,,. r ji .. *. 

Train Brook.— Rutland County; rises in the northeastern part of Middletown, at 
an altitude of 1,950 feet above sea level; flows southward to its junction with 
Poultney River (tributary to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River 
to the St. Lawrence) 1 mile east of Middletown Springs; length, about 2\ miles; 
fall, 950 feet. Castleton and Pawlet sheets. 

Trout Brook.— CHttenden County; rises near the central part of the town of Milton; 
flows west of south 2 miles, northwestward 2 miles, then southwestward again 1 
mile into Lake Champlain (outlet through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence). 

Milton sheet. , i • ^ ^i. 

Trout Brook.— FrankUn County; rises in the central part of Berksliire; flows south- 
westward to its junction with Missisquoi River (tributary to Lake Champlain and 
thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence) in the northwestern part of 
the town of Enosburg; about 4 miles long. Colton map and Walker map.^ 
Trout Brook.— Orleans County; rises in the northwestern part of Brownmgton; 
flows southwestward 4 miles into Barton River (tributary through Lake Mem- 
phremagog to Magog and St. Francis rivers and thus to the St. Lawrence). 

Walker map. 

Trout Lake —FrankUn County; southeastern part of Bakersfield; outlet, a stream 
2 miles long flowing northwestward into Black Creek (tributary through Mis- 
sisquoi River to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. 
Lawrence) ; about half a mile long. Walker map. 

Trout River.— Franklin County; rises in the northwestern part of Westfield; flows 
southwestward into the town of Montgomery, where it turns and flows westward 
and then northwestward to its junction with Missisquoi River (tributary to Lake 
Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence) m the south- 
eastern part of Berkshire; about 13 miles long ; principal tributaries. Tamarack 
and Mill brooks. Colton map. Walker map, and post-route map. 

Tucker Brook.— Addison County; town of Hancock; a stream about 2 miles long, 
rising on the south slope of Gillespie Mountain and flowing southeastward and 
southward into Hancock Branch (tributary through White River to the Connec- 
ticut) half a mile east of Branch School. Rochester sheet. 



210 SURFACE WATERS OF VERMONT. 

Tunnel Brook. — ^Addison County; town of Hancock; rises near Hancock Tunnel, 
east of Philadelphia Peak; flows northwestward 1 mile, then northeastward IJ 
miles into White River (tributary to the Connecticut) northwest of Cobble Hill. 
Rochester sheet. 

Tweed River. — Rutland County; rises in the northeastern part of the town of Men- 
don; flows north of east into the town of Sherburne, then in general northward, 
crossing corners of the towns of Sherburne, Stockbridge, and Chittenden, to the 
eastern part of Pittsfield, thence eastward into Stockbridge again, where it joins 
White River (tributary to the Connecticut) ; length, 10 miles. Walker map and 
Rutland and Rochester sheets. 

Tweed River, West Branch. — Rutland County; rises in the northern part of the 
town of Chittenden, at an altitude of 3,200 feet; flows southeasterly 9^ miles and 
joins Tweed River (tributary through Wliite River to the Connecticut) at the 
village of Pittsfield; fall, 2,150 feet. Rochester sheet. 

TwENTYMiLE Stream. — ^Windsor County; rises in the southwestern part of Reading; 
flows southeastward into Black River (tributary to the Connecticut) in the town 
of Cavendish near Proctorsville post ofiice; several small tributaries; length, 
about 7 miles. Walker map. 

Tylers Branch. — Franklin County; rises in the southern part of Enosburg; flows 
northwestward to its junction with Missisquoi River (tributary to Lake Cham- 
plain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence) in the eastern part 
of the town of Sheldon; about 9 miles long; tributaries, Cold Hollow and 
Bogues brooks. Walker map, Colton map, and post-route map. 

U- 

Umpire Brook.— Essex County; a stream about 4 miles long rising in the northern 
part of the town of Victory and flowing southeastward to its junction with Mill 
Brook, with which it forms Bog Brook (tributary tlirough Moose River to 
Passumpsic River and thus to the Connecticut). Walker map. 

V. 

Vail Brook. — Rutland County; rises in the northwestern part of the town of Middle- 
town, at an altitude of 1,240 feet above sea level; flows southward to its junction 
with Poultney River (tributary, to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu 
River to the St. Lawrence) 1 mile west of Middletown Springs; length, about 2 
miles; total fall, 470 feet. Castleton and Pawlet sheets. 

Vershire Brook. — Orange County; a short tributary of Ompompanoosuc River 
(tributary to the Connecticut), draining the central part of the town of Thetford. 
Walker map. 

W. 

Waits River. — Orange County; rises on Knox Mountain in the northern part of the 
town of Orange; flows southeastward across the southwest corner of Topsham, the 
northeast corner of Corinth, and the center of Bradford into Connecticut River; 
length, 20 miles; principal tributaries. Tabor Brook and South Branch. Walker 
map and Colton map. 

Waits River, South Branch. — Orange County; rises in the southwestern part of 
the town of Corinth; flows very irregularly eastward to its junction with Waits 
River (tributary to the Connecticut) in the western part of the town of Bradford; 
about 10 miles long; principal named tributary. Potash Brook. Walker map. 

Walkers Pond. — Orleans County; northern part of Lowell; outlet, a stream 1 mile 
long flowing southeastward into Missisquoi River (tributary to Lake Champlain 
and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence); about half a mile long. 
Walker map. 



I 



GAZETTEER OF STREAMS. 211 

Wallace Brook. — ^Essex County; rises in the eastern part of the town of Granby; 
flows southwestward 1| miles, then southeastward 3 miles into Connecticut River 
in the eastern part of the town of Guildhall. Walker map. 

Wallace Pond. — See Forest Lake. 

Wallingford Pond. — Rutland County; southern part of Wallingford; outlet, by a 
stream about 3 miles long flowing very irregularly northeastward into Mill River 
(tributary through Otter Creek to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu 
River to the St. Lawrence) in the town of Mount Holly; elevation above sea level, 
2,157 feet; fall of outlet, 925 feet; nearly a mile long; area, 87 acres; connected by 
channel about one-fourth of a mile long with a small pond lying south of it. 
Wallingford sheet. 

Walloomsac Brook. — Bennington County; rises as BoUes Brook in the southern 
part of Glastonbury, at an altitude of 3,100 feet; flows southwestward through 
northweatem Woodford into Bennington, whence it is called Walloomsac River; 
chief branches, Bickford Hollow Brook and City Stream. Bennington sheet. 

Walloomsac River. — Bennington County, Vt., and Rensselaer County, N. Y. ; 
rises in tbe southern part of Glastenbury, Vt., at its headwaters being called 
BoUes and Walloomsac brooks; altitude, 3,100feet above sea level ; flows irregularly 
southwestward across northwestern Woodstock into Bennington, thence north- 
westward and westward to Hoosick Junction, Rensselaer County, N. Y., where 
it joins Hoosic River (tributary to the Hudson); chief tributaries in Vermont, 
Walloomsac and Furnace brooks. South Stream, and Paran, Little White, and 
White creeks; fall, 2,720 feet, of which 2,200 feet occurs in 8 miles above Benning- 
ton; length, 25 miles. Hoosick, Bennington, Equinox, and Cambridge sheets. 

Warden Pond. — Caledonia County; central part of town of Barnet; one inflowing 
stream; connected by a short southward-flowing stream with Moores Pond (outlet 
to Connecticut River). Walker map. 

Warm Brook. — Bennington County; rises on the eastern slope of West Mountain, 
about 1 mile north of Shaftsbury Center, at an altitude of 1,300 feet above sea 
level; flows northeastward to its junction with Fayville Branch (tributary through 
Roaring Branch to Batten Kill and thus to Hudson River) at East Arlington; 
length, about 8 miles; fall, 590 feet. Bennington and Equinox sheets. 

Water Andric Brook. — Caledonia County; rises in the western part of the town of 
Danville ; flows southeastward about 9 miles to the northern part of the town of Bar- 
net, where it joins Passumpsic River (tributary to the Connecticut) . Walker map. 

Waterbury River. — Lamoille County; rises in the northeastern part of Stowe; flows 
southeastward about 3 miles, then turns abruptly and flows southwestward to its 
junction with Winoosld River (tributary to Lake Champlain and thus through 
Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence); about 15 miles long; principal tributaries, 
West Branch, Gold Brook, and Miller Brook; gaging station near Waterbury, 1910. 
Colton map. Walker map, and post-route map. 

Waterbury River, West Branch. — Lamoille County; rises in the northwestern 
part of Stowe; flows southeastward into Waterbury River (tributary through 
Winooski River to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the 
St. Lawrence) near the center of the township; about 6 miles long. Walker map 
and post-route map. 

Wells Brook. — Rutland County; rises on the western slope of Tinmouth Mountain 
in the town of Tinmouth, at an altitude of 2,300 feet above sea level; flows south- 
westward, southward, westward, and southwestward to its junction with Mettawee 
River (tributary to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the 
St. Lawrence) near Blossoms Corners in the northwestern part of the town of 
Pawlet; length, about 10 miles; fall, 1,900 feet, of which 1,200 feet occurs in 
2 miles at the head of the stream; receives a number of small tributaries drain- 
ing precipitous slopes. Most important tributary, Mill Brook, the outlet of 
Little Pond, the southern arm of St. Catharine Lake. Pawlet sheet. 



212 SUEPACE WATERS OF VERMONT, 

Wells Rivee. — Caledonia and Orange counties; rises in Groton Pond, in the northern 
part of the town of Groton; flows southeastward through Lunds Pond, crossing 
Groton and the southwestern corner of Ryegate into the northeastern corner of 
Newbury, where it joins Connecticut River; principal tributaries, streams 
draining small areas in Groton, Ryegate, Topsham, and Newbury. Walker map. 

Wells River Pond. — See Groton Pond. 

West Branch. — ^Essex County; rises in Lewis Pond in the northern part of the town 
of Lewis; flows southeastward 4 miles into Black Branch (tributary through 
NuDiegan River to Connecticut River). Walker map. 

West Brook. — Caledonia County; rises in the central part of the town of Wheelock; 
flows southeastward 8 miles into Passumpsic River (tributary to the Connecticut). 
Walker map. 

West Brook. — Orleans County; rises in Corey Pond in the southern part of Lowell; 
flows northward 1\ miles, then northeastward 4 miles to its junction with Missis- 
quoi River (tributary to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to 
the St. Lawrence). Colton map and Walker map. 

Westford Pond.— Chittenden County; southwestern part of town of Westford; 
outlet. Pond Brook to Rogers Brook (tributary through Browns and Lamoille 
rivers to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Law- 
rence); altitude, 790 feet. Milton sheet. 

West Hill Pond. — ^Washington County; near central part of Cabot; inlet from 
CoitsPond; outlet, Winooski River to Lake Champlain (outlet through Richelieu 
River to the St. Lawrence). Walker map. 

West Pond. — Essex County; northwesternpart of town of Maidstone; inlet, a stream 
from the northwest If miles long; outlet. South Branch of Wheeler Stream (tribu- 
tary to Wheeler Stream and thus to the Connecticut) ; area, about 7 acres. Walker 
map and private surveys. 

West River. — Rutland, Windsor, Bennington, and Windham counties; rises in the 
southeastern part of Mount Holly, at an altitude of 2,400 feet above sea level; 
flows southward across Weston and Londonderry and southeastward across Ja- 
maica, Townshend, Newfane, and Dummerston into Brattleboro, where it joins 
Connecticut River. Near the south line of Londonderry it receives Winhall 
River; in Jamaica it receives two large branches from the west and one from the 
east, and in Newfane it receives Marlboro and Smith branches; length, about 45 
miles. The branches afford considerable power. The basin contains a number 
of ponds, of which Stratton Pond, in Stratton, Lowell Lake, in Londonderry 
and North Pond, in Marlboro, are the largest. Walker map and Wallingford and 
Londonderry sheets. 

Wheeler Pond, South. — Essex County; southern part of town of Brunswick; inlet, 
a stream from West Pond; outlet, South Branch of "\\Tieeler Stream (tributary to 
Wheeler Stream and thus to the Connecticut) ; area, about 135 acres. Walker map 
and private surveys. 

Wheeler Stream. — Essex County; rises in Notch Pond in the eastern part of town 
of Ferdinand; flows in a general southeasterly direction 4 J miles across the town 
of Brunswick and joins Connecticut River about 2 miles below Bloomfield; 
passes through Dennis Pond; principal tributary is South Branch, which drains 
West and South Wheeler ponds; total drainage area, about 20 aquare miles. 
Walker map and private surveys. 

Wheeler Stream, South Branch. — Essex County; rises in southeastern part of 
town of Ferdinand; flows southeastward 1| miles to West Pond, then northeast- 
ward 2\ miles through South Wheeler Pond and joins Wheeler Stream (tributary 
to the Connecticut) about half a mile above its mouth. Walker map and private 
surveys. 



GAZETTEER OF STREAMS. 213 

Wheelock Pond. — Caledonia County; western part of Wheelock; outlet, a stream 
about 2 miles long flowing northwestward to Lamoille River (tributary to Lake 
Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence). Colton map 
and Walker map. 

Wheelocks Pond. — Washington County; northeastern part of Calais; inlet, from 
Nelsons Pond; outlet, a stream about 4 miles long flowing in a general southerly 
direction to Kingsbury Brook (tributary through Winooski Hiver to Lake Cham- 
plain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence). Colton map and 
Walker map. 

Whetstone Brook. — ^Windham County; rises in the south-central part of the town 
of Marlboro, at an altitude of 1,660 feet above sea level; flows northeastward to 
Reservoir Pond, then eastward and southeastward to the city of Brattleboro, 
where it enters Connecticut River; fall, 1,440 feet; length, 12 miles. Brattleboro 
sheet. 

Whetstone Brook. — ^Windham Coimty; rises in the southeastern part of the town 
of Stratton, at an altitude of 1,960 feet above sea level; flows northeastward 12 
miles into West River (tributary to the Connecticut); many short tributaries 
draining steep slopes in northwestern Wardsboro. Londonderry sheet. 

White Creek. — Bennington County; rises on the northern slope of Bear Mountain 
in the southeastern part of Rupert, at an altitude of 2,500 feet above sea level; 
flows westward about 6 miles, then turns abruptly and flows southwestward to its 
junction with Black Creek (tributary through Batten KUl to Hudson River) near 
East Greenwich, Washington County, N. Y.; length, about 15 miles; total fall, 
about 2,100 feet, of which 1,100 feet occurs in the first mile of its course and 600 
feet more in the next 2 J miles; principal tributaries. Trout and Beaver brooks, 
both in New York. Equinox and Cambridge sheets. 

White Creek. — Bennington County; rises half a mile west of Lye Brook Meadows 
in the eastern part of Sunderland, at an elevation of 2,740 feet above sea level; 
flows in a general northeasterly direction IJ miles to its junction with Lye Brook 
(tributary through Batten Kill to Hudson River) ; fall, 540 feet. Equinox sheet. 

White Creek. — Bennington County, Vt., and Rensselaer County, N. Y. See 
Little White Creek. 

White River. — Addison and Windsor counties; rises in the town of Ripton; flows 
eastward into Granville, thence southeastward, passing across the eastern corner 
of Hancock, through Rochester, into Stockbridge, then turns abruptly and flows 
northeastward into Bethel, then southeastward across Royalton and Sharon to its 
junction with Connecticut River in Hartford; length, about 50 miles; drainage 
area, 710 square miles. It receives from the north three large branches, the First 
and Second branches joining it in Royalton and the Third in Bethel. It was called 
White River long before the country in its neighborhood was settled, and the name 
is supposed to have been given to it by the early hunters because of the clearness 
of its water and the light color of its pebbles. Gaging station at Sharon 1903-4; 
1909-1914; and at West Hartford, 1915-16. Post-route map, Walker map; Physi- 
cal geography and geology of Vermont, by Zadock Thompson, Burlington, 1848; 
Rochester sheet. 

White River, East Branch. — Orange County; rises in the western part of Wash- 
ington; flows west of south across Chelsea and Tunbridge into Royalton, where 
it joins White River (tributary to the Connecticut) at South Royalton; length, 
about 20 miles; called First Branch on Walker map; chief branches, Jenken, Jail, 
Crams, Bicknell, Dewey, and Farnham brooks. Strafford sheet. 

White River, Robins Branch. — See Robins Branch. 



214 SURFACE WATEES OP VERMONT. 

White Bivek, Second Branch. — Washington County; rises in the southern part 
of Williamstown; flows southward through Cutters Pond, crossing the eastern 
part of Brookfield and Kandolph, the eastern corner of Bethel, and the western 
corner of Royalton to North Royalton, where it joins WTiite Kiver (tributary to 
the Connecticut); receives streams from Rood and Pierce ponds; several un- 
named branches; about 20 miles long. Industrial Vermont and Walker map. 

White River, Third Branch. — ^Washington County; rises in the west-central part 
of the town of Roxbuxy; flows southward across the eastern corner of the town 
of Granville, southward and southeastward through the town of Braintree, across 
the western corner of the town of Randolph, and east of south to the south- 
eastern part of the town of Bethel, where it joins White River (tributary to the 
Connecticut); length, about 20 miles. Walker map. 

White River, West Branch. — ^Addison and Windsor counties; rises in the south- 
western part of the town of Hancock; flows southeastward to West Rochester, then 
eastward into Rochester, where it joins White River (tributary to the Connecti- 
cut) ; length, about 10 miles. Rochester sheet. 

Whiting Brook. — Orange County; rises in Halls Pond in the south-central part of 
the town of Newbury; flows southeastward into Chalmers Brook (tributary to the 
Connecticut); 3 mUes long. Walker map. 

Whitman Brook. — ^Windsor County; rises in eastern part of Pomfret, at an altitude 
of 1,600 feet; flows southward and southeastward about 3 miles into Ottauquechee 
River (tributary to the Connecticut) in the southwestern part of Hartford; small 
stream; fall, 1,000 feet. Hanover sheet. 

Whittaker Brook. — Franklin County; rises near the central part of Richford; 
flows northwestward into Missisquoi River (tributary to Lake Champlain and 
through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence) ; about 2 miles long. Walker map. 

Wild Brook. — Lamoille County; rises in the eastern part of the town of Eden; flows 
south and southwest into Lamoille River (tributary to Lake Champlain and thus 
through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence) in the western part of Wolcott 
Township; about 10 miles long; Colton map, Walker map, and post-route map. 

Wild Brook. — Lamoille County; rises in the western part of the town of Eden; 
flows southeastward to its junction with Gihon River (tributary through La- 
moUle River to Lake Champlain and thus through Riehelieu River to the St 
Lawrence) in the eastern part of the town of Johnson; about 4^ miles long. Colton 
map and Walker map. 

Willard Stream. — Essex County; rises in the eastern part of the town of Averill; 
flows southeastward 3 mile's, then eastward 3 miles, and enters Connecticut River 
in the southeastern part of the town of Canaan. Walker map. 

Willey Pond. — LamoUle County; east-central part of the town of Eden; south of 
North Pond; no outlet shown on map. Walker map. 

Williams River. — Windsor County; Lyman Branch, considered the continuation of 
the main stream, rises in Andover and flows eastward across Chester; below 
Chester Williams River flows southeastward across Rocldngham and enters Con- 
necticut River 3 mUes north of Bellows Falls; length to head of Lyman Branch, 
about 20 miles. Walker map. 

Williams River, North Branch. — Windsor County; rises in the town of Andover, 
its principal headwater stream being called Chase Brook. From the eastern slope 
of Mount Terrible Chase Brook flows eastward to Spafford, where it joins the 
stream called North Branch of Williams River (tributary through Williams River 
to the Connecticut); length of the North Branch from Chester to the head of 
Chase Brook, about 13 miles. Walker map. 

Williams River, South Branch. — ^Windsor County; rises in the southeastern 
corner of Andover and flows somewhat north of east to Chester, where it joins 
Williams River (tributary to the Connecticut); length, about 8 miles. Walker 
map. 



GAZETTEER OP STREAMS. 215 

WiLLOUGHBY Lake. — Orleans County; town of Westmore; inlets, Sheffield and Mill 
brooks and several smaller streams; outlet, Willougliby River to Barton River 
(tributary to Lake Memphremagog and thus through Magog and St. Francis rivers 
to the St. Lawrence); about 5 miles long and 1| miles wide. Walker map. 

WiLLOUGHBY RivER. — Orleans County; rises in Willoughby Lake in the town of 
Westmore; flows northwestward across the southern part of Brownington and the 
northern part of Barton to its junction with Barton River (tributary to Lake Mem- 
phremagog and thus through Magog and St. Francis rivers to the St. Lawrence); 
length, about 10 miles. Walker map. 

Wilson Brook. — Caledonia County; a stream about 2 miles long draining a small 
area in the southwestern part of Ryegate and flowing southeastward into Wells 
River (tributary to the Connecticut). Walker map. 

WiNHALL Brook. — Bennington and Windham counties; rises in the southern part of 
Peru on the eastern slope of Bromley Mountain, at an altitude of 2,900 feet; flows 
southeastward across the southeastern part of Peru and the southwestern part of 
Londonderry into Winhall River about a mile above its junction with West River 
(tributary to the Connecticut); fall, 1,900 feet, of which 1,400 feet occurs in the 
first 2 miles of its course; length, about 8 miles. Londonderry sheet. 

Winhall River. — ^Windham and Bennington counties; rises in the north-central 
part of Stratton, at an altitude of 3,700 feet; flows northwestward into Winhall 
through the southern part oi Winhall, eastward and northeastward through the 
northwestern corner of Jamaica and joins West River (tributary to the Connec- 
ticut) in the southern part of Londonderry; branches, streams from Stratton Pond, 
in Stratton, and Little Pond, in Winhall, and IVIill and Winhall brooks; fall, 2,800 
feet; length, about 16 miles. Londonderry sheet. 

WiNOOSKi (or Onion) River. — ^Washington County; rises in the northern part of 
Cabot; flows in a general southwesterly course across the towns of Marshfield and 
Plainfield to the southern part of East Montpelier, where it turns and flows north- 
westward to Lake Champlain (outlet through Richelieu River to the St. Law- 
rence) in Colchester, about 4 miles northwest of Burlington; between Water- 
bxiry and Jonesville the river cuts through the Green Mountains; length, about 
60 miles; drainage area, approximately 1,100 square miles; headwater region 
contains a number of lakes, but the proportion of lake surface to the entire area 
is small; upper part of basin mountainous and fairly well forested; below 
Montpelier the slope of the river is in general rather flat. Mean annual rainfall 
in this region ranges from about 33 inches at Burlington to about 40 inches at 
the headwaters of Winooski River. Principal tributaries, Kingsbury and North 
branches (Worcester Branch), and Dog, Mad, Waterbury, and Huntington rivers. 
Many of these tributary streams are fed by ponds. Gaging stations: Above 
Stevens Branch, 1909-1913; at Montpelier, 1909-1916; at Richmond, 1903-1907, 
1910; at Winooski, 1903. Walker map, Burlington and Plattsburg sheets and 
post-route map; Report on geology of Vermont, 1861, Edward Hitchcock and 
others (2 vols.); U. S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 264, pp. 112-119, 1910. 

Winooski River, North Branch (Worcester Branch). — Lamoille County; rises 
in central part of town of Elmore; flows southward to its junction with Win- 
ooski River (tributary to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to 
the St. Lawrence) at Montpelier; about 18 miles long; several small tributaries, 
of which only two — ^Minister and Martins brooks — are named on the maps; one 
of the important tributaries of the Winooski; gaging station at Montpelier, 1909- 
1914. Col ton map, Walker map, and post-route map; U. S. Geol. Survey Water- 
Supply Paper 264, pp. 116-117, 1910; called Worcester Branch in the water-supply 
paper, but North Branch on all the maps. 

Winooski River Pond. See Onion River Pond. 



216 SURFACE WATERS OF VERMONT. 

WoLcoTT Pond. — Lamoille County; eastern part of Wolcott; outlet by Pond Brook 
to Lamoille River (tributary to Lake Champlain and thus through Eichelieu 
River to the St. Lawrence); about three-fourths of a mile long by one-fourth of 
a mile wide. Col ton map and Walker map. 

Woodford Little Pond. — Bennington County; in the northern part of Woodford; 
outlet, a stream to Redfield Brook, which flows into Rake Branch (tributary 
through Deerfield River to the Connecticut); altitude, 2,620 feet; area, 12 acres. 
Bennington sheet. 

Worcester Branch. — See Winooski River, North Branch. 

Worcester Pond. — ^Washington County; eastern part of Worcester; inlet, from Flat 
Pond; outlet. North Branch of Winooski River to Winooski River (tributary to 
Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence); about 
1 mile long. Colton map and Walker map. 



Yaw Pond Brook. — Bennington County; rises in the eastern part of Woodford, at 
an altitude of 2,230 feet; flows south about 2^ miles into West Branch of Deerfield 
River (tributary through Deerfield River to the Connecticut); fall, 300 feet. 
Bennington sheet. 

Yellow Branch. — Essex County; rises in the central part of the town of Lewis; 
flows east of south 6 miles and unites with Nulhegan River (tributary to the Con- 
necticut) in the northwestern part of the town of Brunswick; drainage area, 10.5 
square miles. Walker map and private siu-veys. 

YouNGMAN Brook. —Franklin County; rises in the southern part of the town of 
Highgate; flows in general northwestward into Dead Creek (tributary to Lake 
Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St Lawrence). St. Albans 
sheet. 

Z. 

Zach Wood Pond. — Lamoille County; eastern part of Hyde Park; no outlet shown 
on Walker map. 



INDEX. 



Page. 

Accuraey, degree of. 7,11-12 

Barre, Jail Branch at 134 

Barrows, H. K., work of 8 

Bellows Falls, Connecticut River at 135 

Brett, G. M., work of 9 

Bull Rim Brook at Northfleld 135 

Burlington, Lake Champlain at 14-19 

Butterfield, A. D., work of 9 

Cadys Falls, Lamoille River at 77-82 

Lamoille River at, rating curve for 78 

view of '. 41 

Calais Center, Curtis Pond outlet at 134 

Center Rutland, power station at, view of . . . 27 
Chambly, Quebec, Lake Champlain outlet at . 20-24 

Clyde River at West Derby 103-110 

at West Derby, view at Ill 

Cold River near Rutland 135 

Computed results, accuracy of 7, 11-12 

Connecticut River at Bellows Falls 135 

at Fairlee 111-116 

at Orford, N. H 111-116 

at Vernon 135 

onnecticut River basin, gaging stations in . . 13 

general features of 110-111 

miscellaneous measurements in 135 

stream flow in 111-133 

Control, definition of 9 

Cooperation, details of 8 

Covert, C. C. , work of 8 

Cranberry Meadow Pond outlet near Marsh- 
field 134 

Current meters, views of 10 

Curtis Pond outlet at Calais Center 134 

Data, accuracy of 7, 11-12 

explanation of 9-11 

Deerfield River, East Branch, at Somerset 

reservoir 132-133 

at Somerset reservoir, view of Ill 

Definitions of terms 9 

Discharge, conversion of 136-137 

tables of 10-11,12 

Dog River at and near Northfleld.... 65-72, 134, 13o 

near Montpelier 73, 134 

Dog River, East Roxbury Branch. See East 

Roxbury Branch. 
Drainage basins, map showing In pocket- 
East Barre, Jail Branch near 134 

East Creek near Rutland 35-38 

East Roxbury Branch near Northfleld 135 

Equivalents, convenient, table of 136-138 

Fair Haven, Poultney River at 25 

Fairlee, Connecticut River at 111-116 



Field data, accuracy of 11-12 

Gaging, development of 7 

Gaging stations, datafor 10 

location of, map showing In pocket. 

list of 12-13 

records of 14-102 

views of 10, 40, 41, 91 

Garfield, Green River at 8S-90 

Gazetteer of streams 139-216 

Green River at Garfield 88-90 

Hardwick, Lamoille River at 135 

Heam, Hope, work of 8 

Horsepower, calculation of, from discharge. . . 137 

equivalents of 138 

Himtington Falls, power station at, view of. . 27 

Himtington River at Jonesville 77 

Jail Branch at Barre 134 

near East Barre 134 

Johnson, Lamoille River at 83-86,134 

Jonesville, Huntington River at 77 

Kingsbury Branch near Montpelier 134 

near North Montpelier 134 

Lake Champlain at Burlington 14-19 

Lake Champlain drainage basin, features of. . 13-14 
Lake Champlain outlet at Chambly, Quebec. 20-24 

Lamoille River at Cadys Falls 77-82 

at Cadys Falls, rating curve for 78 

view at ^ 41 

at Hardwick 135 

at Johnson 83-86, 134 

at Morrisville, view at 90 

at West Milton 86-88 

Little River. See Waterbury River. 

Mad River at Waitsfield 135 

at Warren 135 

near Moretown 74-75 

river survey map of In pocket. 

Mad River, Mill Stream Branch. See Mill 
Stream Branch. 

Map of Vermont In pocket, 

Marshfield, Cranberry Meadow Pond outlet 

near 134 

Mollys Brook near 134 

Peachams Pond outlet at 134 

Winooski River at 134 

Middlebury, Otter Creek at 26-35 

Mill Stream Branch near Waitsfield 135 

Miner's inch, equivalents of 137 

Missisquoi River at Swanton 101-102 

near Riehford 90-101 

view at 91 

Mollys Brook, near Marshfield 134 

217 



218 



INDEX. 



Page. 

Montpelier, Dog River near 73, 134 

Kingsbury Branch near 134 

North Branch of WinoosM River at 57-65 

No. 10 Pond outlet near 134 

Stevens Branch near 56-57 

WinoosM River at and near 39-50 

gage-record height of, figure showing. 41 

view of 40 

Moretown, Mad River near 74-75 

Morrisville, Lamoille River at, view of 90 

Municipal ownership, workings of 6 

New England Power Co.'s plant, view of 110 

Norcross, T. W., workof 8 

Northfield, Bull Run Brook at 135 

Dog River at and near 65-72, 134, 135 

East Roxbury Branch near 135 

Union Brook at 135 

North Montpelier, Kingsbury Branch near . . 134 

No. 10 Pond outlet near Montpelier 134 

Orford, N. H., Connecticut River at 111-116 

Otter Creek at Middlebury 26-35 

power stations on, views of 26, 27 

Passumpsic River at Pierces Mills 117-123 

at St. Johnsbury Center 124 

near St. Johnsbury Center 117-123 

Peachams Pond outlet at Marshfleld 134 

at Peacham 134 

Pierce, H. C, work of 8 

Pierces Mills, Passumpsic River at 117-123 

Poultney River at Fair Haven 25 

Power plants, systems of 6 

views of 26-27,90,110 

Proctor, Vt. , power station at, view of 26 

Richelieu River at Chambly, Quebec 20-24 

Richford, Mississquoi River near 90-901 

Mississquoi River near, view on 91 

Richmond, WinoosM River at 50-54 

River survef s, maps of In pocket. 

Run-off, definition of 9 

Rutland, Cold River near 135 

East Creek near 3.5-38 

St. Francis River basin, features of 102 

stream flow in 103-110 

St. Johnsbury, Passumpsic River near 117-123 

St. Johnsbury Center, Passumpsic River at. . 124 
St. Lawrence River basin, gaging stations in. 12 

miscellaneous measurements in 134-135 

stream flow in 13-110 

See also Lake Champlain basin; St. Fran- 
cis basin. 

Second-feet, definition of 9 

equivalents of 137-138 

Sharon, White River at 124-129 

Smith, G. O., on water-power combinations. . 6 
Somerset reservoir. East Branch of Deerfield 

River at 132-133 

East Branch of Deerfield River at, view of 111 

South Barre, Stevens Branch at 134 

Stage-discharge relation, definition of 9 



Stevens Branch at South Barre 134 

at Williamstown 134 

near Montpelier 56-57 

Stowe, East Branch of Waterbury River at. . 135 

Waterbury River at 135 

West Branch of Waterbury River at 135 

Stream flow, recording of 6-7 

records of, accuracy of 7 

Streams, importance of 5 

Swanton, Mississquoi River at 101-102 

Terms, definitions of. 9 

Thweatt, Hardin, work of 9 

Union Brook at Northfield 135 

Vermont, cooperation with 8 

map of In pocket. 

Vernon, Connecticut River at 135 

New England Power Co.'s plant at, view 

of 110 

Waitsfield, Mad River at 135 

Mill Stream Branch of Mad River near. . 135 

Warren, Mad River at 135 

Waterbury River at Stowe 135 

near Waterbury 76 

river-survey map of In pocket 

Waterbury River, East Branch, at Stowe ... 135 
Waterbury River, West Branch, at Stowe. . . 135 

Water power, calculation of 138 

development of. 6-7 

Waters, running, importance of 5 

Water-stage recorders, views of 11 

West Derby, Clyde River at 103-110 

Clyde River at, view on Ill 

West Hartford, White River at 130-132 

White River at, view at 91 

West Milton, Lamoille River at 86-88 

White River at Sharon 124-129 

at West Hartford 130-132 

view at 91 

Williamstown, Stevens Branch at 134 

WinoosM River at and near Montpelier 39-50 

at and near Montpelier, gage-record height 

of, figure showing 41 

views of 40-41 

at Richmond 50-54 

near Marshfleld 134 

near WinoosM 55-56 

river survey map of In pocket 

WinoosM River, Kingsbury Branch. See 

Kingsbury Branch. 
WinoosM River, North Branch, at Mont- 
pelier 57-65 

near Worcester 134 

WinoosM River, Stevens Branch. See Ste- 
vens Branch. 
Worcester, North Branch of WinoosM River 

near 134 

Work, division of. 8 

Zero flow, definition of 9 



o 




MAP OF VER MONT SHOWING PRINCIPAL DRAINAGE BABIES 
AND LOCATION OF GAGING STATIONS 

Scale 105^06* 



: 64th Cong.. 2d Soss. 



218 



Montpel 
Kin: 

Nor' 
No. 
Ste\; 
"Win 



Moreto^ 

Morrisvi 

Munieip 

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Norcros: 

Northfit 

Dog 

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North M 

No. 10 I 

Orford, 

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pow 

Passum 

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Peachar 

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Pierce, ] 

Pierces '. 

Poultne 

Power p 

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Proctor, 

Richelie 

RicMon 

Miss 

Ricliino 

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Run-off 

Rutlanc 

Eas 

St. Frai 

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St. Johi 

St. Johi 

St. Law 

misi 

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See 

Second- 
equ 
Sharon, 
Smith, t 
Somersc 



South I 
Stage-di 




C. C. Covert, dislfict engineer 
A. D. Butterfield, chief of party 
Suiveyed in 1910 

SURVEYED IN COOPERATION WITH THE STATE 



Contour interval on land 10 feet 

Contour interval on water surface 1 foot 

Datum u mean sea level 

1917 



21i 



Mont 
E 

N 
N 
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Moret 
Morris 
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Norcrc 
North; 
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Pierces 
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Proctor 
Richelie 
Richfor( 

Miss 
Richmo 
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Run-off, 
Rutland 

Easi 
St. Fran 

strea 
St. John 
St. John; 
St. Lawi 

misci 

strea 

See a 

Second-fi 
equi-\ 
Sharon, ^ 
Smith, G 
Somerset 

East 
South Be 
Stage-disi 



RIVER SURVEYS 
WINOOSKI RIVER, VERMONT 



WATER-SUPPLY PAPER 424 PLATE III 




218 



Mont 
K 
K 

S 



Moret 

Morri 

Munii 

New ; 

Norcr 

Nortt 

D 

E 

U 

North 

No. 1( 

Orforc 

Otter 

PC 

Passu 

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Peach 

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Pierce 

Pierce 

Poultj 

Power 

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Proctc 

Richel 

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St. Fr; 

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St. Jol 

St. Jol 

St. La 

mj 

sti 

Sc 

Seconc 

eqi 
Sharoi 

Smith, 
Somen 

Ea 
South 



'*^\jiii*^i V v.'j^i*^. -S': 






U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 



RIVER SURVEYS 
WINOOSKI RIVER, VERMONT 



WATER-SUPPLY PAPER 424 PLATE IV 




Contour interval on land 10 feet 

Contour interval on water surface 1 foot 

Daiiim ifl mean sea level 

1917 



M( 



Mc 
Mc 
Ml 

Ne 
No 
No 



No 
No 
On 
Oti 

Pa 



Pel 

Pic 
Fit 
Po 
Po 

Pr< 
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Ri( 
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St. 

St. 
St. 
St. 



Sec 

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LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 



019 953 853 6 



